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Gabrys L, Schaller A, Peters S, Barzel A, Berrisch-Rahmel S, Dreinhöfer KE, Eckert K, Göhner W, Geidl W, Krupp S, Lange M, Nebel R, Pfeifer K, Reusch A, Schmidt-Ohlemann M, Sewerin P, Steindorf K, Ströhle A, Sudeck G, Wäsche H, Wolf S, Wollesen B, Thiel C. [DNVF Memorandum: Objectives and Methods of Physical Activity-Related Health Services Research]. DAS GESUNDHEITSWESEN 2024. [PMID: 39047784 DOI: 10.1055/a-2340-1669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The DNVF Memorandum: Objectives and Methods of Physical Activity-Related Health Services Research summarizes, for the first time, the highly interdisciplinary and interprofessional field of physical activity-based health care in the German healthcare system. In addition to providing a conceptual framework and definition of key measures and concepts in physical activity-related health care research, existing research gaps and needs are identified, and methods for advancing this relatively young field of research are described. A particular focus of this study is the relevant outcome parameters and their standardized assessment using established and valid measurement tools. The memorandum aims to establish a general understanding of the complex subject of promoting physical activity and sports therapy in the context of healthcare, to give an impulse to new research initiatives, and to integrate the currently available strong evidence on the effectiveness of physical activity and exercise into healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Gabrys
- ESAB Fachhochschule für Sport und Management Potsdam, Gesundheitssport und Prävention, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andrea Schaller
- Universität der Bundeswehr München, Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Arbeitsbereich Gesundheit, Betriebliche Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention, München, Germany
| | - Stefan Peters
- Deutscher Verband für Gesundheitssport und Sporttherapie e. V., Deutscher Verband für Gesundheitssport und Sporttherapie e. V., Hürth-Efferen, Germany
- Universität der Bundeswehr, Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Arbeitsbereich Gesundheit, Betriebliche Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention, München, Germany
| | - Anne Barzel
- Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Institut für Allgemeinmedizin, Ulm, Germany
| | - Susanne Berrisch-Rahmel
- Projektgruppe PG 05 Prävention der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kardiologie, Herz- und Kreislaufforschung e.V., Sprecherin der AG Sport und Prävention des Bundesverband niedergelassener Kardiologen e.V., Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karsten E Dreinhöfer
- Medical Park AG, Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Eckert
- IST-Hochschule für Management GmbH, Gesundheitsmanagement & Public Health, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wiebke Göhner
- Katholische Hochschule Freiburg, Bereich Gesundheitspsychologie, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Geidl
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institut für Sportwissenschaft und Sport, Lehrstuhl Bewegung und Gesundheit, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sonja Krupp
- Forschungsgruppe Geriatrie Lübeck, Krankenhaus Rotes Kreuz Lübeck - Geriatriezentrum, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Martin Lange
- IST-Hochschule für Management GmbH, Fachbereich Fitness & Gesundheit, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Roland Nebel
- Deutsche Gesellschaft zur Prävention und Rehabilitation von Herz-Kreislauferkrankungen e.V. (DGPR), Klinik Roderbirken der Deutschen Rentenversicherung Rheinland, Leichlingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Pfeifer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institut für Sportwissenschaft und Sport, Lehrstuhl Bewegung und Gesundheit, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrea Reusch
- Zentrum Patientenschulung und Gesundheitsförderung, (ZePG e.V.), Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Philipp Sewerin
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet, Bochum, Germany
| | - Karen Steindorf
- Nationales Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen (NCT) Heidelberg, DKFZ, Abteilung für Bewegung, Präventionsforschung und Krebs, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Ströhle
- Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gorden Sudeck
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Arbeitsbereich Bildungs- und Gesundheitsforschung im Sport, Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Tübingen, Germany
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Interfakultäres Forschungsinstitut für Sport und körperliche Aktivität, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hagen Wäsche
- Universität Koblenz-Landau Fachbereich 3 Mathematik/Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wolf
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Arbeitsbereich Bildungs- und Gesundheitsforschung im Sport, Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bettina Wollesen
- Universität Hamburg, Arbeitsbereich Bewegungs- und Trainingswissenschaft, Fakultät für Psychologie und Bewegungswissenschaft, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Thiel
- Hochschule für Gesundheit Bochum, Studienbereich Physiotherapie, Department für Angewandte Gesundheitswissenschaften, Bochum, Germany
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, und Forschungsbereich Trainingswissenschaft, Fakultät für Sportwissenschaft, Bochum, Germany
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Psychophysiological mechanisms underlying the effects of outdoor green and virtual green exercise during self-paced walking. Int J Psychophysiol 2023; 184:39-50. [PMID: 36572348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity in the presence of nature can lead to additional, more distinct mental health benefits such as lower stress and anxiety levels and an overall better psychological state when compared to indoor physical activity. Interestingly, the brain mechanisms underlying the effects of green exercise (GE) and virtual green exercise (VGE) on psychological responses are hitherto under-researched. The present study sought to deepen our understanding of the brain mechanisms underlying the effects of GE and VGE during self-paced walking. Thirty individuals took part in the present study. Two experimental (i.e., GE and VGE) and a control condition (CO) were administered in a randomized and counterbalanced order. Participants were asked to walk for ¼ mile at a pace of their choosing and self-report their psychological states at various timepoints during the exercise trials. Heart rate variability and the brain's electrical activity were monitored continuously throughout the experimental protocol. An accelerometer was used to identify the beginning and end of each step. The results indicate that both experimental manipulations were sufficient to influence the majority of psychological and psychophysiological parameters. The most pronounced effects were identified for GE when compared to CO and VGE. VGE was also sufficient to evoke positive emotions and partially reallocate attention externally, although such effects were less pronounced than those observed for GE. The brain mechanisms underlying the abovementioned psychophysiological responses may be associated with significant changes in theta activity throughout the cerebral cortex as well as increased connectivity in the frontal and parietal areas.
