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Zhou Z, Zhou X, Shen G, Khairani AZ, Saibon J. Correlates of Bullying Behavior Among Children and Adolescents in Physical Education: A Systematic Review. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:5041-5051. [PMID: 38116586 PMCID: PMC10729770 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s441619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Bullying is notably prevalent among children and adolescents, especially within the context of physical education (PE) environments. Understanding the underlying factors that trigger bullying behavior is essential in designing strategies to prevent bullying and formulating more effective interventions in PE. There is a lack of integrated findings regarding the wide range of correlates of bullying behavior among children and adolescents within the PE context. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to synthesize the correlates of bullying behavior among children and adolescents within the context of PE. Methods We conducted a systematic search across four databases (EBSCOhost, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science) for relevant studies published before August 2023. Two reviewers independently examined the articles, assessed their methodological quality, and performed data extraction. Results A total of 23 articles met the inclusion criteria. It is found that demographic, physical movement, physical appearance, psycho-cognitive, teacher-related, and contextual factors emerged as six prominent influential factors affecting adolescent bullying behavior. Specifically, demographic factors mainly encompassed age and gender; physical movement factors primarily include physical activity, sedentary behavior, physical exercise, and sports competence; physical appearance factors primarily include being overweight, too thin, too tall, or too short; psycho-cognitive factors chiefly involved cognitive empathy, motivation, enjoyment of physical activity; teacher-related factors primarily comprised activity choices, teachers competence, controlling style, autonomy support; and contextual factors primarily cover desolate climate, perceived caring climate, strong sense of competition and winning setting. Conclusion The results indicate that bullying is a complex and multifaced behavior primarily determined by demographic, physical movement, physical appearance, psycho-cognitive, teacher-related, and contextual factors. Future studies need to enhance the diversity of research samples and comparative studies on the factors influencing bullying behavior among children and adolescents in different countries. Additionally, a more extensive range of intervention studies addressing bullying behavior among children and adolescents is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Zhou
- School of Educational Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Xiaogang Zhou
- School of Educational Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Gang Shen
- School of Physical Education, Changzhou University, Changzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Jamalsafri Saibon
- School of Educational Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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2
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Benítez-Sillero JDD, Murillo-Moraño J, Corredor-Corredor D, Morente-Montero Á, Branquinho L, Armada-Crespo JM. Relationship between Bullying and the Type of Physical Activity Practised by Spanish Pre- and Adolescents. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1888. [PMID: 38136090 PMCID: PMC10742059 DOI: 10.3390/children10121888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of bullying on physical activity beyond school time is uncertain, as it can vary widely in terms of type, modality, duration, adult supervision, and objectives. METHODS This study aims to analyze the relationship between school bullying and the type of physical activity practised. To this end, a descriptive study was made of 2025 pre- and adolescents aged between 10 and 19 years, reporting on their participation in victimisation and perpetration. The EBIPQ and PAQ-A were used. An analysis of the relationships between these variables was carried out according to gender and type of activity practised. RESULTS The results showed a higher rate of victimisation in boys who did not practise physical activity. Meanwhile, perpetration was higher in those who practised organised physical activity, especially in boys. Depending on the type of physical activity, the higher levels of both victimisation and perpetration of those who practised wrestling activities stand out in comparison with other groups. CONCLUSIONS It could be stated that physical activity may be a protective factor against bullying victimisation, especially in boys. However, participation in organised physical activity activities may be related to higher perpetration in this sample in adolescent boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan de Dios Benítez-Sillero
- Department of Specific Didactics, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain (Á.M.-M.); (J.M.A.-C.)
- Laboratory of Studies on Coexistence and Violence Prevention (LAECOVI), 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Javier Murillo-Moraño
- Teacher Training College “Sagrado Corazón”, University of Cordoba, 14006 Cordoba, Spain
| | | | - Álvaro Morente-Montero
- Department of Specific Didactics, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain (Á.M.-M.); (J.M.A.-C.)
| | - Luís Branquinho
- Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, Agrarian School of Elvas, 9000-082 Portalegre, Portugal;
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, 6200-151 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - José Manuel Armada-Crespo
- Department of Specific Didactics, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain (Á.M.-M.); (J.M.A.-C.)
