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Suarez-Villadat B, Sadarangani K, Corredeira RM, Veiga M, Villagra A. Swim, Strength, or Combined Programs: Effect on Health-Related Physical Fitness in Adolescents With Down Syndrome. Adapt Phys Activ Q 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38754859 DOI: 10.1123/apaq.2023-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The adolescent population with Down syndrome (DS) appears to show higher levels of body fat and lower levels of cardiorespiratory fitness or muscle strength than their peers without disabilities. There is a need to create physical activity programs to improve these data. The aim of this research was to determine the effects of a 16-week swimming program, strength program, and combined program (swimming and strength training) on body composition and health-related physical fitness on adolescents with DS and to assess whether there are differences in the results of the different training programs. Forty-five adolescents (17 female and 28 male; average age 15.5 [1.53] years) with DS were recruited and randomized to three groups (swim [n = 15], strength [n = 15], and combined [n = 15]). Results showed that the swim group had significant improvements in all health-related physical fitness variables and there was an improvement in some body-composition variables (p < .05). The strength and combined groups obtained minor improvements in the variables analyzed. In summary, a 16-week swim program consisting of three sessions of 60 min is able to improve levels of body composition and health-related physical fitness in adolescents with DS. The swim training program seems to be more effective in improving body composition and health-related physical fitness than the strength or combined program. These findings could be useful in different special-education centers due to the predisposition shown by the population with DS to this sport modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Suarez-Villadat
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Alfonso X el Sabio University, Madrid, Spain
- Education Department, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kabir Sadarangani
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health and Dentistry, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rui Manuel Corredeira
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto (FADEUP), Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Mario Veiga
- Adapted Physical Education Department, University of Puerto Rico at Bayamón, Bayamón, Puerto Rico
| | - Ariel Villagra
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid,Spain
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Jacinto M, Monteiro D, Rodrigues F, Diz S, Matos R, Amaro N, Antunes R. Gender Differences in Anthropometric, Functional Capacity Measures and Quality of Life in Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2024; 9:84. [PMID: 38804450 PMCID: PMC11130869 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk9020084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the of the current investigation was to investigate the possible differences concerning males and females in anthropometry, body composition, functional capacity, strength and quality of life variables. After obtaining signed informed consent, 37 participants (18 males; 19 females), with mean age of 39.08 and standard deviation of 11.66 years, voluntarily participated in this study. Anthropometry, body composition, functional capacity, strength, and quality of life were assessed using validated and reliable instruments and tests for this population. The males and females were compared using a Mann-Whitney U signed rank test. Significant differences were detected among the following variables, height (p = 0.028), body mass index (p = 0.033), fat mass (p = 0.002), muscle mass (p ≤ 0.001), phase angle (p = 0.005), medicine ball throwing strength (p = 0.010), and peak toque left knee (p = 0.028), with males showing better results in all the variables. The sample in this study showed differences in the anthropometric, composition, and strength variables. Studying this population can help ensure that everyone has equal access to services and adequate support for their personal needs, improving their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Jacinto
- ESECS, Polytechnique of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal; (M.J.); (F.R.); (S.D.); (R.M.); (N.A.); (R.A.)
- CIDESD, Research Center in Sport, Health, and Human Development, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Diogo Monteiro
- ESECS, Polytechnique of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal; (M.J.); (F.R.); (S.D.); (R.M.); (N.A.); (R.A.)
- CIDESD, Research Center in Sport, Health, and Human Development, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Filipe Rodrigues
- ESECS, Polytechnique of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal; (M.J.); (F.R.); (S.D.); (R.M.); (N.A.); (R.A.)
- CIDESD, Research Center in Sport, Health, and Human Development, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Susana Diz
- ESECS, Polytechnique of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal; (M.J.); (F.R.); (S.D.); (R.M.); (N.A.); (R.A.)
- CIDESD, Research Center in Sport, Health, and Human Development, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rui Matos
- ESECS, Polytechnique of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal; (M.J.); (F.R.); (S.D.); (R.M.); (N.A.); (R.A.)