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Shikako K, El Sherif R, Cardoso R, Zhang H, Lai J, Mogo ERI, Schuster T. Applying behaviour change models to policy-making: development and validation of the Policymakers' Information Use Questionnaire (POLIQ). Health Res Policy Syst 2023; 21:8. [PMID: 36691025 PMCID: PMC9872298 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-022-00942-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Policymakers' Information Use Questionnaire (POLIQ) to capture the intention of individuals in decision-making positions, such as health policy-makers, to act on research-based evidence in order to inform theory and the application of behaviour change models to decision-making spheres. METHODS The development and validation comprised three steps: item generation, qualitative face validation with cognitive debriefing and factorial construct validation. Confirmatory factor analysis was applied to estimate item-domain correlations for five predefined constructs relating to content, beliefs, behaviour, control and intent. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated to assess the overall consistency of questionnaire items with the predefined constructs. Participants in the item generation and face validation were health and policy researchers and two former decision-makers (former assistant deputy ministers) from the Canadian provincial level. Participants in the construct validation were 39 Canadian decision-makers at various positions of municipal, provincial and federal jurisdiction who participated in a series of policy dialogues focused on childhood disability. RESULTS Cognitive debriefing allowed for small adjustments in language for clarity, including simultaneous validation of the English and French questionnaires. Participants found that the questions were clear and addressed the domains being targeted. Internal consistency of items belonging to the respective questionnaire domains was moderate to high, with estimated Cronbach's alpha values ranging from 0.67 to 0.84. Estimated item-domain correlations indicated moderate to high measurement performance for the domains norm, control and beliefs, whereas weak to moderate correlations resulted for the constructs content and intent. Estimated imprecision of factor loadings (95% confidence interval widths) was considerable for the questionnaire domains content and intent. CONCLUSION Measuring decision-makers' behaviour in relation to research evidence use is challenging. We provide initial evidence on face validity and appropriate measurement properties of the POLIQ based on a convenience sample of decision-makers in social and health policy. Larger validation studies and further psychometric property testing will support further utility of the POLIQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Shikako
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montréal, QC Canada ,grid.498757.00000 0001 0556 2094MAB-Mackay Rehabilitation Centre, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Reem El Sherif
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Roberta Cardoso
- grid.63984.300000 0000 9064 4811Research Institute, McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC Canada ,grid.498757.00000 0001 0556 2094MAB-Mackay Rehabilitation Centre, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Hao Zhang
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Jonathan Lai
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,Canadian Autism Spectrum Disorder Alliance (CASDA), Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Ebele R. I. Mogo
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Global Diet and Activity Research Group and Network, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tibor Schuster
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC Canada
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Intention to comply with solid waste management practices among households in Butajira town, Southern Ethiopia using the theory of planned behavior. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268674. [PMID: 35802757 PMCID: PMC9269971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One of the world’s most serious environmental issues is solid waste management. It is critical for researchers to understand the intention to comply with solid waste management. Thus, we aim to determine the intention to comply with solid waste management practice among households in Butajira Town using the Theory of Planned Behavior. Method A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 422 households in Butajira from June 1 to June 30, 2020. The constructs and principles of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) were measured. We selected using a systematic sampling method and collected data by using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. The predictors of intention to practice solid waste management were identified using a multivariable linear regression model. A P-value of less than 5% was considered to declare a significant association. Results The findings demonstrated that intention to practice solid waste management explained 86% of the variance explained by all predictors. The perceived behavioral control construct had the greatest impact on households’ behavioral intentions to comply with solid waste management practice (β = 0.16; CI (0.14, 0.18), followed by attitude (β = 0.15; CI (0.11, 0.21) and subjective norms (β = 0.12; CI (0.06, 0.17). Conclusion Our study also found that intention has a substantial influence on the behavior of solid waste management practices. Therefore, there is a need to enhance service utilization for solid waste management and to improve outdoor solid waste dropping behavior through door-to-door collection services by municipality. Furthermore, further longitudinal research should be done through intervention mapping.
