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Ai Y, Bertani P, Yang H, Lee S, Lu W, Lee J. A rapid and efficient method using electroporation for releasing intracellular microcystin toxins from cultured and naturally occurring cyanobacterial cells in lake water. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 198:115890. [PMID: 38101057 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
In cyanotoxin measurements, effective release of intracellular cyanotoxins through cell lysis is pivotal. The conventional method for cell lysis is repeated freeze-thaw (F-T), which has several disadvantages, including poor reproducibility since it is operator and equipment dependency and time-consuming. In this study, a rapid and sensitive method was developed using irreversible electroporation, reducing quantification time by over 6 h compared to F-T. Focusing on microcystins (MCs), we developed the most optimal electroporation medium (50 mM Tris (pH 7.0) with 0.5 % SDS) and determined the optimal intensity of electroporation using Microcystis culture. Microcystis cell rupture was validated by scanning electron microscopy. COMSOL simulations mirrored experimental conditions. Compared to F-T, this new method generated an average 13.7 % (6.7 ppb) more MCs from lake water samples (p ≥ 0.05). This innovation, surpassing the time-consuming F-T process, emerges as a valuable tool for timely decision-making in water safety advisory and cyanotoxin management in various settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehan Ai
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Paul Bertani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Seungjun Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Wu Lu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Kim HJ, Won CH, Hong YP, Lee IH, Kim HW. Energy-effective elimination of harmful microcystins by a non-thermal plasma process. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 284:131338. [PMID: 34217929 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Some cyanobacteria produce toxins that threaten the aquatic ecosystem and human health. To prevent serious consequences, this study suggests a potential means of reducing microalgal toxins, microcystins (MCs) by applying non-thermal plasma (NTP) process. Quantified MC-RR, -LR, and -YR were drastically degraded and removed as much as 99.9% by reactive species generated by NTP. Results further demonstrate that NTP uses less energy based on estimated energy per order (EEO kWh m-3 order-1) than other advanced oxidation processes and requires relatively less time to remove the MCs. As a result, NTP may be a viable management option for effective MC control during severe surface water blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jun Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Division of Civil, Environmental, Mineral Resource and Energy Engineering, Soil Environment Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
| | - Chan-Hee Won
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Division of Civil, Environmental, Mineral Resource and Energy Engineering, Soil Environment Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
| | - Yeong-Pyo Hong
- Groon., Ltd., 109, Wonmanseong-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - In Ho Lee
- Groon., Ltd., 109, Wonmanseong-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Division of Civil, Environmental, Mineral Resource and Energy Engineering, Soil Environment Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea.
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Lee S, Kim J, Lee J. Colonization of toxic cyanobacteria on the surface and inside of leafy green: A hidden source of cyanotoxin production and exposure. Food Microbiol 2021; 94:103655. [PMID: 33279080 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are a threat to the safety of water sources for drinking, recreation, and food production, because some cyanobacteria, such as Microcystis, produce cyanotoxins. However, the colonization of plants by Microcystis and the fate of their toxin, microcystins (MCs), in agricultural environments have not been thoroughly studied. This study examined the colonization of lettuce, as a representative of leafy greens, by Microcystis and its potential impact on food safety and crop health. The surfaces of lettuce leaves were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of M. aeruginosa (104, 106, and 108mcyE gene copies/mL) by mimicking contamination scenarios during cultivation, such as spraying irrigation with contaminated water or deposits of airborne Microcystis. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and droplet digital PCR were used. The results showed that M. aeruginosa colonized the surface of leaves and MCs accumulated in the edible part of the lettuce (>20 μg/kg of lettuce). Crop productivity (length, weight, and number of leaves) was negatively affected. The SEM images provide evidence that M. aeruginosa deposited on the lettuce surface can be internalized via natural opening sites of the leaves and then proliferate within the plants. Our findings imply that toxic cyanobacteria contamination in agricultural environments can be a significant cyanotoxin exposure pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungjun Lee
- College of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jinnam Kim
- Department of Biology, Kyungsung University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- College of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Removal of Microcystis aeruginosa through the Combined Effect of Plasma Discharge and Hydrodynamic Cavitation. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w12010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial water blooms represent toxicological, ecological and technological problems around the globe. When present in raw water used for drinking water production, one of the best strategies is to remove the cyanobacterial biomass gently before treatment, avoiding cell destruction and cyanotoxins release. This paper presents a new method for the removal of cyanobacterial biomass during drinking water pre-treatment that combines hydrodynamic cavitation with cold plasma discharge. Cavitation produces press stress that causes Microcystis gas vesicles to collapse. The cyanobacteria then sink, allowing for removal by sedimentation. The cyanobacteria showed no signs of revitalisation, even after seven days under optimal conditions with nutrient enrichment, as photosynthetic activity is negatively affected by hydrogen peroxide produced by plasma burnt in the cavitation cloud. Using this method, cyanobacteria can be removed in a single treatment, with no increase in microcystin concentration. This novel technology appears to be highly promising for continual treatment of raw water inflow in drinking water treatment plants and will also be of interest to those wishing to treat surface waters without the use of algaecides.