- CIDESD, Research Center in Sport, Health, and Human Development, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Nuno Amaro
- ESECS, Polytechnique of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal; (M.J.); (F.R.); (S.D.); (R.M.); (N.A.); (R.A.)
- CIDESD, Research Center in Sport, Health, and Human Development, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Raul Antunes
- ESECS, Polytechnique of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal; (M.J.); (F.R.); (S.D.); (R.M.); (N.A.); (R.A.)
- CIDESD, Research Center in Sport, Health, and Human Development, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Villani ER, Onder G, Marzetti E, Coelho-Junior H, Calvani R, Di Paola A, Carfì A. Body composition parameters and sarcopenia in adults with Down syndrome: a case-control study. Aging Clin Exp Res 2024; 36:81. [PMID: 38551714 PMCID: PMC10980647 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02680-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) experience premature aging. Whether accelerated aging involves changes in body composition parameters and is associated with early development of sarcopenia is unclear. AIMS To compare parameters of body composition and the prevalence of sarcopenia between adults with DS and the general population. METHODS Body composition was assessed by whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Fat mass (FMI) and skeletal mass indices (SMI) were calculated as the ratio between total body fat mass and appendicular lean mass and the square of height, respectively. Fat mass distribution was assessed by the android/gynoid fat ratio (A/G). Sarcopenia was defined according to the criteria and cut-points recommended by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2). Data on age- and sex-matched non-DS controls were retrieved from the 2001-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) population. RESULTS Sixty-four DS adults (mean age 37.2 ± 12.0 years, 20.3% women) were enrolled and compared with age- and sex-matched NHANES participants (n = 256), in a 1:4 ratio. FMI (7.96 ± 3.18 kg/m2 vs. 8.92 ± 4.83 kg/m2, p = 0.135), SMI (7.38 ± 1.01 kg/m2 vs. 7.46 ± 2.77 kg/m2, p = 0.825) and A/G (0.98 ± 0.17 vs. 1.01 ± 0.22, p = 0.115) were not significantly different between DS and control participants. When the sample was stratified by sex, women with DS had a higher FMI compared with their NHANES controls (10.16 ± 4.35 kg/m2 vs. 8.11 ± 4.29 kg/m2, p < 0.001), while men with DS had lower A/G ratio (1.04 ± 0.16 vs. 1.11 ± 0.22, p = 0.002). Sarcopenia was more frequent in individuals with DS than in controls (35.6% vs. 19.9%, p = 0.007). This association was stronger in men 40 years and older. CONCLUSIONS Adults with DS have a higher prevalence of sarcopenia compared with the general population. This finding suggests that DS is associated with early muscle aging and calls for the design of interventions targeting the skeletal muscle to prevent or treat sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Rocco Villani
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
| | - Graziano Onder
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Helio Coelho-Junior
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Di Paola
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Carfì
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Bahiraei S, Ghaderi M, Sharifian E, Shourabadi Takabi S, Sepehri Far S, Oviedo GR. Effects of exercise programs on cardiovascular responses in individuals with down syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prev Med Rep 2023; 36:102521. [PMID: 38116290 PMCID: PMC10728445 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of exercise interventions designed to improve cardiovascular responses in individuals with DS. A search for relevant articles was conducted on seven electronic databases: PubMed, PEDro, Google Scholar, Scopus, WOS, MEDLINE, and SPORT Discus. An electronic search was conducted on October 15, 2022, without applying any year constraints. The studies were chosen based on a predetermined set of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The methodology of the study was evaluated using the PEDro scale, and data analyses were conducted using the CMA v3 random effects model. In total, 625 articles were reviewed, and data from 10 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving DS were used in this meta-analysis. The results showed that exercise programs were effective in increasing VO2peak (ml. kg -1min-1) (ES: 0.69; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.27-1.12; P: 0.001), time to exhaustion (ES: 0.83; CI, 0.31-1.35, P: 0.001), and VEpeak (ES: 0.76; CI, 0.32-1.20; P: 0.001). No changes were found for HRpeak (ES: 0.3; CI, -0.02-0.63, P: 0.07), VO2peak (ml·min-1) (ES: 0.45; CI, -0.01-0.92; P: 0.06), or RER (ES: 0.45; CI, -0.09-0.98, P: 0.10). No adverse effects were reported in any of the studies. In this meta-analysis and comprehensive review, exercise interventions may improve cardiovascular responses in DS; however, the association wasn't consistent across trials. RCTs with precise intervention criteria, large sample sizes, and long-term follow-up are needed in the future to demonstrate the benefits of exercise on cardiovascular responses in people with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Bahiraei
- Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahbanou Ghaderi