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Zurita-Ortega F, Alonso-Vargas JM, Puertas-Molero P, González-Valero G, Ubago-Jiménez JL, Melguizo-Ibáñez E. Levels of Physical Activity, Family Functioning and Self-Concept in Elementary and High School Education Students: A Structural Equation Model. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:163. [PMID: 36670713 PMCID: PMC9856633 DOI: 10.3390/children10010163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In the adolescent population there is great concern about low levels of physical activity and low levels of family awareness of the benefits of physical exercise on physical and mental health. This study aims to determine the influence of physical activity levels, family functioning and self-concept in primary and secondary school students, as well as to develop a structural equation model as a function of weekly physical activity time. A descriptive, cross-sectional, comparative study was conducted on whether students engage in more than three hours of physical activity per week. To collect the data, instruments validated by the scientific community were used, such as the Adaptability, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolve family questionnaire (APGAR) and the self-concept questionnaire form 5. The results show that those students who engage in more than 3 h of physical activity per week have higher levels of family functioning than those who do not meet this sport criterion. In addition, physically active students show higher scores on all dimensions of self-concept than those who practice less than 3 h of physical activity per week. Finally, as a conclusion, it can be affirmed that the amount of physical activity practice brings benefits to student's mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Manuel Alonso-Vargas
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Melguizo-Ibáñez E, González-Valero G, Badicu G, Clemente FM, Silva AF, Puertas-Molero P. An Explanatory Model of Violent Behavior, Self-Concept, and Alcohol, Tobacco, and Cannabis Consumption in Secondary Education Students. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:1971858. [PMID: 37096221 PMCID: PMC10122590 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1971858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Current scientific evidence establishes that regular physical activity engagement provides numerous physical and mental benefits. Thus, the present research aims at examining the relationships between violent behavior, self-concept, and consumption of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis. Specifically, two objectives were defined: (a) analyze and establish the relationships between violent behaviors, the different dimensions of self-concept, and the consumption of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis as a function of physical activity engagement, (b) define and examine a proposed explanatory model, and (c) analyze the effect of self-concept on alcohol and tobacco consumption and physical activity engagement based on the explanatory model developed. Methods For this purpose, a nonexperimental (ex post facto), descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted. For data collection, a sociodemographic questionnaire was administered alongside the Self-Concept Form 5 and the School Victimization Scale. Results It was shown that individuals engaging in more than three hours of physical exercise per week scored more highly on the social, family, physical, and emotional aspects of self-concept, whilst those who do not meet this criterion scored more highly on the academic aspect and on physical and verbal victimization. Conclusions The present research concludes that engagement in more than 3 hours of physical activity per week led to benefits in a number of domains of self-concept whilst, at the same time, increasing levels of violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Melguizo-Ibáñez
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Gabriel González-Valero
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Georgian Badicu
- Department of Physical Education and Special Motricity, Faculty of Physical Education and Mountain Sports, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500068 Brasov, Romania
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), 4960-320 Melgaço, Portugal
| | - Ana Filipa Silva
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Pilar Puertas-Molero
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Melguizo-Ibáñez E, Zurita-Ortega F, Ubago-Jiménez JL, Puertas-Molero P, González-Valero G. Motivational Climate, Anxiety and Physical Self-Concept in Trainee Physical Education Teachers-An Explanatory Model Regarding Physical Activity Practice Time. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12812. [PMID: 36232106 PMCID: PMC9565100 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
There is an increase in sedentary lifestyles among young people. However, the development of a certain motivational climate can play a key role in the prevention of such lifestyles. Taking into account the aforementioned, the present research aims to establish the relationship between the motivational climate towards sport, anxiety and physical self-concept and to identify and clarify the existing relationships between anxiety, motivational climate and physical self-concept, by breaking down this objective into (a) developing an explanatory model of the motivational climate towards sport and its relationship with anxiety and physical self-concept and (b) contrasting the structural model by means of a multi-group analysis, according to the time spent doing physical activity per week. For this purpose, a cross-sectional descriptive and comparative study was carried out with a total of 568 university students (M = 25.09; SD = 6.22). A sociodemographic questionnaire, the Spanish version of the Perceived Motivation Climate Questionnaire in Sport, the Self-Concept Form-5 and the Beck Anxiety Inventory were used for data collection. The results show that more time spent doing physical activity brings benefits in terms of physical self-concept and homework climate, helping to reduce anxiety levels. As conclusions, it is observed that a longer time spent doing physical activity brings benefits in the channelling of disruptive states and improvements in physical self-concept.
