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Wittenhagen L, Hielscher E, Meurk CS, Scott JG, Steele ML, Bosley E, Watson S, Heffernan E. A cohort profile of children and adolescents who had a suicide-related contact with police or paramedics in Queensland (Australia). Emerg Med Australas 2024; 36:520-526. [PMID: 38495001 DOI: 10.1111/1742-6723.14392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Suicide is a leading cause of death in children and adolescents worldwide and a major public health concern. While suicidal behaviours place a significant demand on mental health and emergency services, data regarding suicide-related contacts with police and paramedics are an underutilised resource. The aim of the present study was to identify the demographic profile of young individuals (aged 5-17) and had a suicide-related contact with police or paramedics in Queensland (Australia). METHODS The present study utilised a population-wide linked dataset, including data from police and paramedics and health administrative data, between 1 February 2013 and 31 January 2018. RESULTS The identified cohort of 7929 children had a median age of 15 years and mainly comprised females (63.2%). Over the study period, 64 children died, most by suicide (76.6%). Less than a third of the cohort were responsible for almost two-thirds of the total number of contacts with police or paramedics. CONCLUSION Findings provide a comprehensive profile of children and adolescents in suicidal crisis and highlight the substantial number of interactions that occur with police and paramedics. Due to the way the linked dataset was constructed, it must be assumed that the number of young persons in suicidal crisis is higher. Findings highlight the value of considering pre-hospital alternatives to presenting to emergency departments (EDs) for this cohort, to reduce impost on EDs and improve outcomes. Further examination of re-presentations by young persons is warranted to inform prevention and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Wittenhagen
- School of Public Health: Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Queensland, Australia
| | - Emily Hielscher
- Child and Youth Mental Health Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carla S Meurk
- School of Public Health: Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Queensland, Australia
| | - James G Scott
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Queensland, Australia
- Child and Youth Mental Health Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Child and Youth Mental Health Service, Children's Health Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Megan L Steele
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Queensland, Australia
| | - Emma Bosley
- Information Support, Research & Evaluation, Office of the Medical Director, Queensland Ambulance Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shelby Watson
- State Domestic Family Violence and Vulnerable Persons Unit, Domestic Family Violence and Vulnerable Persons Command, Queensland Police Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ed Heffernan
- School of Public Health: Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Forensic Mental Health Service, Metro North Mental Health Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Scott D, McGrath M, Beard N, Chislett S, Baldwin R, Nehme Z, Lubman DI, Ogeil RP. Adolescent Suicidal Behaviors During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Australia: Analysis of Acute Harms Assessed via Ambulance Data. J Adolesc Health 2024; 74:908-915. [PMID: 38340123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated changes in suicidal ideation, attempts, and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI)-related ambulance attendances among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS An interrupted time series analysis using data from the National Ambulance Surveillance System, a globally unique mental health and suicide surveillance system. Patients aged 12-17 years from the state of Victoria, Australia who were attended by ambulance for suicide attempts, suicide ideation, and NSSI between January 2016 and October 2021 were included. Monthly ambulance attendances during the pre-COVID period (January 2016-March 2020) were compared to those in the peak period of COVID-19 (April 2020-October 2021). RESULTS There were 20,125 ambulance attendances for suicide ideation, suicide attempt, and NSSI in adolescents over the study period. During the pre-COVID period, the number of suicide ideation, attempts, and NSSI attendances was increasing by 1.1% per month (incidence rate ratio [IRR]:1.011; 95% confidence interval [1.009-1.013], p < .001). There was no change in the rate of all suicide ideation, attempt, and NSSI for all adolescents during the period of COVID-19. However, when disaggregated by gender, there was a 0.7% increase in the monthly rate of attendances for females (IRR: 1.007 [1.001-1.013], p = .029), and a 3.0% decrease for males (IRR: 0.970 [0.964-0.975], p < .001). DISCUSSION Adolescent female suicide ideation, attempt, and NSSI attendances increased during the COVID-19 period, compared with males in the same time period. These findings suggest tailored intervention strategies may be needed to address the increasing trends of self-harm among young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie Scott
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Victoria, Australia; Eastern Health Clinical School and Monash Addiction Research Centre, Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael McGrath
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Victoria, Australia; Eastern Health Clinical School and Monash Addiction Research Centre, Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Naomi Beard
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Chislett
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ryan Baldwin
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Victoria, Australia; School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ziad Nehme
- Departments of Paramedicine, Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Research and Evaluation, Ambulance Victoria, Blackburn North, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dan I Lubman
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Victoria, Australia; Eastern Health Clinical School and Monash Addiction Research Centre, Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rowan P Ogeil
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Victoria, Australia; Eastern Health Clinical School and Monash Addiction Research Centre, Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia.