- Department of Sport Sciences, Nahavand Higher Education Complex, BU-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Esmail Sharifian
- Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sheida Shourabadi Takabi
- Department of Sports Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sara Sepehri Far
- Department of Sports Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Guillermo R. Oviedo
- Faculty of Psychology Education and Sport Sciences Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
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Suarez-Villadat B, Sadarangani KP, Villagra A. Effectiveness of exergames programme to modify body composition and health-related physical fitness in adolescents with down syndrome after COVID-19 quarantine. Eur J Sport Sci 2023; 23:2210-2220. [PMID: 37194322 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2023.2214805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS to determine the effect of a 20-week exergame program on different indicators of body composition and components of health-related physical fitness in adolescents with Down syndrome. Methods and Procedures Outcomes: 49 adolescents (19 female and 30 males; average age, 14.19 ± 2.06 years) with Down syndrome were recruited and randomized to two groups (control group vs. intervention group). Adolescents allocated in the control group carried out a physical activity program three times a week for 20 weeks meanwhile adolescents allocated in the exercise group performed an exergame program three times a week for 20 weeks. RESULTS The exercise group had significant improvements in all health-related physical fitness variables and there is an improvement in some body composition variables (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS 20 week exergame program consisting of 3 sessions of 60 minutes is able to improve levels of body composition and health-related physical fitness in adolescents with Down syndrome.Highlights Research in body composition and health-related physical fitness of people with Down syndrome has revealed that an exergame programme increases levels of health-related physical fitness in adolescents with Down syndromeAn exergame programme can improve differences in markers of body composition between the control group and the intervention groupThe intervention group that performed the exergame programme showed increases in health-related physical fitness levels after 20 weeks of intervention.The control group that performed a based on developing motor behaviour programme did not show differences in body composition or health-related physical fitness after 20 weeks of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Suarez-Villadat
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Alfonso X el Sabio University, Madrid, Spain
- Education Department, Camilo José Cela University, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kabir P Sadarangani
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health and Dentistry, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Chile
| | - Ariel Villagra
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Jacinto M, Matos R, Gomes B, Caseiro A, Antunes R, Monteiro D, Ferreira JP, Campos MJ. Physical Fitness Variables, General Health, Dementia and Quality of Life in Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2688. [PMID: 37830725 PMCID: PMC10572461 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11192688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The average life expectancy of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) is increasing. However, living more years does not mean living better, leading to the need for research on comorbidities associated with the aging process. Associated with this process are the physical characteristics most prevalent in an individual with IDD: low levels of all physical capacities, the accumulation of central fat, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, variables considered to be some of the main risk factors of the onset of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, and variables that can negatively impact quality of life (QoL). Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate a sample of 21 institutionalized adults with IDD (42.81 ± 10.99 years old) in terms of their anthropometric characteristics, body composition, general health status, functional capacity, neuromuscular capacity, and dementia/cognitive function, and the possible associations with QoL. All assessments were performed in the laboratory of the Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education-University of Coimbra. Participants, in the present study, have low levels of physical fitness and high metabolic and cardiovascular markets, which need to be improved. On the other hand, functional and neuromuscular ability seems to be associated with QoL (p ≤ 0.05). This study highlights the role of primary and secondary care providers in diagnosis, prevention, and supporting individuals with IDDs to promote QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Jacinto
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.G.); (A.C.); (J.P.F.); (M.J.C.)
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal; (R.M.); (R.A.); (D.M.)
- ESECS—Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Rui Matos
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal; (R.M.); (R.A.); (D.M.)
