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Taylor N, Simpson M, Cox J, Ebbs P, Vanniasinkam T. Infection Prevention and Control Among Paramedics: A Scoping Review. Am J Infect Control 2024:S0196-6553(24)00575-3. [PMID: 38925500 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2024.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paramedics are exposed to many infectious diseases in their daily professional activities, leading to a high risk of transmitting infectious diseases to patients in out-of-hospital settings, and possibly leading to healthcare associated infections in hospitals and the community. The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has highlighted the importance of infection prevention and control in healthcare more broadly and the role of paramedics in infection control is considered even more critical. Despite this, in many countries such as Australia, research into infection prevention and control research has mainly been focused on in-hospital health care professionals with limited out-of-hospital studies. METHODS This scoping review was conducted based upon Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines to evaluate the literature relating to knowledge and awareness of infection prevention and control in paramedics in Australia and other countries. RESULTS/DISCUSSION Based upon the selection criteria applied, six papers were identified for inclusion in this review. In many studies reviewed, infection prevention and control was identified by paramedics as being important, however compliance with hand hygiene practices was low and most studies highlighting the need for more education and training on infectious disease for paramedics. CONCLUSION The current evidence suggests that paramedics have poor compliance with recommended IPC practices. The profession needs to improve IPC education, training, and culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Taylor
- School of Nursing, Paramedicine and Healthcare Sciences, Charles Sturt University, New South Wales, Australia; Queensland Ambulance Service, Queensland Government Department of Health, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Maree Simpson
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jennifer Cox
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Phillip Ebbs
- School of Nursing, Paramedicine and Healthcare Sciences, Charles Sturt University, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thiru Vanniasinkam
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, New South Wales, Australia
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Liu Y, Li Y, Yuan S, Ma W, Chen S, Wang LY. Risk Factors for Occupational Blood Exposure, Compliance with Policies of Infection Prevention and Control, and Costs Associated with Post Exposure Management Among Nursing Staff. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:1215-1228. [PMID: 38562405 PMCID: PMC10982068 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s451615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine the risk factors linked with occupational blood exposure (OBE) among nursing staff (NS), we pinpoint deficiencies in the compliance with policies of infection prevention and control, and assess the expenditures associated with infection prevention and control. Methods Healthcare workers that completed an "Occupational Blood Exposure Report Form" were divided into NS (observation) group and non-NS (control) group. Univariate and multivariable analyses were conducted to compare both groups in various aspects. We also explored design patents intended to minimize occupational exposure. Results The highest incidence of OBE was observed in the department of neurosurgery. Among NS, OBE incidence was found to be influenced by independent risk factors, such as gender, age, occupational title, work location, and incidence of sharps injuries. Protective factors against OBEs included the use of arterial blood gas needles and suture needles. Personal protective equipment (PPE) usage rates were low in both groups prior to OBEs (0.74% vs 0.00%, P > 0.05). Correct emergency management could be improved promptly by both groups following an OBE (P > 0.05). However, the observation group exhibited a higher proportion of blood expression after a sharps injury and a higher re-evaluation rate at 6 months post-exposure compared to the control group (P < 0.05). In 2018, the per capita costs of infection prevention and control for NS were the Chinese Yuan (RMB) 339.43 per individual. In response to these findings, two utility model patents have been authorized. Conclusion The risk and protective factors related to the occurrence of OBEs were investigated in this study, suggesting that there is a need for improvement in the rate of PPE usage and the re-evaluation rate of OBEs among NS. Additionally, focused training on emergency blood expression and compliance with policies among non-NS personnel is deemed necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Infection Control, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Infection Control, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Song Yuan
- Department of Infection Control, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Infection Control, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Infection Control, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Yi Wang
- Department of Infection Control, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
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Kikuchi Y, Kudo Y, Hasebe M, Sugiyama R, Muto R, Sasaki M. The reality of occupational harm incurred by Japanese home health care nurses, the hazardous situations they face, and protective measures: a cross-sectional study. J Occup Health 2024; 66:uiad010. [PMID: 38258941 PMCID: PMC11020251 DOI: 10.1093/joccuh/uiad010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To gain a comprehensive understanding of the occupational hazards encountered by home health care nurses in Japan and to elucidate the reality of harm they incur, the hazardous situations, and the protective measures taken. Methods:A questionnaire survey of managers of home health care nursing agencies in Japan was conducted, and 355 valid responses were obtained. The survey questions concerned the occupational hazards experienced by home health care nursing staff. The occupational hazards were classified into 6 categories, and responses were obtained regarding harm, hazardous situations, and protective measures in each category. Results: The types of harm that occurred at highest rates during the previous 3 years were emotional abuse by the patient or their family members, lower back pain resulting from improper posture while providing care, sexual harassment by the patients and their family members, automobile accidents while traveling to home care sites, and allergic reactions to the environment at home care sites. Some hazardous situations were caused by the unique environments of home care sites. Conclusions: In order to prevent the occurrence of harm, the development of risk assessment tools, educational initiatives to increase awareness of occupational hazards, and consideration of the financial and technical support that will enable the use of assistive devices in the practice of nursing techniques were considered necessary. The development of effective guidelines and manuals specific to the occupational hazards encountered by home health care nurses is an important challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Kikuchi