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Cullen P, Leong RN, Liu B, Walker N, Steinbeck K, Ivers R, Dinh M. Returning to the emergency department: a retrospective analysis of mental health re-presentations among young people in New South Wales, Australia. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e057388. [PMID: 35640990 PMCID: PMC9171221 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to describe mental health emergency department (ED) presentations among young people aged 8-26 years in New South Wales, Australia, and to identify key characteristics associated with higher risk of ED mental health re-presentation. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Retrospective analysis of linked ED data records for mental health presentations between 1 January 2015 and 30 June 2018. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcome was the total number of mental health ED re-presentations within 1 year, following initial presentation. Count regression models were fitted to estimate factors associated with higher likelihood of re-presentations. RESULTS Forty thousand two hundred and ninety patients were included in the analyses, and 9713 (~25%) re-presented during the following year; 1831 (20%) presented at least three times. On average, patients re-presented 0.61 times per 365 person-days, with average time until first re-presentation of ~92 days but greatest risk of re-presentation within first 30-60 days. Young people with self-harm or suicidal diagnoses at initial presentation were more likely to re-present. Re-presentations were highest among young people <15 years (IRR 1.18 vs ≥20 years old), female (IRR=1.13 vs male), young people residing outside of major cities (IRR 1.08 vs major cities) and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander young people (IRR 1.27 vs non-Indigenous). CONCLUSIONS ED mental health re-presentation is high among young people. We demonstrate factors associated with re-presentation that EDs could target for timely, high-quality care that is youth friendly and culturally safe, with appropriate referral pathways into community-based primary and mental healthcare services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Cullen
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Ngarruwan Ngadju, First Peoples Health and Wellbeing Research Centre, Australian Health Services Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert Neil Leong
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bette Liu
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Natasha Walker
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katharine Steinbeck
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Academic Department of Adolescent Medicine, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca Ivers
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Dinh
- NSW Institute of Trauma and Injury Management, NSW Agency for Clinical Innovation, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Lubman DI, Heilbronn C, Ogeil RP, Killian JJ, Matthews S, Smith K, Bosley E, Carney R, McLaughlin K, Wilson A, Eastham M, Shipp C, Witt K, Lloyd B, Scott D. National Ambulance Surveillance System: A novel method using coded Australian ambulance clinical records to monitor self-harm and mental health-related morbidity. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236344. [PMID: 32735559 PMCID: PMC7394421 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-harm and mental health are inter-related issues that substantially contribute to the global burden of disease. However, measurement of these issues at the population level is problematic. Statistics on suicide can be captured in national cause of death data collected as part of the coroner's review process, however, there is a significant time-lag in the availability of such data, and by definition, these sources do not include non-fatal incidents. Although survey, emergency department, and hospitalisation data present alternative information sources to measure self-harm, such data do not include the richness of information available at the point of incident. This paper describes the mental health and self-harm modules within the National Ambulance Surveillance System (NASS), a unique Australian system for monitoring and mapping mental health and self-harm. Data are sourced from paramedic electronic patient care records provided by Australian state and territory-based ambulance services. A team of specialised research assistants use a purpose-built system to manually scrutinise and code these records. Specific details of each incident are coded, including mental health symptoms and relevant risk indicators, as well as the type, intent, and method of self-harm. NASS provides almost 90 output variables related to self-harm (i.e., type of behaviour, self-injurious intent, and method) and mental health (e.g., mental health symptoms) in the 24 hours preceding each attendance, as well as demographics, temporal and geospatial characteristics, clinical outcomes, co-occurring substance use, and self-reported medical and psychiatric history. NASS provides internationally unique data on self-harm and mental health, with direct implications for translational research, public policy, and clinical practice. This methodology could be replicated in other countries with universal ambulance service provision to inform health policy and service planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan I. Lubman
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Addiction Research Centre and Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Cherie Heilbronn