- ESECS—Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Gomes
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.G.); (A.C.); (J.P.F.); (M.J.C.)
- Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - André Caseiro
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.G.); (A.C.); (J.P.F.); (M.J.C.)
- Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Raul Antunes
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal; (R.M.); (R.A.); (D.M.)
- ESECS—Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Diogo Monteiro
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal; (R.M.); (R.A.); (D.M.)
- ESECS—Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Portugal Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - José Pedro Ferreira
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.G.); (A.C.); (J.P.F.); (M.J.C.)
- Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria João Campos
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.G.); (A.C.); (J.P.F.); (M.J.C.)
- Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal
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Jacinto M, Matos R, Monteiro D, Antunes R, Caseiro A, Gomes B, Campos MJ, Ferreira JP. Effects of a 24-week exercise program on anthropometric, body composition, metabolic status, cardiovascular response, and neuromuscular capacity, in individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1205463. [PMID: 37288435 PMCID: PMC10242032 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1205463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased in the last decades, including in people with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD). This is even more concerning when it is globally accepted that a low physical condition contributes to the deterioration of functionality and increases the risk of developing chronic diseases during life, with effective implications for health and well-being. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of two physical exercise intervention programs on institutionalized individuals with IDD. Methods: Twenty-one adults with IDD (43.04 ± 11.18 years) were split by convenience into three groups: i) an indoor training group (IG; N = 7; 24-week machine-based gym intervention), ii) an outdoor training group (OG; N = 7; 24-week outdoor intervention with low-content materials), and iii) a control group (CG; N = 7). Assessed outcomes included indicators of health and neuromuscular capacity. The ShapiroWilk (n < 50) and Levene tests were used to verify data normality and homoscedasticity. A Kruskal-Walli test was performed to understand if there were differences between the groups. For comparison purposes and to assess hypothetical differences between groups, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the Friedman test were used. The respective effect size was calculated, and the significance level was defined at 0.05. Results/Discussion: There was a difference in fat mass in OG (initial ≠ intermediate; Bonferroni corrected: t = 2.405; p = 0.048; W = 0.08 and initial ≠ final moments; Bonferroni corrected: t = 2.405; p = 0.048; W = 0.08). Indoor intervention programs seem to be more effective than outdoor intervention programs for reducing heart rate rest (t = -2.912; p = 0.011; W = -0.104) when compared with CG. Conclusion: A low-cost outdoor intervention in contact with nature appears to be more effective for fat mass reduction. The results for heart rate variability are not clear and robust. Finally, an indoor intervention using weight-training machines appears to be a good method to promote neuromuscular capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Jacinto
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- ESECS—Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), Leiria, Portugal
| | - Rui Matos
- ESECS—Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), Leiria, Portugal
| | - Diogo Monteiro
- ESECS—Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), Leiria, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Raul Antunes
- ESECS—Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), Leiria, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
| | - André Caseiro
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Gomes
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria João Campos
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Pedro Ferreira
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), Coimbra, Portugal
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Feasibility and Reliability of Health-Related Physical Fitness Tests in Children and Adolescents with Hearing Impairment. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10020353. [PMID: 36832482 PMCID: PMC9955734 DOI: 10.3390/children10020353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Although research supports the feasibility and reliability of health-related physical fitness (HRPF) tests in typically developing children and adolescents, little is known regarding the feasibility and reliability of these tests for those with hearing impairments (HI). The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and reliability of a HRPF test battery for children and adolescents with HI. A test-retest design with a one-week interval was conducted with 26 participants with HI (mean age: 12.7 ± 2.8 years; 9 male). The feasibility and reliability of seven field-based HRPF tests (i.e., body mass index, grip strength, standing long jump, vital capacity, long distance run, sit-and-reach, one leg stand) were evaluated. All the tests showed high feasibility (completion rate > 90%). Six tests indicated good to excellent test-retest reliability (all intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] > 0.75) while the one leg stand test showed poor reliability (ICC = 0.36). Relatively large percentages of standard error of measurement (SEM%) and minimal detectable change (MDC%) were observed in the sit-and-reach test (SEM% = 52.4%, MDC% = 145.2%) and one leg stand test (SEM% = 107.9%, MDC% = 299.2%), whereas the rest of the tests demonstrated reasonable SEM% and MDC% values. Collectively, most of the tests can be feasibly and reliably used to assess HRPF for children and adolescents with HI.