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Characterization of Cyanophages in Lake Erie: Interaction Mechanisms and Structural Damage of Toxic Cyanobacteria. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11080444. [PMID: 31357465 PMCID: PMC6722964 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11080444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanophages are abundant in aquatic environments and play a critical role in bloom dynamics, including regulation of cyanobacteria growth and photosynthesis. In this study, cyanophages from western Lake Erie water samples were screened for lytic activity against the host cell (Microcystis aeruginosa), which also originated from Lake Erie, and identified with real-time sequencing (Nanopore sequencing). M. aeruginosa was mixed with the cyanophages and their dynamic interactions were examined over two weeks using atomic force microscopy (AFM) as well as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), qPCR, phycocyanin and chlorophyll-a production, and optical absorbance measurements. The TEM images revealed a short-tailed virus (Podoviridae) in 300 nm size with unique capsid, knob-like proteins. The psbA gene and one knob-like protein gene, gp58, were identified by PCR. The AFM showed a reduction of mechanical stiffness in the host cell membranes over time after infection, before structural damage became visible. Significant inhibition of the host growth and photosynthesis was observed from the measurements of phycocyanin and chlorophyll-a concentrations. The results provide an insight into cyanobacteria–cyanophage interactions in bloom dynamics and a potential application of cyanophages for bloom control in specific situations.
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Hydrogen Peroxide Interference in Chemical Oxygen Demand Assessments of Plasma Treated Waters. PLASMA 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/plasma2030021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma-driven advanced oxidation represents a potential technology to safely re-use waters polluted with recalcitrant contaminants by mineralizing organics via reactions with hydroxyl radicals, thus relieving freshwater stress. The process results in some residual hydrogen peroxide, which can interfere with the standard method for assessing contaminant removal. In this work, methylene blue is used as a model contaminant to present a case in which this interference can impact the measured chemical oxygen demand of samples. Next, the magnitude of this interference is investigated by dosing de-ionized water with hydrogen peroxide via dielectric barrier discharge plasma jet and by solution. The chemical oxygen demand increases with increasing concentration of residual hydrogen peroxide. The interference factor should be considered when assessing the effectiveness of plasma to treat various wastewaters.
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Kwon T, Chandimali N, Lee DH, Son Y, Yoon SB, Lee JR, Lee S, Kim KJ, Lee SY, Kim SY, Jo YJ, Kim M, Park BJ, Lee JK, Jeong DK, Kim JS. Potential Applications of Non-thermal Plasma in Animal Husbandry to Improve Infrastructure. In Vivo 2019; 33:999-1010. [PMID: 31280188 PMCID: PMC6689345 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Infrastructure in animal husbandry refers to fundamental facilities and services necessary for better living conditions of animals and its economy to function through better productivity. Mainly, infrastructure can be divided into two categories: hard infrastructure and soft infrastructure. Physical infrastructure, such as buildings, roads, and water supplying systems, belongs to hard infrastructure. Soft infrastructure includes services which are required to maintain economic, health, cultural and social standards of animal husbandry. Therefore, the proper management of infrastructure in animal husbandry is necessary for animal welfare and its economy. Among various technologies to improve the quality of infrastructure, non-thermal plasma (NTP) technology is an effectively applicable technology in different stages of animal husbandry. NTP is mainly helpful in maintaining better health conditions of animals in several ways via decontamination from microorganisms present in air, water, food, instruments and surfaces of animal farming systems. Furthermore, NTP is used in the treatment of waste water, vaccine production, wound healing in animals, odor-free ventilation, and packaging of animal food or animal products. This review summarizes the recent studies of NTP which can be related to the infrastructure in animal husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeho Kwon
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Nisansala Chandimali
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center,Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Lee
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonghoon Son
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Bin Yoon
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Rang Lee
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangil Lee
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Jin Kim
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yong Lee
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Yong Kim
