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Lee J, Baek HS, Jo K, Kim MH, Lee JM, Chang SA, Lim DJ. The Impact of Physical Activity on Thyroid Health: Insights From Representative Data in Korea. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024:dgae178. [PMID: 38620035 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Thyroid hormones are essential for energy metabolism related to thermogenesis and oxygen consumption. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the potential association of thyroid function including thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) with physical activity in nationally representative data. DESIGN/SETTING/PARTICIPANTS This retrospective cohort study used data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2013 and 2015. Physical activity (PA) was assessed using metabolic equivalents based on the validated Korean version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form. PA level was categorized into 3 groups of high, moderate, and low. Participants with abnormal thyroid function test, restricted activity, or previous history of thyroid disease were excluded in the study. RESULTS A total of 5372 participants was finally selected. The free T4 level was lowest in the low PA group, while TSH was not significantly different among the groups. TPOAb titers increased in the following order: moderate PA, low PA, and high PA. After adjustment for confounding factors, moderate PA was associated with a high T4 level and a decrease in TSH and TPOAb with significance. However, there were no significant changes in free T4, TSH, or TPOAb titer in the high PA group. In a subanalysis, females with moderate PA showed a significant decrease in TSH and TPOAb. In both males and females, insulin sensitivity was increased with moderate PA. In obese participants, TSH negatively correlated with PA, and free T4 levels decreased in the low PA. The sensitivity to thyroid hormone did not differ in our study. CONCLUSION The present study found an association between thyroid function and moderate PA. Therefore, moderate-intensity PA should be recommended to improve thyroid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmin Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 03312, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Sang Baek
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanhoon Jo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, 21431, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Hee Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 03312, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 03312, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ah Chang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 03312, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jun Lim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
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Ofosu EF, De Nys L, Connelly J, Ryde GC, Whittaker AC. A realist evaluation of the feasibility of a randomised controlled trial of a digital music and movement intervention for older people living in care homes. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:125. [PMID: 36879201 PMCID: PMC9987360 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-03794-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low physical activity in care home residents brings about negative mental health consequences, such as higher levels of depression and loneliness. With advancements in communication technology, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, the feasibility and effectiveness of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of a digital Physical Activity (PA) resource in care homes deserve more research attention. A realist evaluation was used to uncover influencing factors of a feasibility study implementation to inform how a digital music and movement programme would work and under what circumstances this would be most effective. METHODS Participants were 49 older adults (aged 65 years +) recruited across ten care homes in Scotland. Surveys were administered at baseline and post-intervention comprising psychometric questionnaires on multidimensional health markers validated in older adults with possible cognitive impairment. The intervention comprised 12 weeks of four prescribed digitally delivered movement (n = 3) and music-only (n = 1) sessions per week. An activity coordinator delivered these online resources in the care home. Post-intervention focus groups with staff and interviews with a sub-sample of participants were conducted to gain qualitative data on the acceptability of the intervention. RESULTS Thirty three care home residents started the intervention, but only 18 residents (84% female) completed both pre- and post-intervention assessments. Activity coordinators (AC) offered 57% of the prescribed sessions, with an average residents' adherence of 60%. Delivery of the intervention did not go as planned due to Covid restrictions in care homes and delivery challenges, including (1) motivation and engagement, (2) changes in cognitive impairment and disabilities of the participants, (3) death or hospitalisation of the participants and (4) limited staffing and technology resources to deliver the programme as intended. Despite this, group participation and encouragement of residents supported the delivery and acceptance of the intervention, with ACs and residents reporting improved mood, physical health, job satisfaction and social support. Improvements with large effect sizes were found for anxiety, depression, loneliness, perceived stress and sleep satisfaction, but no changes in fear of falling, domains of general health or appetite. CONCLUSION This realist evaluation suggested that this digitally delivered movement and music intervention is feasible. From the findings, the initial programme theory was refined for future implementation of an RCT in other care homes but future research exploring how to tailor the intervention to those with cognitive impairment and/or lacking capacity to consent is needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION Retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05559203.
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Affiliation(s)
- E F Ofosu
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK4 9LA, Scotland, UK
| | - L De Nys
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK4 9LA, Scotland, UK
| | - J Connelly
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK4 9LA, Scotland, UK
| | - G C Ryde
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - A C Whittaker
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK4 9LA, Scotland, UK.