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Ijezie OA, Healy J, Davies P, Balaguer-Ballester E, Heaslip V. Quality of life in adults with Down syndrome: A mixed methods systematic review. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280014. [PMID: 37126503 PMCID: PMC10150991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the life expectancy of adults (aged ≥ 18 years) with Down syndrome increases for a plethora of reasons including recognition of rights, access, and technological and medical advances, there is a need to collate evidence about their quality of life. OBJECTIVE Using Schalock and Verdugo's multidimensional quality of life assessment model, this systematic review aimed to identify, synthesise and integrate the quantitative and qualitative evidence on quality of life in adults with Down syndrome via self-and proxy-reporting. METHODS Five databases were systematically searched: MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify relevant articles published between 1980 and 2022 along with grey literature and reference lists from relevant studies. A mixed methods systematic review was performed according to the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology using the convergent integrated approach. The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. RESULTS Thirty-nine studies were included: 20 quantitative, 17 qualitative, and 2 mixed methods studies. The synthesised findings were grouped into the 8 core domains of quality of life: personal development, self-determination, interpersonal relations, social inclusion, rights, emotional, physical and material well-being. Of the 39 studies, 30 (76.92%) reported on emotional well-being and 10 (25.64%) on rights. Only 7 (17.94%) studies reported that adults with Down syndrome have a good quality of life centred around self-determination and interpersonal relations. Most adults with Down syndrome wanted to become more independent, have relationships, participate in the community, and exercise their human rights. Self-reported quality of life from adults with Down syndrome was rated higher than proxy reported quality of life. Discrepancies in quality of life instruments were discovered. CONCLUSION This review highlighted the need for a better systematic approach to improving the quality of life in adults with Down syndrome in targeted areas. Future research is required to evaluate self-and proxy-reporting methods and culture-specific quality of life instruments that are more appropriate for adults with Down syndrome. In addition, further studies should consider including digital assistive technologies to obtain self-reported quality of life data in adults with Down syndrome. INTERNATIONAL PROSPECTIVE REGISTER OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42019140056.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ogochukwu Ann Ijezie
- Department of Computing and Informatics, Bournemouth University, Poole, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Healy
- Department of Social Science and Social Work, Bournemouth University, Lansdowne, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Davies
- Department of Computing and Informatics, Bournemouth University, Poole, United Kingdom
| | - Emili Balaguer-Ballester
- Department of Computing and Informatics, Bournemouth University, Poole, United Kingdom
- Bernstein Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Vanessa Heaslip
- School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Social Studies, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
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10
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Ferreira JP, Matos R, Campos MJ, Monteiro D, Antunes R, Jacinto M. Effects of Physical Exercise Program in Adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities-A Study Protocol. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11247485. [PMID: 36556101 PMCID: PMC9786148 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11247485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a physical exercise (PE) program for people with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD), aiming to determine the effects on physical fitness, health, cognitive ability, and quality of life (QoL). Using experimental methodology, this intervention study recruited 21 adults (18 to 65 years old), institutionalized and with no other associated pathology, who will be allocated to one of the different groups: (i) gym/indoor intervention group (using weight machines), (ii) outdoor intervention group (using low-cost materials), or (iii) control group (without specific intervention, who continue with their normal daily activities). Both intervention groups will engage in 45 min of training per session, twice a week, for 24 weeks. Assessments will be conducted at baseline (initial assessment), 3 months (mid-term assessment), and 6 months (final assessment). Variables assessed include anthropometrics, body composition, functional capacity, muscle strength, general health, cognitive ability, and QoL. The results of this study will assist in the development of more effective strategies, recommendations, and interventions to ensure better and greater adherence to PE by institutionalized individuals with IDD, namely, recommendations for assessment, prescription, and implementation of PE for this population. Additionally, we intend to make available two PE programs, if they are adapted and promote positive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pedro Ferreira
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal
- Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui Matos
