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Hildre TT, Heiro H, Sandven I, Hammarström B. Ambient Environmental Ozone and Variation of Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) in Hairdressers and Healthcare Workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4271. [PMID: 36901281 PMCID: PMC10001628 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a breath-related biomarker of eosinophilic asthma. The aim of this study was to investigate FeNO variations due to environmental or occupational exposures in respiratory healthy subjects. Overall, 14 hairdressers and 15 healthcare workers in Oslo were followed for 5 workdays. We registered the levels of FeNO after commuting and arriving at the workspace and after ≥3 h of work, in addition to symptoms of cold, commuting method, and hair treatments that were performed. Both short- and intermediate-term effects after exposure were evaluated. Environmental assessment of daily average levels of air quality particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), particulate matter 10 (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), and ozone (O3) indicated a covariation in ozone and FeNO in which a 35-50% decrease in ozone was followed by a near 20% decrease in FeNO with a 24-h latency. Pedestrians had significantly increased FeNO readings. Symptoms of cold were associated with a significant increase in FeNO readings. We did not find any FeNO increase of statistical significance after occupational chemical exposure to hair treatments. The findings may be of clinical, environmental and occupational importance.
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Dos Santos Oliveira NC, Serpeloni F, Gonçalves de Assis S. The interplay between DNA methylation and cardiac autonomic system functioning: a systematic review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2023; 33:54-70. [PMID: 34753378 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2021.2000590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic marks, particularly DNA methylation (DNAm), are emerging as an important biological marker of susceptibility to cardiac autonomic dysfunction. This review summarizes recent discoveries about the association between DNAm and cardiac autonomic activity. A systematic literature search was performed through the Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Pubmed, PsycINFO, and Pilots databases. Twenty-two studies met inclusion criteria, of which 18 were human studies including a total of 2,686 participants. DNAm differences in multiple genes, such as NR3C1, TLR2, GPR133, EPO, PHGDH, OXTR, and SLC7A11, linked environmental stressors to physiological responses. For instance, exposure to psychosocial stressors increased NR3C1 methylation, which was associated with both decreased blood pressure and increased parasympathetic activity. Additionally, GPR133 played a potential role in cardiac autonomic dysfunction in an occupational setting, affecting the heart rate's deceleration capacity in welders. This review's findings suggest that DNAm is involved in cardiac autonomic regulation under different stress-mediated responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayara Cristina Dos Santos Oliveira
- National Institute of Woman, Child, and Adolescence Health Fernandes Figueira, PPGSCM/IFF/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Violence and Health Studies Jorge Careli, National School of Public Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Serpeloni
- Department of Violence and Health Studies Jorge Careli, National School of Public Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Simone Gonçalves de Assis
- National Institute of Woman, Child, and Adolescence Health Fernandes Figueira, PPGSCM/IFF/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Violence and Health Studies Jorge Careli, National School of Public Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Neurology Post-Gradate Program, Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro, Unirio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Li G, Jiang J, Liao Y, Wan S, Yao Y, Luo Y, Chen X, Qian H, Dai X, Yin W, Min Z, Yi G, Tan X. Risk for lung-related diseases associated with welding fumes in an occupational population: Evidence from a Cox model. Front Public Health 2022; 10:990547. [PMID: 36091502 PMCID: PMC9455702 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.990547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Welding fumes are a risk factor for welder pneumoconiosis. However, there is a lack of population information on the occurrence of welding fume-induced lung cancer, and little is known about the welding fume pathogenesis. Methods Welding fume and metal ion concentrations were assessed in a vehicle factory in Wuhan. A Cox regression model estimated lung-related disease risk in workers by independent and combined factors. Results Workers' exposures were divided into four grades; the highest exposure was among the welders in the maintenance workshop, the highest Mn and Fe exposure was 4 grades, and the highest Cr exposure was 3 grades. Subgroup analysis found that the risk of lung-related disease was 2.17 (95% CI: 1.31-3.57, p < 0.05) in welders compared with non-welders, and the risk of pulmonary disease in male welders was 2.24 (95% CI: 1.34-3.73, p < 0.05) compared to non-welders. Smoking welders had a 2.44 (95% CI: 1.32-4.51, p < 0.01) higher incidence of lung-related diseases than non-welders. Total years of work as an independent protective factor for lung-related disease risk was 0.72 (95% CI: 0.66-0.78, p < 0.01). As an independent risk factor, high-high and high-low exposure had a 5.39 (95% CI: 2.52-11.52, p < 0.001) and 2.17 (95% CI: 1.07-4.41, p < 0.05) higher risk for lung-related diseases, respectively. Conclusions High welding fume exposure is a significant risk factor for lung-related disease in workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinfeng Jiang
- Wuhan Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Yonggang Liao
- Wuhan Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Siyu Wan
- Wuhan Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Yao
- Wuhan Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongbin Luo
- Wuhan Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuyu Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiling Qian
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiayun Dai
- Wuhan Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjun Yin
- Wuhan Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiteng Min