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Lopes AM, Rios M, Beleza J, Carvalho DD, Monteiro S, Montanha T, Martins S, Guimarães JT, Fernandes RJ, Magalhães J, Teixeira VH, Ascensão A. Adding protein to a carbohydrate pre-exercise beverage does not influence running performance and metabolism. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2023; 63:53-59. [PMID: 35415998 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.22.13714-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To analyze whether pre-exercise CHO+PRO vs. CHO intake distinctly influences running performance and metabolic biomarkers along a various of exercise intensities. METHODS In a randomized, double blind, counterbalanced, crossover and placebo control design, 10 middle distance runners were tested in 3 occasions. After 10 h of fasting, participants ingested isovolumic beverages (0.75+0.25g·BW-1 of CHO+PRO, 1.0g·BW-1 of CHO and placebo control) 30 min before a treadmill running incremental protocol of 4 min steps until exhaustion. Venous blood was collected at fasting, 30 min after beverage ingestion and after the 3rd and 7th running steps. Oxygen uptake-related variables, including respiratory exchange ratio, heart rate, plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon, free fatty acids, blood lactate concentrations, gastrointestinal discomfort and rate of perceived exertion were measured. RESULTS The addition of PRO to CHO had no influence on the measured variables, which did not differ between conditions along all incremental protocol intensities. The intake of CHO+PRO (compared to CHO) tended to decrease glycemia (106.5±21.3 vs. 113.6±26.5) and to increase insulinemia (14.4±15.1 vs. 12.7±10.8) at intensities close to maximum oxygen uptake. CONCLUSIONS The addition of PRO to a pre-exercise CHO beverage had no impact on running performance and related metabolic variables at a wide spectrum of exercise intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Lopes
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal - .,Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal -
| | - Manoel Rios
- Center of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2 D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Beleza
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diogo D Carvalho
- Center of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2 D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Monteiro
- Center of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2 D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago Montanha
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Martins
- Department of Clinical Pathology, São João Hospital Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João T Guimarães
- Department of Clinical Pathology, São João Hospital Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo J Fernandes
- Center of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2 D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Magalhães
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vitor H Teixeira
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Ascensão
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Arifin H, Chou KR, Ibrahim K, Fitri SUR, Pradipta RO, Rias YA, Sitorus N, Wiratama BS, Setiawan A, Setyowati S, Kuswanto H, Mediarti D, Rosnani R, Sulistini R, Pahria T. Analysis of Modifiable, Non-Modifiable, and Physiological Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Diseases in Indonesia: Evidence from the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Research. J Multidiscip Healthc 2022; 15:2203-2221. [PMID: 36213176 PMCID: PMC9532265 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s382191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hidayat Arifin
- Department of Medical and Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Correspondence: Hidayat Arifin, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang, KM. 21, Hegarmanah, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia, Tel +62 811 3194 433, Email
| | - Kuei-Ru Chou
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kusman Ibrahim
- Department of Medical and Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Siti Ulfah Rifa’atul Fitri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Rifky Octavia Pradipta
- Department of Fundamental Nursing Care, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Yohanes Andy Rias
- Department of Medical and Surgical Nursing, Institut Ilmu Kesehatan Bhakti Wiyata Kediri, Kediri, Indonesia
| | - Nikson Sitorus
- Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Bayu Satria Wiratama
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Agus Setiawan
- Department of Community Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Setyowati Setyowati
- Department of Maternity Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Heri Kuswanto
- Department of Statistics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Devi Mediarti
- Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Palembang, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - Rosnani Rosnani
- Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Palembang, Palembang, Indonesia
| | | | - Tuti Pahria
- Department of Medical and Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
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Physical Activity Influences Cortisol and Dehydroepiandrosterone (Sulfate) Levels in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Aging Phys Act 2022; 31:330-351. [PMID: 35981715 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2021-0501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Age-related changes affect the ratio between two steroid hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (sulfate) (DHEA[S]). Physical activity (PA) may buffer the effects of chronic stress and counteract the aging decline of DHEA(S). Therefore, a systematic review was conducted to understand how PA influences physiological markers of cortisol and/or DHEA(S) and whether there is a difference in observational associations or experimental effects in older adults aged 65 years and older. A narrative synthesis was performed on nine observational studies, and meta-analyses were performed on 22 randomized controlled trials. There was low- to moderate-quality evidence that regular PA beneficially reduces cortisol and increases DHEA(S) levels. Subgroup analyses showed no clinically important differences between men and women, different exercise modalities, or health states. The findings cautiously suggest that regular PA of older adults' own choice that they find enjoyable could be recommended to improve cortisol and/or DHEA(S) levels.