- ESECS–Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), 2040-413 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Maria João Campos
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal
- Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diogo Monteiro
- ESECS–Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), 2040-413 Leiria, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Raul Antunes
- ESECS–Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), 2040-413 Leiria, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Miguel Jacinto
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal
- ESECS–Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), 2040-413 Leiria, Portugal
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11
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Association between sleep quality and physical functioning in adults with down syndrome: A brief report. Disabil Health J 2021; 15:101173. [PMID: 34305019 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2021.101173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep quality is associated with physical functioning in adults, but this has not been examined in those with Down syndrome (DS). High body mass index (BMI) and accelerated aging, both common in adults with DS, may alter the relationship between sleep quality and physical functioning in this population. OBJECTIVE To examine sleep quality indicators and its association with physical functioning in adults with DS, and whether associations are altered by BMI and age. METHODS Participants were 15 adults with DS (8 women; age 29 ± 14 years). We evaluated sleep quality over seven days with wrist-worn accelerometers and physical functioning with the timed-up-and-go (TUG) and 6-min walk (6 MW) tests. We examined the associations between sleep quality and physical functioning variables using Spearman's rho. RESULTS Sleep quality indicators were: total sleep time 407 ± 54 min; latency 26.8 ± 21 min; efficiency 73.9 ± 12 %; wake after sleep onset 122.8 ± 65.2 min; number of awakenings 21.0 ± 6.2; and average length of awakenings 6.1 ± 3 min. Total sleep time and average length of awakenings were significantly associated with 6 MW distances (rho = 0.58 and -0.69; p < 0.05, respectively). After controlling for age and BMI, 6 MW distance was significantly associated with total sleep time, latency, efficiency, and average length of awakenings (rho = 0.56, -0.73, 0.60, and -0.87; p < 0.05, respectively). TUG was significantly associated with total time in bed (rho = 0.71); p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Sleep quality indicators are associated with walking performance in adults with DS. Age and BMI strengthen the relationship between sleep quality and physical functioning.
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12
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Stander J, du Preez JC, Kritzinger C, Obermeyer NM, Struwig S, van Wyk N, Zaayman J, Burger M. Effect of virtual reality therapy, combined with physiotherapy for improving motor proficiency in individuals with Down syndrome: A systematic review. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 2021; 77:1516. [PMID: 34192206 PMCID: PMC8182459 DOI: 10.4102/sajp.v77i1.1516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals with Down syndrome may struggle with anticipatory postural adjustments, and adapt slower to motor tasks and environmental changes, due to decreased motor proficiency. Objectives To determine the effectiveness of virtual reality therapy (VRT), specifically Nintendo Wii, combined with physiotherapy or occupational therapy (OT) for improving motor proficiency in individuals with Down syndrome, compared to standard physiotherapy, OT or no intervention. Method Nine computerised databases were searched from inception to July 2020. Methodological quality of randomised controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies was appraised using the physiotherapy evidence database (PEDro) scale and the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Case Reports. Results Two randomised controlled trials and four quasi-experimental studies were included, with an average PEDro score of 7.3. One included case study scored 5. This review included 345 participants. Motor proficiency includes balance, coordination, strength and agility. Agility showed a significant improvement after 5 (p = 0.01) or 24 (p < 0.01) weeks. Strength showed a significant improvement after a 6- (p = 0.000) or 24-week intervention (p < 0.05). Balance showed inconclusive results for adults, and significant improvement in children after 6 (p = 0.000), 8 (p < 0.05) or 24 (p < 0.003) weeks. One study (n = 155) showed that upper limb and bilateral coordination improved significantly after 24 weeks (p < 0.003). Conclusion Level II, III-1 and IV evidence suggested that VRT may be valuable to improve agility and strength in individuals with Down syndrome, and balance and coordination in children with Down syndrome. Clinical implications It may be beneficial to use VRT in addition to standard physiotherapy or OT interventions for improving motor proficiency in individuals with Down syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Stander
- Division of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jennifer C du Preez
- Division of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Chantel Kritzinger
- Division of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Natasha M Obermeyer
- Division of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Silke Struwig
- Division of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nikki van Wyk