- Department of Nursing, Akita University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 010-8543, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita City, Akita, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kudo
- Department of Nursing, Akita University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 010-8543, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita City, Akita, Japan
| | | | - Reiko Sugiyama
- Department of Nursing, Akita University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 010-8543, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita City, Akita, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Muto
- Department of Nursing, Akita University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 010-8543, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita City, Akita, Japan
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Shi C, Cleofas JV. Student nurses' perceptions and experiences in caring for people living with HIV/AIDS: a qualitative study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:99. [PMID: 36750808 PMCID: PMC9906868 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04074-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caring for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) requires clinical experience and quality care delivery skills. This study aimed to explore the perceptions and experiences of nursing students in caring for PLWHAs. METHODS This qualitative descriptive study interviewed 18 student nurses who had cared for PLWHAs from 14 tertiary hospitals across 7 provinces in China through semi-structured telephone interviews. RESULTS Two themes emerged from the narratives: student nurses' perceptions and attitudes toward PLWHAs and student nurses' practical experiences with PLWHAs. Five theme clusters were revealed, namely "negative attitudes held before the care-giving," "a series of psychological struggles in care-giving," "favorable attitudes increased after the care-giving," "consensus on care delivery for PLWHAs," and "considerations regarding contamination reduction." CONCLUSIONS Findings shed light on the development and changes in student nurses' perspectives on PLWHAs throughout their clinical experiences. Student nurses' perceptions and attitudes toward PLWHAs progressed through three distinct stages, and positive changes were observed after care-giving. Participants' perceptions and practical experiences with patients with AIDS enable patients to receive fair and high-quality care and provide valuable insights for nursing educators better prepare HIV nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Shi
- School of Nursing, XiangNan University, Chenzhou, 423000, China
- College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, St. Paul University Manila, 1004, Manila, Philippines
| | - Jerome V Cleofas
- Department of Sociology and Behavioral Sciences, De La Salle University, 1004, Manila, Philippines.
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Ivanović S, Trgovčević S, Jovanović MC, Kocić B, Milutinović S. The Cross-Sectional Study of attitudes towards risk factors of viral infections transmitted by blood-borne pathogens. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2023; 57:e20220097. [PMID: 37011285 PMCID: PMC10081622 DOI: 10.1590/1980-220x-reeusp-2022-0097en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this paper was threefold: To assess risk factors of blood-borne pathogen exposure and viral infection for employees at their workplace, to spot the differences between groups of respondents without exposure and those exposed to blood-borne infections, and to identify main risk predictors. METHOD The Cross-Sectional Study was conducted, surveying 203 employees, at the Institute for Emergency Medical Services in Serbia, which were eligible to enter the study and surveyed by Previously Developed Questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 97.60% of respondents have perceived risk at their workplace, but there were low numbers of HIV, HbcAg, and Anti-HCV testing and poor percent of vaccination for hepatitis B. There were no statistically significant differences between spotted groups of respondents in their attitudes. Three variables were predictors: accidental usedneedle stick injuries (OR = 90.34; 95% CI, 8.79-928.03), contact with the blood of patientsthrough the skin (OR = 176.94; 95% CI, 24.95-1254.61), and the years of service (OR = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.86-1.00). CONCLUSION The significance of this study is that it points to a double risk, because not only health workers are endangered, but also citizens who receive first aid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunčica Ivanović
- College of Applied Health Sciences Ćuprija, Public health, Ćuprija, Republic of Serbia
| | - Sanja Trgovčević
- College of Applied Health Sciences Ćuprija, Public health, Ćuprija, Republic of Serbia
| | | | - Biljana Kocić
- University of Niš, Faculty of Medicine Niš, Narrow scientific field Infectivity and Epidemiology, Ćuprija, Republic of Serbia
| | - Suzana Milutinović
- College of Applied Health Sciences Ćuprija, Public health, Ćuprija, Republic of Serbia
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Ardiani EL, Hartono RK. Development of an infectious disease prevention behavior model for public health center workers in a rural area of Indonesia. J Public Health Afr 2022. [PMID: 37497147 PMCID: PMC10367035 DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2022.2405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Infection Prevention Behavior (IPB) for health personnel at the Surade Public Health Center has not reached the target. The purpose of this study was to develop the IPB model for health personnel which is suitable to be applied in rural areas in Indonesia. The model was developed through a literature review from online journal database in the last 10 years. The model was tested using a cross-sectional design by the Structural Equation Model Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). Six selected variables had direct and indirect influences on the IPB of health personnel. They were supervision (27.50%), facilities (9.87%), training (10.44%), compensation (16.97%), work climate (10.78%), and work motivation (8.15%). The model was valid and significant. The Q2 showed 95.7% which mean 95.7% of the components in the model could be applied to other Public Health Centers in the rural area. The development of IPB models for health personnel which wass measured from the direct and indirect effects of six variables proved valid and significant to help achievement Public Health Center reach the target of protecting health workers from infectious diseases.