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Memon AA, Catiul C, Irwin Z, Pilkington J, Memon RA, Joop A, Wood KH, Cutter G, Bamman M, Miocinovic S, Amara AW. Effects of exercise on sleep spindles in Parkinson's disease. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2022; 3:952289. [PMID: 36188974 PMCID: PMC9397800 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2022.952289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background In a randomized, controlled trial, we showed that high-intensity rehabilitation, combining resistance training and body-weight interval training, improves sleep efficiency in Parkinson's disease (PD). Quantitative sleep EEG (sleep qEEG) features, including sleep spindles, are altered in aging and in neurodegenerative disease. Objective The objective of this post-hoc analysis was to determine the effects of exercise, in comparison to a sleep hygiene, no-exercise control group, on the quantitative characteristics of sleep spindle morphology in PD. Methods We conducted an exploratory post-hoc analysis of 24 PD participants who were randomized to exercise (supervised 3 times/week for 16 weeks) versus 26 PD participants who were assigned to a sleep hygiene, no-exercise control group. At baseline and post-intervention, all participants completed memory testing and underwent polysomnography (PSG). PSG-derived sleep EEG central leads (C3 and C4) were manually inspected, with rejection of movement and electrical artifacts. Sleep spindle events were detected based on the following parameters: (1) frequency filter = 11–16 Hz, (2) event duration = 0.5–3 s, and (3) amplitude threshold 75% percentile. We then calculated spindle morphological features, including density and amplitude. These characteristics were computed and averaged over non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep stages N2 and N3 for the full night and separately for the first and second halves of the recording. Intervention effects on these features were analyzed using general linear models with group x time interaction. Significant interaction effects were evaluated for correlations with changes in performance in the memory domain. Results A significant group x time interaction effect was observed for changes in sleep spindle density due to exercise compared to sleep hygiene control during N2 and N3 during the first half of the night, with a moderate effect size. This change in spindle density was positively correlated with changes in performance on memory testing in the exercise group. Conclusions This study is the first to demonstrate that high-intensity exercise rehabilitation has a potential role in improving sleep spindle density in PD and leading to better cognitive performance in the memory domain. These findings represent a promising advance in the search for non-pharmacological treatments for this common and debilitating non-motor symptom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeel Ali Memon
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Corina Catiul
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Zachary Irwin
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jennifer Pilkington
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Raima A. Memon
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Allen Joop
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Kimberly H. Wood
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Psychology, Samford University, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Gary Cutter
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Marcas Bamman
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, United States
| | | | - Amy W. Amara
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Correspondence: Amy W. Amara
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Bock PM, Monteiro RB, Berlanda G, Casali KR, Schaan BD. Maintenance of plasma glucose variability after an acute session of aerobic exercise despite changes in insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 levels in type 2 diabetes. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2022; 66:2359-3997000000482. [PMID: 35612843 PMCID: PMC9832849 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective The present study aimed to evaluate glucose variability and hormonal responses during and after an aerobic exercise session performed after breakfast in type 2 diabetes patients treated with metformin. Methods In this quasi-experimental study individuals underwent clinical and laboratory evaluations and maximal exercise test. After two weeks an aerobic exercise session (30 minutes at 60%-70% of the peak heart rate) was performed. At rest, during and after the exercise session, glucose variability (mean amplitude glucose excursions, glucose coefficient of variation, and glucose standard deviation) and levels of plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon, and glucagon-like-peptide-1 were evaluated. Results Thirteen patients were enrolled in the study. Plasma glucose increased at 15 minutes during the exercise session (244.6 ± 61.9 mg/dL), and decreased at 60 min after exercise (195.6 ± 50.0 mg/dL). Glucose variability did not show any difference before and after exercise. Insulin levels at 15 min [27.1 μU/mL (14.2-42.1)] and 30 min [26.3 μU/mL (14.6-37.4)] during the exercise were higher than those at fasting [11.2 μU/mL (6.7-14.9)] but decreased 60 minutes after exercise (90 minutes) [16.6 μU/mL (8.7-31.7)]. Glucagon levels did not show any difference. GLP-1 levels increased at 30 min [7.9 pmol/L (7.1-9.2)] during exercise and decreased 60 min after exercise (90 minutes) [7.7 pmol/L (6.8-8.5)]. Conclusion Subjects with type 2 diabetes presented expected changes in insulin, glucagon and GLP-1 levels after breakfast and a single aerobic exercise session, not accompanied by glycemic variability changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Martins Bock
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fisiopatologia do Exercício, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Faculdades Integradas de Taquara, Taquara, RS, Brasil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas - Endocrinologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil,
| | - Raíssa Borges Monteiro
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fisiopatologia do Exercício, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Gabriela Berlanda
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas - Endocrinologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Karina Rabello Casali
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia, São José dos Campos, SP, Brasil
| | - Beatriz D Schaan