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A mixed-methods exploration of virtual reality as a tool to promote green exercise. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5715. [PMID: 35383263 PMCID: PMC8983725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09622-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The salutogenic effects of green exercise are widely recognised, yet many individuals do not engage in this health-related behaviour. Using a convergent mixed methods approach, this study explored the impact of experiencing nature through Virtual Reality (VR) on the decision-making process relating to green exercise. Three experimental trials were conducted (overall n = 136), in which healthy adults were exposed to different VR scenarios reproducing a virtual walk in an existing urban green area. Participants reported medium–high rating of intent to visit the location. Significant pre-to-post increments in future green exercise intention were observed after the VR exposure, though a significance difference was not achieved in comparison with a control condition. Qualitative analysis revealed the impact of the VR experience on behaviour regulation, and highlighted the pivotal role of anticipated emotional benefits. Despite scepticism, the VR experience was effective in arousing curiosity to explore natural environments, which was associated with environmental perceptions as well as nostalgic and socio-cultural perspectives.
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Chun T'ing L, Moorthy K, Gunasaygaran N, Sek Li C, Omapathi D, Jia Yi H, Anandan K, Sivakumar K. Intention to reduce food waste: A study among Malaysians. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2021; 71:890-905. [PMID: 33689567 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2021.1900001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Malaysia, also known as a food haven, is currently facing an excessive food waste problem which poses a threat to the environment. The objective of this research is to study the factors that affect the behavioral intention of Malaysians to reduce food waste. This study employs the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the Norm Activation Model (NAM) to better understand the behavioral intention of Malaysians toward reducing food waste. A cross-sectional study was conducted, using 352 self-administered survey questionnaires. Data collected were analyzed through PLS-SEM analysis. The results show that awareness of consequences (AC) and ascription of responsibility (AR) influence personal norms, while attitude, perceived behavioral control, and personal norms (PN) have significant effect on behavioral intention (BI) to reduce food waste. Furthermore, PN partially mediates the relationship between AC and BI as well as AR and BI. This study offers critical insights which will benefit the Malaysian Government, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), and other related parties in recognizing factors influencing the intention to reduce food waste which can be adopted to develop practical solutions to curb food waste in Malaysia.Implications: This study offers critical insights to the Malaysian Government, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and other related parties in recognizing factors influencing the intention to reduce food waste which can be adopted to develop practical solutions to curb food waste in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loh Chun T'ing
- Faculty of Business and Finance, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Krishna Moorthy
- School of Economics and Management, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia
| | | | - Chong Sek Li
- Faculty of Business and Finance, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Darrsini Omapathi
- Faculty of Business and Finance, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Ho Jia Yi
- Faculty of Business and Finance, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Kanageswary Anandan
- Faculty of Business and Finance, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Kirutiga Sivakumar
- Faculty of Business and Finance, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Perak, Malaysia
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Wood C, Flynn M, Law R, Naufahu J, Smyth N. The effect of the visual exercise environment on the response to psychological stress: a pilot study. ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING 2020; 33:716-729. [PMID: 32476469 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2020.1770231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Performing physical activity whilst exposed to nature can improve health. However, there is little evidence of its impact on stress outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of the visual exercise environment on the response to a psychosocial stressor. Methods: Eighteen participants were randomized to one of three conditions: i. nature; ii. built or; iii. control condition. Participants exercised for 30 min on a treadmill at 50% of their VO2max whilst viewing a video of either a natural or built environment or a blank screen. Following the exercise, participants completed the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), a standardized laboratory stressor. Salivary samples were collected before, during and after the TSST to calculate cortisol reactivity and recovery. Results: One-way ANOVA revealed a significant effect of viewing condition on cortisol reactivity [F (2, 11) = 4.686, p = .034; n 2 p = .460]; with significantly lower reactivity in the built compared to the nature condition (p = .027, d = 1.73). There was no effect of condition on cortisol recovery (p = .137; n 2 p = .257). Conclusions: In the context of the adverse health impact of lower (i.e., blunted) cortisol responding, these findings could indicate a negative impact of the built environment on stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Wood