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Jo
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseong Kim
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Jin Park
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ki Lee
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kee Jeong
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Su Kim
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
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Palagama DSW, Devasurendra AM, Baliu-Rodriguez D, Kirchhoff JR, Isailovic D. Treated rice husk as a recyclable sorbent for the removal of microcystins from water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 666:1292-1300. [PMID: 30970494 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) appear during harmful algal blooms (HABs) in water sources worldwide, and represent a threat for humans and animals ingesting or inhaling MCs from the environment. Herein, treated rice husk (RH) was tested as a recyclable sorbent for removal of six MCs (MC-RR, MC-LR, MC-YR, MC-LA, MC-LF, and MC-LW) from water. RH was refluxed with hydrochloric acid and heated to 250 °C to produce the sorbent material. Twenty milligrams of treated RH removed >95% of the MCs from a 30 mL solution containing 25 μg/L of each MC. The adsorption of MCs onto RH follows the Freundlich isotherm model (R2 ≥ 0.9612) and pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2 ≥ 0.9996). More than 90% of MCs were removed within 5 min, and >95% were removed at equilibrium (in <40 min). Performance of the RH sorbent was evaluated by removing MCs from Lake Erie water collected during an algal bloom in 2017. The total concentration (extracellular plus intracellular) of six tested MCs in lake water ranged from 3.7 to 13,605.9 μg/L, and removal of MCs by treated RH ranged from 100.0% to 71.8%, respectively. The removal capacity of RH for the six MCs from the lake water sample containing 13,605.9 μg/L of MCs was 586 μg per g of treated RH. After being used to extract MCs, the RH was heated to 560 °C to produce silica nanoparticles. Therefore, treated RH enables rapid and efficient removal of MCs from water and it can be recycled for use as a raw material. Overall, treated RH can contribute to mitigation of environmental and health effects caused by MCs and reduce concerns for toxic waste disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilrukshika S W Palagama
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Amila M Devasurendra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - David Baliu-Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Jon R Kirchhoff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
| | - Dragan Isailovic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
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Chae S, Noeiaghaei T, Oh Y, Kim IS, Park JS. Effective removal of emerging dissolved cyanotoxins from water using hybrid photocatalytic composites. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 149:421-431. [PMID: 30472544 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms are occurring more frequently in fresh water throughout the world. Certain cyanobacteria can produce and release potent toxic compounds, known as cyanotoxins, such as microcystins, cylindrospermopsin, saxitoxin, and anatoxin-a, and as such they have become a human and environmental health concern. Hybrid photocatalytic composites (HPCs) comprising carbon nanotubes on the surface of TiO2 nanotubes were designed in this study. The HPCs have a selective adsorption capacity to cyanotoxins and provide photocatalytic activity to produce reactive oxygen species for the degradation of cyanotoxins. HPCs with 5.2 mg carbon nanotubes/cm2 showed an excellent removal efficiency of microcystins-LR (>95%) at 55.6 L/m2/hr/bar. The HPCs more efficiently removed the relatively larger and more hydrophobic cyanotoxins (i.e., microcystin-LR) than the relatively smaller and more hydrophilic compounds, such as cylindrospermopsin, saxitoxin, and anatoxin-a. With a further increased in the carbon nanotube content to 8.6 mg/cm2, the adsorption capacity of the HPCs for cyanotoxins increased to 70.6% for MC-LR. However, there was significant decrease in the photocatalytic activity of the HPCs for production of reactive oxygen species, and consequently a decrease in the degradation of cyanotoxins. It is considered that this device could be used to provide complete rejection of particles and pathogens, and also to significantly reduce trace organic compounds and harmful algal toxins in emergency water supplies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soryong Chae
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, 2901 Woodside Drive, Cincinnati, OH, 45221-0012, USA.
| | - Tahereh Noeiaghaei
- Faculty of Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Yoontaek Oh
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, 2901 Woodside Drive, Cincinnati, OH, 45221-0012, USA
| | - In S Kim
- Global Desalination Research Center, School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Park
- Department of Green Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sangmyung University, Cheonan, Chungnam Province, 31066, Republic of Korea.
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