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fisiopatologia do Exercício, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas - Endocrinologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Cardiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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Kassab A, Rizk N, Prakash S. The Role of Systemic Filtrating Organs in Aging and Their Potential in Rejuvenation Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084338. [PMID: 35457154 PMCID: PMC9025381 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in aging studies brought about by heterochronic parabiosis suggest that aging might be a reversable process that is affected by changes in the systemic milieu of organs and cells. Given the broadness of such a systemic approach, research to date has mainly questioned the involvement of “shared organs” versus “circulating factors”. However, in the absence of a clear understanding of the chronological development of aging and a unified platform to evaluate the successes claimed by specific rejuvenation methods, current literature on this topic remains scattered. Herein, aging is assessed from an engineering standpoint to isolate possible aging potentiators via a juxtaposition between biological and mechanical systems. Such a simplification provides a general framework for future research in the field and examines the involvement of various factors in aging. Based on this simplified overview, the kidney as a filtration organ is clearly implicated, for the first time, with the aging phenomenon, necessitating a re-evaluation of current rejuvenation studies to untangle the extent of its involvement and its possible role as a potentiator in aging. Based on these findings, the review concludes with potential translatable and long-term therapeutics for aging while offering a critical view of rejuvenation methods proposed to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Kassab
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2BA, Canada
| | - Nasser Rizk
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences-QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Satya Prakash
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2BA, Canada
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Peila R, Chlebowski RT, Ballinger TJ, Kamensky V, Richey PA, Saquib N, Shadyab AH, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Rohan TE. Physical activity and risk of benign proliferative epithelial disorders of the breast, in the Women's Health Initiative. Int J Epidemiol 2022; 50:1948-1958. [PMID: 34999850 PMCID: PMC9020476 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyab113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recreational physical activity (PA) has been shown to be inversely associated with breast cancer risk. However, the association of recreational PA with benign proliferative epithelial disorders (BPED) of the breast, conditions associated with increased risk of breast cancer, has not been adequately studied. METHODS We used data from an ancillary study of benign breast disease conducted among the 68 132 postmenopausal women (aged 50-79 at recruitment) participating in the Women's Health Initiative randomized clinical trials. All clinical trial participants underwent annual or biennial mammogram screening. During the follow-up, for women who reported breast biopsies but were cancer free, the associated histological sections were obtained and subjected to standardized central pathology review. Self-reported recreational PA at baseline (n = 61 684) and at 3 years of the follow-up (n = 55 923) were quantified as metabolic equivalents [MET]-h/week. There were 1624 confirmed BPED cases during an average follow-up time of 7.7 years. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Higher average PA over 4 years was associated with lower risk of non-atypical BPED (P-trend = 0.02). There was a 6% lower risk of non-atypical BPED for every 5 MET-h/week increase between baseline and year 3 (HR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.89-0.99). Compared with women who remained inactive (PAbaseline and PAyear3 <9 MET-h/week), those who became active (PAbaseline<9 MET-h/week to PAyear3 ≥9 MET-h/weekee), remained active (PAbaseline and PAyear3 ≥9 MET-h/week), or decreased activity (PAbaseline ≥9 MET-h/week to PAyear3 <9 MET-h/week) had lower BPED risk. CONCLUSIONS Recreational physical activity after menopause was associated with lower BPED risk among postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Peila
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Rowan T Chlebowski
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Tarah J Ballinger
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Center, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Victor Kamensky
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Phyllis A Richey
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Nazmus Saquib
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Medicine at Sulaiman, Al Rajhi University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aladdin H Shadyab
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Thomas E Rohan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York City, NY, USA
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10
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Li-Li F, Bo-Wen L, Yue X, Zhen-Jun T, Meng-Xin C. Aerobic exercise and resistance exercise alleviate skeletal muscle atrophy through IGF-1/IGF-1R-PI3K/Akt pathway in mice with myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 322:C164-C176. [PMID: 34852207 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00344.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Myocardial infarction (MI)-induced heart failure (HF) is commonly accompanied with profound effects on skeletal muscle. With the process of MI-induced HF, perturbations in skeletal muscle contribute to muscle atrophy. Exercise is viewed as a feasible strategy to prevent muscle atrophy. The aims of this study were to investigate whether exercise could alleviate MI-induced skeletal muscle atrophy via insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) pathway in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male C57/BL6 mice were used to establish the MI model and divided into three groups: sedentary MI group, MI with aerobic exercise group and MI with resistance exercise group, sham-operated group was used as control. Exercise-trained animals were subjected to four-weeks of aerobic exercise (AE) or resistance exercise (RE). Cardiac function, muscle weight, myofiber size, levels of IGF-1 signaling and proteins related to myogenesis, protein synthesis and degradation and cell apoptosis in gastrocnemius muscle were detected. And H2O2-treated C2C12 cells were intervened with recombinant human IGF-1, IGF-1R inhibitor NVP-AEW541 and PI3K inhibitor LY294002 to explore the mechanism. Results:Exercises up-regulated the IGF-1/IGF-1R-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling, increased the expressions of Pax7, myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) and protein synthesis, reduced protein degradation and cell apoptosis in MI-mice. In vitro, IGF-1 up-regulated the levels of Pax7 and MRFs, mTOR and P70S6K, reduced MuRF1, MAFbx and inhibited cell apoptosis via IGF-1R-PI3K/Akt pathway. CONCLUSION AE and RE, safely and effectively, alleviate skeletal muscle atrophy by regulating the levels of myogenesis, protein degradation and cells apoptosis in mice with MI via activating IGF-1/IGF-1R-PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li-Li