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Yuan H, Shi R, Chen W, Ma Y, Liu Z, Liu F, Yang J. Evaluating occupational exposures of dental nurses: A retrospective study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1010531. [PMID: 36466496 PMCID: PMC9708719 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1010531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to investigate occupational blood-borne pathogen exposure among dental nurses and their attitudes toward infected patients, as well as the effectiveness of the training course, to provide a scientific basis for improving the quality of safety management in the dental hospital. Materials and methods The study was conducted using questionnaires administered from November 2019 to December 2019 in three hospitals in Sichuan Province, China. Frequencies for answers were calculated and presented as percentages. Results In total, 257 valid questionnaires were returned. Most (61.9%) nurses stated that they were involved in occupational exposure. Among them, 154 had experienced sharp injuries, and the syringe needle was the most common instrument for injuries (45.8%). Twenty-two individuals had mucosal exposure, and the proportion of eye exposure was the highest (90.9%). Only associations between training and mucosal membrane exposure were found; however, the relevance was weak (r = 0.141). Of the participants, 86.4% felt morally responsible for taking care of patients with infectious diseases, and most (92.6%) said they would continue with this career. Conclusion Occupational exposure, particularly to sharp injuries, was common in medical care among dental nurses; however, vocational training had little effect on their incidence. As dental nurses still have positive attitudes toward patients with infectious diseases, more effective training should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Chengdu Workers' Sanatorium of Sichuan Federation of Trade Unions, North Branch of Health Management Center of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Chengdu Workers' Sanatorium of Sichuan Federation of Trade Unions, North Branch of Health Management Center of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Nursing, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Fan Liu
| | - Jingmei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Jingmei Yang
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Zhang L, Li Q, Guan L, Fan L, Li Y, Zhang Z, Yuan S. Prevalence and influence factors of occupational exposure to blood and body fluids in registered Chinese nurses: a national cross-sectional study. BMC Nurs 2022; 21:298. [PMID: 36333812 PMCID: PMC9636689 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-022-01090-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids poses a threat to medical providers and to nurses especially. This harm is not only physical, but psychology as well and can ultimately impact patient safety. This study aims to understand the prevalence of occupational exposure to blood and body fluids among Chinese registered nurses and explores the factors that influence this exposure. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was conducted for 31 province-level divisions in China, using a self-created questionnaire entitled Status Survey on Occupational Exposure in Nurses. Descriptive statistics were used to describe both the demographic characteristics of the respondents and the characteristics of occupational exposure. Categorical variables were presented as frequencies and percentage, and the relationship between possible influential factors and the occurrence of occupational exposure was determined using binary logistic regression. Results Out of a total of 20,791 nurses analyzed, over half (52.1%) of them had experienced occupational exposure to blood or body fluids, but over 1/3 (34.6%) of them did not ever report their exposures to a supervisor/official. The top three causes of under-reporting were: the source patient failed to test positive for infectious pathogens (43.6%), perception of a burdensome reporting process (24.6%), and indifferent attitude towards being infected (16.9%). Nurses who worked over 8 hours per day had higher risks of exposure (OR 1.199, 95% CI 1.130 to 1.272, P < 0.001, respectively). The occupational exposure risk from providing 1–2 types of PPE is 1.947 times that of providing 9–10 types of PPE (OR 1.947, 95% CI 1.740 to 2.178, P < 0.001). Likewise, the occupational exposure risk of providing 1–2 types of safety-engineered injection devices is 1.275 times of that of providing 5–6 types (OR 1.275, 95% CI 1.179 to 1.379, P < 0.001). Conclusions Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids in registered nurses is common, but the rate of under-reporting such exposure is high. Implementing engineered “sharp” injury prevention devices, following exposure prevention procedures, giving sufficient education and training to healthcare personnel on exposure prevention and control, and developing exposure reporting policies are all steps that can both reduce exposure and increase its reporting. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12912-022-01090-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Zhang
- grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Teaching and Research Section of Clinical Nursing, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008 China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 China
| | - Qi Li
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 China
| | - Ling Guan
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 China
| | - Lu Fan
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 China
| | - Yunxia Li