- Wuhan Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Guilin Yi
- Wuhan Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Wuhan, China,Guilin Yi
| | - Xiaodong Tan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,School of Health and Nurse, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Xiaodong Tan
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Knobloch J, Casjens S, Lehnert M, Yanik SD, Körber S, Lotz A, Rupp J, Raulf M, Zschiesche W, Weiss T, Kronsbein J, Koch A, Brüning T, Pesch B. Exposure to welding fumes suppresses the activity of T-helper cells. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 189:109913. [PMID: 32980007 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Welders have an increased susceptibility to airway infections with non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), which implicates immune defects and might promote pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We hypothesized that welding-fume exposure suppresses Th1-lymphocyte activity. Non-effector CD4+ T-cells from blood of 45 welders (n = 23 gas metal arc welders, GMAW; n = 16 tungsten inert gas welders, TIG; n = 6 others) and 25 non-welders were ex vivo activated towards Th1 via polyclonal T-cell receptor stimulation and IL-12 (first activation step) and then stimulated with NTHi extract or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (second activation step). IFNγ and IL-2 were measured by ELISA. In the first activation step, IFNγ was reduced in welders compared to non-welders and in the GMAW welders with higher concentrations of respirable particles compared to the lower exposed TIG welders. IFNγ was not influenced by tobacco smoking and correlated negatively with welding-fume exposure, respirable manganese, and iron. In the second activation step, NTHi and LPS induced additional IFNγ, which was reduced in current smokers compared to never smokers in welders as well as in non-welders. Analyzing both activation steps together, IFNγ production was lowest in smoking welders and highest in never smoking non-welders. IL-2 was not associated with any of these parameters. Welding-fume exposure might suppress Th1-based immune responses due to effects of particulate matter, which mainly consists of iron and manganese. For responses to NTHi this is strongest in smoking welders because welding fume suppresses T-cell activation towards Th1 and cigarette smoke suppresses the subsequent Th1-response to NTHi via LPS. Both effects are independent from IL-2-regulated T-cell proliferation. This might explain the increased susceptibility to infections and might promote COPD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Knobloch
- Medical Clinic III for Pneumology Allergology, Sleep-, and Respiratory Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Swaantje Casjens
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA); Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Martin Lehnert
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA); Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Sarah D Yanik
- Medical Clinic III for Pneumology Allergology, Sleep-, and Respiratory Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Sandra Körber
- Medical Clinic III for Pneumology Allergology, Sleep-, and Respiratory Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Anne Lotz
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA); Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jan Rupp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Monika Raulf
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA); Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Zschiesche
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA); Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Tobias Weiss
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA); Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Juliane Kronsbein
- Medical Clinic III for Pneumology Allergology, Sleep-, and Respiratory Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Andrea Koch
- Zürcher RehaZentren Davos, Klinikstrasse 6, 7272 Davos-Clavadel, Switzerland; Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich (LMU) and DZL (German Center of Lung Science), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA); Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Beate Pesch
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA); Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
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Current status of development of methylation biomarkers for in vitro diagnostic IVD applications. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:100. [PMID: 32631437 PMCID: PMC7336678 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00886-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A significant volume of research clearly shows that disease-related methylation changes can be used as biomarkers at all stages of clinical disease management, including risk assessment and predisposition screening through early diagnostics to personalization of patient care and monitoring of the relapse and chronic disease. Thus disease-related methylation changes are an attractive source of the biomarkers that can have significant impact on precision medicine. However, the translation of the research findings in methylation biomarkers field to clinical practice is at the very least not satisfactory. That is mainly because the evidence generated in research studies indicating the utility of the disease-related methylation change to predict clinical outcome is in majority of the cases not sufficient to postulate the diagnostic use of the biomarker. The research studies need to be followed by well-designed and systematic investigations of clinical utility of the biomarker that produce data of sufficient quality to meet regulatory approval for the test to be used to make clinically valid decision. In this review, we describe methylation-based IVD tests currently approved for IVD use or at the advanced stages of the development for the diagnostic use. For each of those tests, we analyze the technologies that the test utilizes for methylation detection as well as describe the types of the clinical studies that were performed to show clinical validity of the test and warrant regulatory approval. The examples reviewed here should help with planning of clinical investigations and delivery of the clinical evidence required for the regulatory approval of potential methylation biomarker based IVD tests.
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