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK.,School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - M Flynn
- School of Social Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - R Law
- School of Social Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - J Naufahu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - N Smyth
- School of Social Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
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Muhammed A, Shariff-Ghazali S, Said SM, Hassan M, Lee K. Psychometric Properties of a Theory of Planned Behavior Questionnaire for Assessing the Midwives' Intention to Provide Planned Home Birth Services in Nigeria. J Community Health Nurs 2020; 37:77-88. [PMID: 32233947 DOI: 10.1080/07370016.2020.1736377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We developed and psychometrically tested a Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) questionnaire which focused on assessing the midwives' intention to provide planned home birth (PHB) services. This is a quantitative, cross-sectional survey, conducted among 226 midwives working in ten participating health facilities. The reliability and validity of the theoretical constructs were assessed. The Cronbach's alpha values were >0.8 for all scales, suggesting satisfactory internal consistency. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed sufficient convergent validity (the average variance extracted was >0.5 for each construct) and discriminant validity. The study gathered an evidence of the usefulness of TPB in the specific context of PHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auwalu Muhammed
- Department of Nursing Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Sazlina Shariff-Ghazali
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Salmiah Md Said
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Mairo Hassan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Khuan Lee
- Department of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
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Litleskare S, E. MacIntyre T, Calogiuri G. Enable, Reconnect and Augment: A New ERA of Virtual Nature Research and Application. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051738. [PMID: 32155911 PMCID: PMC7084893 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Being exposed to natural environments is associated with improved health and well-being, as these environments are believed to promote feelings of “being away” from everyday struggles, positive emotional reactions and stress reduction. Despite these positive effects, humanity is becoming increasingly more distanced from nature due to societal changes, such as increased urbanization and the reduced accessibility of natural environments. Technology is also partly to blame, as research suggests that people replace nature contact with increased screen time. In this cross-section between nature and technology, we find technological nature which is progressing towards a point where we may be capable of simulating exposure to real nature. Concerns have been raised regarding this technology, as it is feared it will replace real nature. However, research suggests that virtual nature may have a more positive impact on society than a mere replacement of real nature, and this review propose several areas where virtual nature may be a beneficial addition to actual nature (Enable), help people reconnect with the real natural world (Reconnect) and “boost” human-nature interactions (Augment). Based on the current research and theoretical framework, this review proposes guidelines for future research within these areas, with the aim of advancing the field by producing high quality research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigbjørn Litleskare
- Faculty of social and health sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, 2406 Elverum, Norway;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-62430218
| | - Tadhg E. MacIntyre
- GO GREEN Initiative, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland;
| | - Giovanna Calogiuri
- Faculty of social and health sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, 2406 Elverum, Norway;
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About Intentions to Donate for Sustainable Rural Development: An Exploratory Study. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11030765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) was used to investigate factors affecting the intention of citizens to donate money altruistically for sustainable rural development projects in Spain. To achieve this aim, individuals’ attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control have been considered; also, Azjen’s model was further extended to include additional elements: Moral norms, past behaviour, knowledge and some background factors. Respondents completed an online questionnaire assessing domains elaborated in the extended TPB model. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed support for the model. Attitudes, injunctive norms, perceived behavioural control, moral norms, past behaviour, crowdfunding knowledge, age and employment condition were found to have positive and significant influence on intentions to donate. Theoretical and applied implications of the results are discussed, highlighting important considerations for public policy.
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