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 China
| | - Zhiyun Zhang
- grid.413996.00000 0004 0369 5549Nursing Department, Beijing Ditan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015 China
| | - Sue Yuan
- grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Teaching and Research Section of Clinical Nursing, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008 China
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Tejada-Pérez JJ, Herrera-Burgos MR, Parrón-Carreño T, Alarcón-Rodríguez R. Biohazard Accidents, Harmful Elements to the Wellness of Healthcare Workers, and Their Risk Factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13214. [PMID: 36293794 PMCID: PMC9603502 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For healthcare personnel, biohazard accidents pose a significant risk to their health. These exposures can enable the transmission of pathogens such as Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). OBJECTIVE To indicate and quantify the risk associated with higher threatening situations, such as biohazard accidents on repeated occasions or incorrect notifications to injured healthcare professionals. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Poniente Hospital in Almeria (Spain). In total, 592 participants reported 1062 accidents and their characteristics and notifications were analyzed. RESULTS It was found that women (OR = 1.29) working in the surgical area (OR = 2.92), those on indefinite contracts (OR = 1.67), and those with high work experience (OR = 1.14) were the main risk factors for multiple biohazard accidents. Concerning the incorrect notification of these accidents, the main risk factors were work performance during the afternoon shift (OR = 1.72) and the fact that the accident was caused by the injured worker himself (OR = 1.53). CONCLUSIONS This study outlined the main factors that can contribute to healthcare professionals suffering these accidents. As a result, corrective measures must be taken against these risk factors to improve safety for healthcare workers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José Tejada-Pérez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120 La Cañada, Spain
- Occupational Health Service, Poniente Hospital Entrepreneurial Public Health Agency, Ctra. Almerimar, 31, 04700 El Ejido, Spain
| | - María Renée Herrera-Burgos
- Occupational Health Service, Poniente Hospital Entrepreneurial Public Health Agency, Ctra. Almerimar, 31, 04700 El Ejido, Spain
| | - Tesifón Parrón-Carreño
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120 La Cañada, Spain
| | - Raquel Alarcón-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120 La Cañada, Spain
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Alsabaani A, Alqahtani NSS, Alqahtani SSS, Al-Lugbi JHJ, Asiri MAS, Salem SEE, Alasmari AA, Mahmood SE, Alalyani M. Incidence, Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Toward Needle Stick Injury Among Health Care Workers in Abha City, Saudi Arabia. Front Public Health 2022; 10:771190. [PMID: 35237546 PMCID: PMC8882610 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.771190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A needle stick injury is a serious occupational health hazard in health care settings. Health care workers are at risk of bloodborne diseases and the psychological consequences of these injuries. This study aims to estimate the incidence of needle stick injuries among healthcare workers during the previous 12 months and to assess their knowledge, attitude, and practice toward these injuries. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st August 2019 till 15th February 2020, and included 786 healthcare workers in Abha city, Saudi Arabia. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Results The incidence of needle stick injury among healthcare workers during the previous 12 months was (91/786) 11.57%. Nurses, females, and Saudis reported most needle stick injuries. More than half (52.7%) of the injuries went unreported. About 52.7% of needle stick injuries occurred during using sharp devices, and 42.9% of injuries happened in the patient room. The incidence of needle stick injury was significantly higher among those working at the secondary healthcare level (p = 0.003) and those practicing surgery (p < 0.001). Out of 786 participants, 94.7% knew the definition of needle stick injury, and 81.0% were aware of the procedure and guidelines to follow on sustaining a needle stick injury. Only 61.2% recognized that the recap of the needle is not recommended. Almost half of the participants (47.1%) agreed, and 33.6% strongly agreed that needle stick injury is preventable. A majority of healthcare workers (89.1%) had been vaccinated against Hepatitis B. Nearly 27.5% of healthcare workers incorrectly practiced recapping the needles with two hands and 8.7% bent needles before disposal. Recapping the needles was statistically significantly higher among healthcare workers who had a history of needle stick injury (p = 0. 046). Conclusion Needle stick injury and its under reporting among healthcare professionals is still a prevalent risk. Raising awareness among healthcare workers and improving the reporting systems for needle stick injuries to ensure more protection and early use of post-exposure prophylaxis is required. Implementation of safety precautions and safe injection practices and providing engineered safety devices may further reduce the risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alsabaani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Malak Ali Saleh Asiri
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Abha Maternity and Pediatric Hospital, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ali Ahmed Alasmari