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Melguizo-Ibáñez E, González-Valero G, Ubago-Jiménez JL, Puertas-Molero P. Resilience, Stress, and Burnout Syndrome According to Study Hours in Spanish Public Education School Teacher Applicants: An Explanatory Model as a Function of Weekly Physical Activity Practice Time. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12090329. [PMID: 36135133 PMCID: PMC9495764 DOI: 10.3390/bs12090329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The selection process for the teaching profession in public elementary education is difficult, which can lead to the appearance of disruptive states in applicants. For this reason, the present study aimed to establish the relationship between study hours and the levels of stress, burnout, and resilience in applicants to the Spanish public teaching profession. Accordingly, this objective was achieved by (a) developing an explanatory model of study hours according to levels of stress, burnout, and resilience, and (b) contrasting this model through a multigroup analysis according to whether students performed more than 3 h of physical activity per week. A descriptive, comparative, cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 4117 applicants (31.03 ± 6.800), using an ad hoc socio-demographic questionnaire, the Perceived Stress Scale, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale for data collection. The results revealed that participants who practiced more than 3 h of physical activity per week showed lower levels of stress and burnout syndrome, manifesting higher levels of resilience. Furthermore, better associations between resilience and the other constructs were also observed for people who practiced more than 3 h of physical activity per week. In conclusion, the practice of physical activity can help to decrease stress and develop key elements for the selective exam of the Spanish public teaching corps.
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Mediterranean Diet Adherence, Body Mass Index and Emotional Intelligence in Primary Education Students-An Explanatory Model as a Function of Weekly Physical Activity. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9060872. [PMID: 35740809 PMCID: PMC9221708 DOI: 10.3390/children9060872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a key developmental period from a health, physical and psychological perspective. In view of this, the present research aimed to establish the relationship between emotional intelligence, Mediterranean diet adherence, BMI and age. In order to address this aim, (a) an explanatory model is developed of emotional intelligence and its relationship with Mediterranean diet adherence, BMI and age, and (b) the proposed structural model is examined via multi-group analysis as a function of whether students engage in more than three hours of physical activity a week. To this end, a quantitative, non-experimental (ex post facto), comparative and cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 567 students (11.10 ± 1.24). The instruments used were an ad hoc questionnaire, the KIDMED questionnaire and the TMMS-24. Outcomes reveal that participants who engage in more than three hours of physical activity a week score more highly for emotional intelligence than those who do not meet this criterion. Furthermore, it was also observed that, whilst the majority of the sample was physically active, improvement was required with regards to Mediterranean diet adherence.