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Bo-Wen
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.,College of Education, Physical Education Department, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Xi Yue
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tian Zhen-Jun
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cai Meng-Xin
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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11
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Barros MPD, Bachi ALL, Santos JDMBD, Lambertucci RH, Ishihara R, Polotow TG, Caldo-Silva A, Valente PA, Hogervorst E, Furtado GE. The poorly conducted orchestra of steroid hormones, oxidative stress and inflammation in frailty needs a maestro: Regular physical exercise. Exp Gerontol 2021; 155:111562. [PMID: 34560197 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This review outlines the various factors associated with unhealthy aging which includes becoming frail and dependent. With many people not engaging in recommended exercise, facilitators and barriers to engage with exercise must be investigated to promote exercise uptake and adherence over the lifespan for different demographics, including the old, less affluent, women, and those with different cultural-ethnic backgrounds. Governmental and locally funded public health messages and environmental facilitation (gyms, parks etc.) can play an important role. Studies have shown that exercise can act as a conductor to balance oxidative stress, immune and endocrine functions together to promote healthy aging and reduce the risk for age-related morbidities, such as cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis, and promote cognition and mood over the lifespan. Like a classic symphony orchestra, consisting of four groups of related musical instruments - the woodwinds, brass, percussion, and strings - the aging process should also perform in harmony, with compassion, avoiding the aggrandizement of any of its individual parts during the presentation. This review discusses the wide variety of molecular, cellular and endocrine mechanisms (focusing on the steroid balance) underlying this process and their interrelationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Paes de Barros
- Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports (ICAFE), MSc/PhD Interdisciplinary Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, 01506-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - André Luís Lacerda Bachi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, ENT Lab, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04025-002, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo 04829-300, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rafael Ishihara
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos 11015-020, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Geraldo Polotow
- Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports (ICAFE), MSc/PhD Interdisciplinary Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, 01506-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Caldo-Silva
- University of Coimbra, Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, UID/PTD/04213/2019) at Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, (FCDEF-UC), Portugal
| | - Pedro Afonso Valente
- University of Coimbra, Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, UID/PTD/04213/2019) at Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, (FCDEF-UC), Portugal
| | - Eef Hogervorst
- Applied Cognitive Research National Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Guilherme Eustáquio Furtado
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), Coimbra, Portugal; Institute Polytechnic of Maia, Porto, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, UID/PTD/04213/2019) at Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, (FCDEF-UC), Portugal.
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12
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Honceriu C, Curpan AS, Ciobica A, Ciobica A, Trus C, Timofte D. Connections between Different Sports and Ergogenic Aids-Focusing on Salivary Cortisol and Amylase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57080753. [PMID: 34440959 PMCID: PMC8400367 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57080753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Athletes are exposed to a tremendous amount of stress, both physically and mentally, when performing high intensity sports with frequent practices, pushing numerous athletes into choose to use ergogenic aids such as caffeine or β-alanine to significantly improve their performance and ease the stress and pressure that is put onto the body. The beneficial or even detrimental effects of these so-called ergogenic aids can be appreciated through the use of numerous diagnostic tools that can analyze various body fluids. In the recent years, saliva samples are gaining more ground in the field of diagnostic as it is a non-invasive procedure, contains a tremendous amount of analytes that are subject to pathophysiological changes caused by diseases, exercises, fatigue as well as nutrition and hydration. Thus, we describe here the current progress regarding potential novel biomarkers for stress and physical activity, salivary α-amylase and salivary cortisol, as well as their use and measurement in combination with different already-known or new ergogenic aids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezar Honceriu
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, B dul Carol I, No 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Alexandrina-Stefania Curpan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, B dul Carol I, No 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Alin Ciobica
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, B dul Carol I, No 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
- Center of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, B dul Carol I, No 8, 700505 Iasi, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Splaiul Independentei nr. 54, Sector 5, 050094 Bucuresti, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (C.T.)
| | - Andrei Ciobica
- Department of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16, Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.C.); (D.T.)
| | - Constantin Trus
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dunarea de Jos University, 800008 Galati, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (C.T.)
| | - Daniel Timofte
- Department of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16, Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.C.); (D.T.)