- The Residency Program for Saudi Board in Community Medicine, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Esam Mahmood
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Syed Esam Mahmood
| | - Mesheil Alalyani
- College of Nursing, King Khalid University, Khamis Mushait, Saudi Arabia
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Mashallahi A, Rahmani F, Gholizadeh L, Ostadtaghizadeh A. Nurses' experience of caring for people living with HIV: a focused ethnography. Int Nurs Rev 2021; 68:318-327. [PMID: 33969882 DOI: 10.1111/inr.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare providers have been found to have limited knowledge and skills in interacting with people living with HIV. These factors can adversely affect providers' practice, jeopardize their safety and compromise the care of the patients. AIMS This study aimed to explore the experiences of Iranian nurses who were caring for patients with HIV. METHODS A focused ethnography approach was used. Participants consisted of 12 nurses working in teaching hospitals affiliated to Urmia University of Medical Sciences and recruited by purposeful sampling. Semi-structured interviews, field observations and field notes were used for data collection. Data were analysed employing content analysis. FINDINGS Three main themes emerged from the analysis of the participants' experiences of providing care to patients with HIV: 'excessive fear of being infected', 'concerns about the possible consequences' and 'lack of self-confidence in care provision'. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Nurses have experienced a great deal of fear of self and cross-contamination when providing care to people living with HIV. Social stigma and discrimination against people living with HIV amplified the nurses' experience of fear. Providing appropriate education and training for nurses can improve their attitudes, emotions and self-confidence while providing care to such people and increasing the quality of care provided. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY Planning more educational programmes focusing on improving their misunderstandings about HIV could result in positive outcomes: for nurses to provide high-quality care and for people living with HIV who receive this care. The healthcare system should consider the culture of care provided by nurses to these people.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mashallahi
- School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Rahmani
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - L Gholizadeh
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - A Ostadtaghizadeh
- Department of Disaster Public Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mohsen F, Shibani M, Ibrahim N, Alhourani G, Melhem S, Alzabibi MA, Ismail H, Bakr A, Turkmani K, Sawaf B. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding HIV, HBV, and HCV Among Medical Students of Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syria. INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY OF COMMUNITY HEALTH EDUCATION 2021; 43:161-170. [PMID: 33823689 DOI: 10.1177/0272684x211004923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and HIV/AIDS are infections that constitute major health concerns impacting national health systems worldwide. This is the first study to determine Syrian medical students' attitudes, awareness and knowledge of HIV/HBV/HCV, regarding general knowledge about, clinical features, transmission, and prevention. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted at Syrian Private University on World AIDs Day (1/12/2019), Damascus, during the Syrian war crisis. Data were collected through self-administered surveys which targeted social demographic information, general knowledge, attitude, towards HBV, HCV, HIV. Data were divided and analysed according to the source of information, study year, marital status, and GPA using one-way analysis of variance to assess the level of knowledge. RESULTS Of 317 respondents, the majority (59.8%) were males with age ranging from 18 to 30 years of age. . The majority of students 188(59.3%) showed an average level of knowledge, 73(23%) showed a good level of knowledge. This study revealed adequate knowledge. However there were misconceptions regarding transmission pathways. The majority 173(54.6%) had a positive attitude, and 144(45.4%) had a neutral attitude, while none had a negative attitude towards HIV/HBV/HCV infected individuals. Clinical year students (mean 73.0%, SD ± 10.0%) demonstrated higher levels of awareness compared to pre-clinical students (mean 39.7%, SD ± 13.0%). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that medical students have adequate knowledge regarding HIV/HBV/HCV. Medical students play a pivotal role in raising awareness and disseminating knowledge among the community, thus more effort should be concentrated on developing educational programs to limit the risks of such infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatema Mohsen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Mosa Shibani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Nazir Ibrahim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Ghaith Alhourani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Sara Melhem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Mhd Amin Alzabibi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Hlma Ismail
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Aliaa Bakr
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syria
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oncology Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Khaled Turkmani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syria