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8
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Benítez-Sillero JD, Ortega-Ruiz R, Romera EM. Victimization in bullying and cyberbullying and organized physical activity: The mediating effect of physical self-concept in adolescents. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2021.1967136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eva M. Romera
- Department O Psychology, Universidad De Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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9
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Martos Martínez Á, Molero Jurado MDM, Pérez-Fuentes MDC, Simón Márquez MDM, Barragán Martín AB, Gázquez Linares JJ. The Complex Nature of School Violence: Attitudes Toward Aggression, Empathy and Involvement Profiles in Violence. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2021; 14:575-586. [PMID: 34040462 PMCID: PMC8141403 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s313831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aggressive behavior in adolescents has become a concern in education, where adapting to and going through high school may generate important behavior problems in adolescents. Purpose Analyze the relationships between parental and adolescent attitudes toward aggression and empathy. Identify profiles of direct and indirect involvement in school violence and determine differences between groups with respect to the components of empathy and attitudes toward aggression. Methods The sample was comprised of 1287 high school students who were administered the Beliefs about Aggression and Alternatives questionnaire, the Parental Support for Fighting and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index. Results The results show that beliefs in favor of the use of aggression in adolescents correlate positively with the perception of strong support from parents for aggression in response to conflict. Similarly, higher levels of support for the use of nonviolent strategies are positively related to the perception of strong support from parents. The relationships established with the components of empathy analyzed, both cognitive and emotional, were negatively correlated with favorable attitudes toward aggression. Results concerning the groups directly involved indicated that there were significant differences in the components of empathy between the groups. Furthermore, the multivariate analysis applied to the direct involvement groups showed significant differences between the groups in taking perspective. Between-group differences in empathic concern were also statistically significant for the group of active observers. Conclusion Taking perspective and empathic concern are moderating variables both for observers and victims and their parents in situations of violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- África Martos Martínez
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Almería, Almería, 04120, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - José Jesús Gázquez Linares
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Almería, Almería, 04120, Spain.,Department of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia, 7500000, Chile
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Wu X, Lu X. Musical Training in the Development of Empathy and Prosocial Behaviors. Front Psychol 2021; 12:661769. [PMID: 34045996 PMCID: PMC8144324 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.661769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Music not only regulates mood but also promotes the development and maintenance of empathy and social understanding. Since empathy is crucial for well-being and indispensable in social life, it is necessary to develop strategies to improve empathy and prosocial behaviors. To fulfill this aim, researchers have extensively investigated the effect of intensive musical training on the development of empathy. Here, we first summarize evidence showing the powerful influence of musical training on the development of empathy and then discuss psychological mechanisms responsible for those observations. The conclusions drawn from most previous studies were mainly based on behavioral measurements, while the neural basis of musical training in the development of the empathic brain is still unclear. Fortunately, brain imaging research has contributed greatly to our understanding of the neural underpinnings associated with musical training and its possible connection to the development of the empathic brain. One of the most distinctive signatures of musical training is structural and functional changes of multiple brain regions, and such changes might be related to some of the empathic behaviors observed in musically trained children. Therefore, intensive musical training in childhood may increase levels of empathy, and applied research is required to optimize the training strategy before implementing music education in empathy regulation. Moreover, future longitudinal studies are needed to better understand neural mechanisms underlying the causal effect of musical training on empathy development. These findings have important implications for understanding the development of the empathic brain and for improving prosocial behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejing Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Shima T, Jesmin S, Nakao H, Tai K, Shimofure T, Arai Y, Kiyama K, Onizawa Y. Vigorous-intensity physical activity associates with self-reported empathy in healthy young adults. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2021; 61:874-876. [PMID: 33511820 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.21.12230-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Shima
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Cooperative Faculty of Education, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan -
| | - Subrina Jesmin
- Faculty of Medicine, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hayato Nakao
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Cooperative Faculty of Education, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tai
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Cooperative Faculty of Education, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tomonori Shimofure
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Cooperative Faculty of Education, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Arai
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Cooperative Faculty of Education, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Keiko Kiyama
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Cooperative Faculty of Education, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yoko Onizawa
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Cooperative Faculty of Education, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
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Shima T, Jesmin S, Nakao H, Tai K, Shimofure T, Arai Y, Kiyama K, Onizawa Y. Association between self-reported empathy and level of physical activity in healthy young adults. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.7600/jpfsm.10.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Shima
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Cooperative Faculty of Education, Gunma University
| | - Subrina Jesmin
- Faculty of Medicine, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hayato Nakao
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Cooperative Faculty of Education, Gunma University
| | - Kentaro Tai
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Cooperative Faculty of Education, Gunma University
| | - Tomonori Shimofure
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Cooperative Faculty of Education, Gunma University
| | - Yoshihiro Arai
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Cooperative Faculty of Education, Gunma University
| | - Keiko Kiyama
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Cooperative Faculty of Education, Gunma University
| | - Yoko Onizawa
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Cooperative Faculty of Education, Gunma University
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