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Addiction Research Centre and Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rowan P. Ogeil
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Addiction Research Centre and Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica J. Killian
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Addiction Research Centre and Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sharon Matthews
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Addiction Research Centre and Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen Smith
- Ambulance Victoria, Doncaster, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paramedicine, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emma Bosley
- Queensland Ambulance Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rosemary Carney
- New South Wales Ambulance, Rozelle, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Alex Wilson
- Ambulance Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Matthew Eastham
- St John Ambulance Australia (NT) Inc., Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Carol Shipp
- Australian Capital Territory Ambulance Service, Fairbairn, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Katrina Witt
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Addiction Research Centre and Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Belinda Lloyd
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Addiction Research Centre and Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Debbie Scott
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Addiction Research Centre and Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
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Grigg J, Killian JJ, Matthews S, Scott D, Arunogiri S, Manning V, Taylor DA, Crossin R, Smith K, Lubman DI. The impact of legislation on acute synthetic cannabinoid harms resulting in ambulance attendance. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2020; 79:102720. [PMID: 32279004 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) have been challenging current drug policy due to the rapid emergence of new variants, and their propensity for acute harm. In Australia, as in other parts of the world, multiple regulatory changes have occurred in response to these new psychoactive compounds, and population surveys indicate use is declining. This suggests that related harms would also be declining. We examined the impact of drug legislative changes on acute SCRA-related harms resulting in ambulance attendance. Secondary aims were to describe patient and attendance characteristics. METHODS A retrospective analysis of coded ambulance attendance data from Victoria, Australia (January 2014-December 2018). Interrupted time-series was used to analyse the trajectories of SCRA-related attendances relative to legislative changes. RESULTS During the study period, 3727 SCRA-related ambulance attendances were identified. There was an upward trend in attendances following legislation scheduling specific SCRAs in Victoria in October 2016 (slope = 1.31, 95% CI 1.17, 1.45). A downward trend in attendances followed 'blanket' legislation targeting all new psychoactive substances, implemented in Victoria in November 2017 (slope = -1.87, 95% CI -2.27, -1.46). Patient median age was 33 years, 80.5% were male, co-occurring substance use was identified in 30.4% cases, and 15.2% had >1 SCRA-related attendance. Overall, 69.4% cases were transported to hospital, with the odds of transport to hospital increasing each year from 2016. CONCLUSION This study represents a population-level examination of the impact of drug policy on acute SCRA-related harms resulting in ambulance attendance. Scheduling of specific SCRAs was associated with a spike in attendances, likely due to the introduction of more harmful variants in the drug market. Blanket legislation was associated with a reduction in SCRA-related attendances, however, a corresponding increase in cases transported to hospital indicates a greater severity of harm that may have been inadvertently promoted by this policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Grigg
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Melbourne, Australia; Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Monash Addiction Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Jessica J Killian
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Melbourne, Australia; Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sharon Matthews
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Melbourne, Australia; Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Debbie Scott
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Melbourne, Australia; Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Monash Addiction Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shalini Arunogiri
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Melbourne, Australia; Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Monash Addiction Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Victoria Manning
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Melbourne, Australia; Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Monash Addiction Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Rose Crossin
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karen Smith
- Centre for Research and Evaluation, Ambulance Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Community Emergency Health and Paramedic Practice, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dan I Lubman