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13
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Sabag A, Chang D, Johnson NA. Growth Hormone as a Potential Mediator of Aerobic Exercise-Induced Reductions in Visceral Adipose Tissue. Front Physiol 2021; 12:623570. [PMID: 33981247 PMCID: PMC8107361 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.623570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Sabag
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Dennis Chang
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Nathan A Johnson
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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14
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Herbert P, Hayes LD, Beaumont AJ, Grace FM, Sculthorpe NF. Six weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) facilitates a four year preservation of aerobic capacity in sedentary older males: A reunion study. Exp Gerontol 2021; 150:111373. [PMID: 33895265 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Long-term implications of acutely increased cardiorespiratory fitness following short-term exercise interventions in older adults are unknown. In this study, we examined peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) after 4-years of 'free-living' after a high intensity interval training (HIIT) intervention. Seventeen lifelong exercisers (LEX) and 17 previously sedentary (SED) males (55-74 years of age in 2012) were tested four years (phase D) after our previous experiment which included 6-weeks of aerobic moderate intensity exercise (phase B), followed by 6-weeks of HIIT (phase C). At all stages, a standard incremental exercise protocol on a cycle ergometer was completed to determine VO2peak. SED (P = 1.000, Cohen's d = 0.01) and LEX (P = 1.000, Cohen's d = 0.11) VO2peak at phase D was not different from phase A (enrolment). SED experienced a large decrease in VO2peak from phase C to phase D (32 ± 6 ml·kg·min-1 to 27 ± 6 ml·kg·min-1 [P < 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.81]). LEX experienced a small decrease in VO2peak from phase C to phase D (42 ± 7 ml·kg·min-1 to 39 ± 9 ml·kg·min-1 [P < 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.46]). At phase D, LEX had greater VO2peak than SED (P < 0.001, Cohen's d = 1.73). The proportion of subjects who reported discontinuing training, maintaining moderate training, and maintaining HIIT differed between groups (P = 0.023), with LEX self-reporting more HIIT, and SED self-reporting more discontinuation from exercise. Those who continued exercising experienced a reduction in VO2peak over the four years from 39 ± 7 ml·kg·min-1 to 36 ± 9 ml·kg·min-1 (N = 25, P < 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.37), and those who discontinued exercising also experienced a reduction in VO2peak from 30 ± 7 ml·kg·min-1 to 25 ± 9 ml·kg·min-1 (N = 9, P = 0.003, Cohen's d = 0.62). Four years after completing a brief period of aerobic exercise and HIIT, older males demonstrated a preservation of VO2peak, irrespective of training status (LEX or SED). However, LEX exhibited greater VO2peak than SED after 4-years of unsupervised 'free-living'. Notably, participants who discontinued exercising experienced a greater reduction in VO2peak. These data suggest that a 6 weeks of supervised HIIT can facilitate the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Herbert
- School of Sport, Health and Outdoor Education, Trinity Saint David, University of Wales, UK
| | - Lawrence D Hayes
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, UK.