- AL Kalamoon General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Damascus, Syria
| | - Bisher Sawaf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syria
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon
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Wang D, Ye Y, Zheng Q. Cost of Blood and Body Fluid Occupational Exposure Management in Beijing, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E4192. [PMID: 32545465 PMCID: PMC7345934 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
(1) Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the cost of blood and body fluid (BBF) occupational exposure management in healthcare facilities in Beijing, China. (2) Methods: A survey was conducted from August to October 2018, seeking general information concerning the management of occupational exposure to BBF and the cost of the management process. In total, 216 healthcare facilities were surveyed, using a stratified-selection method. The collected information included BBF management protocols, direct costs such as laboratory testing fees, drug costs and medical service fees, as well as indirect costs, such as wages, lost working time, injury compensation, and psychological counseling time. (3) Results: The cost of post-BBF exposure management varied according to the infection status of the exposure source patients, the immune status of exposed employees, and the location and level of healthcare facilities. The mean values of management cost were determined to be hepatitis B (HBV)-positive source (RMB 5936/USD 897), hepatitis C (HCV)-positive source (RMB 5738/USD 867), Treponema pallidum (TP)-positive source (RMB 4508/USD 681), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive source (RMB 12,709/USD 1920), and unknown sources (RMB 7441/USD 1124). The survey also revealed that some healthcare facilities have insufficient post-exposure management. (4) Conclusions: A better post-exposure management system is needed in Beijing to reduce both infection risk after exposure and costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daifang Wang
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
- Center for Pharmaceutical Information and Engineering Research, Engineering School, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yan Ye
- Department of Occupational Health, Beijing Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
- Center for Pharmaceutical Information and Engineering Research, Engineering School, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Akpuh N, Ajayi I, Adebowale A, Idris Suleiman H, Nguku P, Dalhat M, Adedire E. Occupational exposure to HIV among healthcare workers in PMTCT sites in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:451. [PMID: 32252704 PMCID: PMC7132882 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08528-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rivers State is among the states with high HIV prevalence in Nigeria. Occupational exposure to HIV through blood or body fluids of HIV/AIDS patients is a recognised risk factor of HIV infections among healthcare workers. We identified the determinants of occupational exposures to HIV among healthcare workers in Prevention of Maternal to Child Transmission (PMTCT) sites within Port Harcourt metropolis in Rivers State. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted and multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 341 healthcare providers from 22 public and 22 private health facilities in PMTCT sites in Port Harcourt metropolis. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square and logistic regression models (p-value = 0.05). Results Respondents’ mean age was 35.9 ± SD8.4 years, 270 (80.1%) and 171(50.7%) were females, and from public health facilities respectively. Prevalence of occupational exposure of healthcare workers to HIV in the past 12 months was 153 (45.0%), and 96 (63.3%) experienced such exposure more than once. Contacts with potentially infectious body fluid accounted for the largest proportion 51 (33.3%); followed by needle stick prick 49 (32.6%). About 189 (56.1%) had safety information at their disposal and this serves as a reminder on safety precautions. The likelihood of occupational exposure was significantly higher among doctors (AOR = 2.22, 95% C.I = 1.16–4.25,) but lower among environmental health workers (AOR = 0.10, 95% C.I = 0.02–0.46,) than nurses/midwives when other factors were included in the model. Conclusion Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids remains a frequent occurrence among healthcare workers; highest among doctors in PMTCT sites in the study area. Provision of protective safety materials, training and enforcement of adherence to universal precaution strategies are highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ndubuisi Akpuh
- Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program (NFELTP), 50 Haile Selassie Street, Asokoro, Abuja, Nigeria.
| | - IkeOluwapo Ajayi
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ayo Adebowale
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Patrick Nguku
- Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program (NFELTP), 50 Haile Selassie Street, Asokoro, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Mahmood Dalhat
- Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program (NFELTP), 50 Haile Selassie Street, Asokoro, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Elizabeth Adedire
- Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program (NFELTP), 50 Haile Selassie Street, Asokoro, Abuja, Nigeria
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