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Melbourne, Australia; Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Monash Addiction Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Lubman DI, Matthews S, Heilbronn C, Killian JJ, Ogeil RP, Lloyd B, Witt K, Crossin R, Smith K, Bosley E, Carney R, Wilson A, Eastham M, Keene T, Shipp C, Scott D. The National Ambulance Surveillance System: A novel method for monitoring acute alcohol, illicit and pharmaceutical drug related-harms using coded Australian ambulance clinical records. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228316. [PMID: 32004349 PMCID: PMC6994147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although harmful consumption of alcohol and other drugs (both illicit and pharmaceutical) significantly contribute to global burden of disease, not all harms are captured within existing morbidity data sources. Indeed, harms occurring in the community may be missed or under-reported. This paper describes the National Ambulance Surveillance System, a unique Australian system for monitoring and mapping acute harms related to alcohol and other drug consumption. Data are sourced from paramedic electronic patient care records provided by ambulance services from across Australia. Coding occurs in a purpose-built system, by a team of specialised research assistants. Alcohol, and specific illicit and pharmaceutical drugs, rather than broad drug classes, are manually coded and the dataset is reviewed and cleaned prior to analysis. The National Ambulance Surveillance System is an ongoing, dynamic surveillance system of alcohol and other drug-related harms across Australia. The data includes more than 140 output variables per attendance, including individual substances, demographics, temporal, geospatial, and clinical data (e.g., Glasgow Coma Scale score, naloxone provision and response, outcome of attendance). The National Ambulance Surveillance System is an internationally unique population-level surveillance system of acute harms arising from alcohol and other drug consumption. Dissemination of National Ambulance Surveillance System data has been used to inform and evaluate policy approaches and potential points of intervention, as well as guide workforce development needs and clinical practice at the local and national level. This methodology could be replicated in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan I. Lubman
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Addiction Research Centre, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sharon Matthews
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cherie Heilbronn
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica J. Killian
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rowan P. Ogeil
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Addiction Research Centre, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
| | - Belinda Lloyd
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katrina Witt
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Addiction Research Centre, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rose Crossin
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Addiction Research Centre, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen Smith
- Ambulance Victoria, Doncaster, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Community Emergency Health and Paramedic Practice, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emma Bosley
- Queensland Ambulance Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rosemary Carney
- New South Wales Ambulance, Rozelle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alex Wilson
- Ambulance Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Matthew Eastham
- St John Ambulance Australia (NT) Incorporated, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Toby Keene
- Australian Capital Territory Ambulance Service, Fairbairn, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Carol Shipp
- Australian Capital Territory Ambulance Service, Fairbairn, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Debbie Scott
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Addiction Research Centre, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
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Tran QN, Lambeth LG, Sanderson K, Graaff B, Breslin M, Tran V, Huckerby EJ, Neil AL. Trends of emergency department presentations with a mental health diagnosis by age, Australia, 2004–05 to 2016–17: A secondary data analysis. Emerg Med Australas 2019; 31:1064-1072. [DOI: 10.1111/1742-6723.13323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quang Nhat Tran
- Menzies Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Leonard G Lambeth
- Menzies Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Kristy Sanderson
- Menzies Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
- School of Health SciencesUniversity of East Anglia East Anglia UK
| | - Barbara Graaff
- Menzies Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Monique Breslin
- Menzies Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Viet Tran
- Emergency Department, Royal Hobart HospitalTasmanian Health Service Hobart Tasmania Australia
- School of Medicine, College of Health and MedicineUniversity of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Emma J Huckerby
- Emergency Department, Royal Hobart HospitalTasmanian Health Service Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Amanda L Neil
- Menzies Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
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