| | | | - Fergal M Grace
- Faculty of Health, Federation University, Victoria, Australia
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15
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Sellami M, Bragazzi NL, Aboghaba B, Elrayess MA. The Impact of Acute and Chronic Exercise on Immunoglobulins and Cytokines in Elderly: Insights From a Critical Review of the Literature. Front Immunol 2021; 12:631873. [PMID: 33936044 PMCID: PMC8079972 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.631873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The level of immunoglobulins and cytokines changes with an ageing immune system. This review summarizes findings from studies that have examined the impact of acute and chronic exercise on immunoglobulins and cytokines in the elderly. Our literature analysis revealed that acute endurance exercise resulted in increased secretory salivary immunoglobulin A (SIgA), while acute bouts of muscle strengthening exercise (i.e., isokinetic, eccentric, knee extensor exercise) increased plasma/muscle interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels. Chronic exercise in the form of short-term endurance training (i.e., 12-16 weeks) and long-term combined endurance and resistance training (i.e., 6-12 months) induced increases in salivary SIgA concentration. We additionally identified that short-term endurance training at moderate intensities and the combination of endurance, strength, balance, and flexibility training increase plasma IL-10 and reduce plasma IL-6 and TNF-α in healthy elderly adults and male patients with chronic heart failure. Strength training for 6-12 weeks did not alter plasma IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α concentration in healthy elderly adults and patients with chronic-degenerative diseases, while 12 weeks of resistance training decreased muscle TNF-α mRNA in frail elderly individuals. Short-term (i.e., 10-24 weeks) moderate- to high-intensity strength training reduced LPS–IL-6, LPS, IL-1β, LPS–TNF-α and circulating concentrations of TNF-α and increased IL-10 in healthy elderly women and older people with cognitive impairment, respectively. In conclusion, it appears that acute bouts of endurance exercise and short-term chronic exercise training exercise are appropriate methods to enhance mucosal immune function, reduce systemic markers of inflammation, and promote anti-inflammatory processes in elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Sellami
- Physical Education Department (PE), College of Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Baha Aboghaba
- Program of Exercise Science, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
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16
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Yasar Z, Elliott BT, Kyriakidou Y, Nwokoma CT, Postlethwaite RD, Gaffney CJ, Dewhurst S, Hayes LD. Sprint interval training (SIT) reduces serum epidermal growth factor (EGF), but not other inflammatory cytokines in trained older men. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:1909-1919. [PMID: 33723630 PMCID: PMC8192388 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04635-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The present study aimed to investigate the effect of age on circulating pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. A secondary aim was to investigate whether a novel sprint interval training (SIT) intervention (3 × 20 s ‘all out’ static sprints, twice a week for 8 weeks) would affect inflammatory markers in older men. Methods Nine older men [68 (1) years] and eleven younger men [28 (2) years] comprised the younger group. Aerobic fitness and inflammatory markers were taken at baseline for both groups and following the SIT intervention for the older group. Results Interleukin (IL)-8, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were unchanged for the older and younger groups at baseline (IL-8, p = 0.819; MCP-1, p = 0.248; VEGF, p = 0.264). Epidermal growth factor (EGF) was greater in the older group compared to the younger group at baseline [142 (20) pg mL−1 and 60 (12) pg mL−1, respectively, p = 0.001, Cohen's d = 1.64]. Following SIT, older men decreased EGF to 100 (12) pg mL−1 which was similar to that of young men who did not undergo training (p = 0.113, Cohen's d = 1.07). Conclusion Older aerobically trained men have greater serum EGF than younger aerobically trained men. A novel SIT intervention in older men can shift circulating EGF towards trained younger concentrations. As lower EGF has previously been associated with longevity in C. elegans, the manipulative effect of SIT on EGF in healthy ageing in the human may be of further interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerbu Yasar
- Active Ageing Research Group, Institute of Health, University of Cumbria, Lancaster, UK
| | - Bradley T Elliott
- Translational Physiology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish St, London, W1W 6UW, UK.
| | - Yvoni Kyriakidou
- Translational Physiology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish St, London, W1W 6UW, UK
| | - Chiazor T Nwokoma
- Translational Physiology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish St, London, W1W 6UW, UK
| | - Ruth D Postlethwaite
- Active Ageing Research Group, Institute of Health, University of Cumbria, Lancaster, UK.,Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Christopher J Gaffney
- Lancaster Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Susan Dewhurst
- Department of Rehabilitation and Sport Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK
| | - Lawrence D Hayes
- Active Ageing Research Group, Institute of Health, University of Cumbria, Lancaster, UK.,School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Glasgow, UK
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17
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Does breaking up prolonged sitting improve cognitive functions in sedentary adults? A mapping review and hypothesis formulation on the potential physiological mechanisms. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:274. [PMID: 33711976 PMCID: PMC7955618 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04136-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prolonged (excessive) sitting is detrimentally associated with cardiovascular, metabolic and mental health. Moreover, prolonged sitting has been associated with poor executive function, memory, attention and visuospatial skills, which are important cognitive aspects of work performance. Breaking up prolonged sitting with standing or light-intensity exercises at the workplace is recognized as a potential measure in improving cognition. However, preliminary evidence, primarily from acute laboratory experiments, has enabled formulating hypothesis on the possible mechanistic pathways. Hence, the aim of this mapping review is to gather preliminary evidence and substantiate possible physiological mechanisms underpinning the putative effects of breaking prolonged sitting on improving cognitive function among sedentary office workers. Mapping method We searched four databases to identify relevant studies that explored the effects of uninterrupted sitting on cognitive function. First, we introduce how prolonged sitting increases the risks of hyperglycemia, autonomic stability, inflammation, adverse hormonal changes and restrictions in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and alters cognitive function. Second, we elucidate the direct and indirect effects of breaking up prolonged sitting time that may prevent a decline in cognitive performance by influencing glycaemic variability, autonomic stability, hormones (brain derived neurotrophic factor, dopamine, serotonin), vascular functions, and CBF. We highlight the importance of breaking up prolonged sitting on metabolic, vascular and endocrine functions, which in turn may improve cognitive functions and eventually foster work productivity. Improved synaptic transmission or neuroplasticity due to increased brain glucose and mitochondrial metabolism, increased endothelial shear and CBF, increased brain neurotrophic factors (dopamine) and accelerated anti-inflammatory functions are some of the hypothetical mechanisms underpinning improved cognitive functions. Conclusion We postulate that improving cognitive function by breaking up prolonged sitting periods is biologically plausible with the myriad of (suggested) physiological mechanisms. Future experimental studies to ascertain the aforementioned hypothetical mechanisms and clinical trials to break sedentary behavior and improve cognitive functions in sedentary office workers are warranted. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12891-021-04136-5.