- Division of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jessica Zaayman
- Division of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marlette Burger
- Division of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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13
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Reliability and Validity of the Six Spot Step Test in People with Intellectual Disability. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11020201. [PMID: 33562007 PMCID: PMC7914911 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical tests for the evaluation of balance in people with intellectual disability that have been most commonly used depend on the subjective evaluation of the evaluator, easily reach the ceiling effect and are poorly sensitive to small changes; but new tests have been developed, such as the Six Spot Step Test. The aim of this study was to determine the validity and within-day and day-to-day test–retest reliability of the Six Spot Step Test in people with intellectual disability. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 18 people with intellectual disability. The participants conducted the Six Spot Step Test three times and a set of five clinical tests for the balance assessment. The relative reliability was excellent (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) = 0.86 − 0.97), and the absolute reliability ranged between 4.7% and 7.3% for coefficient variation and between 0.6 and 1.2 for the standard error of measurement. Linear regression models showed that that test can explain the results of the Timed Up & Go, Four Square Step Test and the Berg Balance Scale. The Six Spot Step Test proved to be as valid and reliable for the evaluation of dynamic balance in people with intellectual disability as the most frequently used tests for the clinical evaluation of postural control.
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14
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Cabeza-Ruiz R. Considerations for the Design of a Physical Fitness Battery to Assess Adults with Intellectual Disabilities: Preliminary Reference Values for the SAMU DIS-FIT Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17249280. [PMID: 33322511 PMCID: PMC7763473 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
For the assessment of the health-related physical fitness (PF) of individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID), tools designed for people without disabilities have generally been used. Also, the results of these assessments have routinely been compared with the scores obtained by people without ID. The objectives of the present study are to present the rationale for the design of an assessment battery for PF, the so-called SAMU DIS-FIT battery, and to present the results obtained by the participants classified according to age, sex, and level of PF (physical fitness). The selection criteria for the tests that would make up the battery were: (i) utility, (ii) psychometric properties, (iii) easiness and diversity, (iv) simplicity of execution, (v) familiarity and motivation, and (vi) economy of resources. A cross-sectional study was designed to assess the PF of 261 individuals with ID. To interpret the results obtained by the participants, each of the quantitative variables of PF was categorized into three levels: lower-fit, mid-fit, and higher-fit. The findings of this study serve as a first step in establishing PF baseline values for individuals with ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Cabeza-Ruiz
- Department of Human Movement and Sport Performance, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
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15
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Feasibility and reliability of a physical fitness tests battery for adults with intellectual disabilities: The SAMU DIS-FIT battery. Disabil Health J 2020; 13:100886. [PMID: 31937435 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2020.100886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with intellectual disability (ID) have lower performances in physical fitness (PF) tests than people without ID, a situation that exists during all the life stages. However, the assessment of the FP of persons with ID often uses instruments that were designed for non-disabled people. AIM To check the reliability and feasibility of 8 PF tests in adults with mild to moderate ID. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out with a test-retest design in a maximum interval of 2 weeks with 240 adults (160 men and 80 women) with mild to moderate ID in order to assess the feasibility and reliability of the following 8 tests: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), the timed up & go test (TUG), the deep trunk flexion test (DTF), the hand grip test (HG), the timed stand test (TST), the 30-s sit-up (SUP) test, and the 6-min walk test (6MWT). The complete battery was called the SAMU-Disability Fitness Battery (SAMU-DISFIT). The psychometric properties of the battery, feasibility, reliability, the standard error of the measurement (SEM) and the minimal detectable change (MDC) were calculated. RESULTS The TUG, DTF, HG, TST, and 6MWT showed an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) from fair to high reliability. Only the SUP test in men had an ICC lower than 0.7 and high SEM values. CONCLUSION The psychometric properties provide robust data on the use of the SAMU-DISFIT battery in people with ID and can be considered a useful tool for assessing PF in adults with mild to moderate ID in future research.
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