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18
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Memon AA, Coleman JJ, Amara AW. Effects of exercise on sleep in neurodegenerative disease. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 140:104859. [PMID: 32243913 PMCID: PMC7497904 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As the population ages, the incidence and prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders will continue to increase. Persons with neurodegenerative disease frequently experience sleep disorders, which not only affect quality of life, but potentially accelerate progression of the disease. Unfortunately, pharmacological interventions are often futile or have adverse effects. Therefore, investigation of non-pharmacological interventions has the potential to expand the treatment landscape for these disorders. The last decade has observed increasing recognition of the beneficial role of exercise in brain diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders in particular. In this review, we will focus on the therapeutic role of exercise for sleep dysfunction in four neurodegenerative diseases, namely Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Available data suggest that exercise may have the potential to improve sleep disorders and attenuate neurodegeneration, particularly in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. However, additional research is required in order to understand the most effective exercise therapy for these indications; the best way to monitor the response to interventions; the influence of exercise on sleep dysfunction in Huntington's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; and the mechanisms underlying exercise-induced sleep modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeel A Memon
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Juliana J Coleman
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Amy W Amara
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America; UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35205, United States of America; UAB Sleep and Circadian Research Core, United States of America.
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19
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Amara AW, Wood KH, Joop A, Memon RA, Pilkington J, Tuggle SC, Reams J, Barrett MJ, Edwards DA, Weltman AL, Hurt CP, Cutter G, Bamman MM. Randomized, Controlled Trial of Exercise on Objective and Subjective Sleep in Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2020; 35:947-958. [PMID: 32092190 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep dysfunction is common and disabling in persons with Parkinson's Disease (PD). Exercise improves motor symptoms and subjective sleep quality in PD, but there are no published studies evaluating the impact of exercise on objective sleep outcomes. The goal of this study was to to determine if high-intensity exercise rehabilitation combining resistance training and body-weight interval training, compared with a sleep hygiene control improved objective sleep outcomes in PD. METHODS Persons with PD (Hoehn & Yahr stages 2-3; aged ≥45 years, not in a regular exercise program) were randomized to exercise (supervised 3 times a week for 16 weeks; n = 27) or a sleep hygiene, no-exercise control (in-person discussion and monthly phone calls; n = 28). Participants underwent polysomnography at baseline and post-intervention. Change in sleep efficiency was the primary outcome, measured from baseline to post-intervention. Intervention effects were evaluated with general linear models with measurement of group × time interaction. As secondary outcomes, we evaluated changes in other aspects of sleep architecture and compared the effects of acute and chronic training on objective sleep outcomes. RESULTS The exercise group showed significant improvement in sleep efficiency compared with the sleep hygiene group (group × time interaction: F = 16.0, P < 0.001, d = 1.08). Other parameters of sleep architecture also improved in exercise compared with sleep hygiene, including total sleep time, wake after sleep onset, and slow-wave sleep. Chronic but not acute exercise improved sleep efficiency compared with baseline. CONCLUSIONS High-intensity exercise rehabilitation improves objective sleep outcomes in PD. Exercise is an effective nonpharmacological intervention to improve this disabling nonmotor symptom in PD. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy W Amara
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,UAB Center for Exercise Medicine. Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Kimberly H Wood
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,UAB Center for Exercise Medicine. Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Psychology, Samford University, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Allen Joop
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Raima A Memon
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jennifer Pilkington
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - S Craig Tuggle
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine. Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - John Reams
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine. Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Matthew J Barrett
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - David A Edwards
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Arthur L Weltman
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Christopher P Hurt
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine. Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Gary Cutter
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine. Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Marcas M Bamman
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,UAB Center for Exercise Medicine. Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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