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Kumar Nath S, Panwar PS, Dhull KS, Surana P, Arya A, Tiwari J. Malocclusion among patients at Agartala, Tripura, India. Bioinformation 2024; 20:258-260. [PMID: 38712008 PMCID: PMC11069611 DOI: 10.6026/973206300200258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Malocclusion is the mal-relationship of dental arches with or without an irregularity of the teeth. Therefore, it is of interest to estimate the rate of occurrence of malocclusion within the population of Agartala city, Tripura, India. The study included 850 individuals ranging from 16 to 24 years of age, which were categorized into five distinct classifications, namely normal occlusion, Angle's Class I malocclusion, Class II Division 1, Class II Division 2, and Class III malocclusion. Data shows that normal occlusal alignment was observed in 29.41% of the participants, whereas a majority of 70.59% exhibited various forms of malocclusion among this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shib Kumar Nath
- Department of Orthodontics And Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Agartala Govt. Dental College And IGM Hospital, Agartala, Tripura, India
| | | | - Kanika Singh Dhull
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Pratik Surana
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Maitri College of Dentistry and Research Centre, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Ashtha Arya
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SGT Dental College, Hospital and Research Institute, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana - 122505, India
| | - Jayesh Tiwari
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, New Horizon Dental College & Research Institute, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
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Petrescu SMS, Pisc RM, Ioana T, Mărășescu FI, Manolea HO, Popescu MR, Dragomir LP, Dragomir LC, Florea Ș, Bărăscu-Petrescu RA, Ionescu M, Rauten AM. Prevalence of Malocclusions among Schoolchildren from Southwestern Romania. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:705. [PMID: 38611618 PMCID: PMC11011840 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14070705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Malocclusions have a continuously increasing prevalence from one generation to another as a result of climate change, soil, atmosphere, and water pollution. All of these aspects have unfavorable consequences for the nutritional scheme. Thus, nutrition, together with other etiopathogenic factors, contributes to complex alterations in the somatic development of the entire organism and, implicitly, of the cephalic extremity. The study group included 4147 children from randomly selected schools from Vâlcea County, Romania. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of malocclusions in schoolchildren in Vâlcea County, Romania, according to the three main classes of malocclusions (according to Angle's classification), age groups (from 6 to 10 years old and from 11 to 14 years old), gender (male and female), and place of origin (rural and urban). For Angle class I malocclusions, we recorded the highest prevalence (48.78% of the total number of schoolchildren with malocclusions), followed by Angle class II malocclusions (45.85% of the total number of schoolchildren with malocclusions), and for Angle class III malocclusions we found the lowest prevalence (5.37% of the total number of schoolchildren with malocclusions). According to gender, we found the highest prevalence in the female gender (29.90% of the total number of female subjects), while in the male gender, we recorded a prevalence of 27.70% of the total number of male subjects. Regarding the place of origin, there is a higher prevalence of malocclusions in urban areas (29.16%). The study subgroup included 140 children randomly selected from the total number of subjects in the study group. They were included in a more advanced study. The aim is to find potential associations between the presence of malocclusions and various oral variables. Categorical variables were expressed as numerical values and percentages, and their association was evaluated with either the Chi-square test of association or homogeneity, or the Fisher Exact test. The acquired data were incorporated into a binomial logistic regression model to assess the likelihood of developing malocclusions in relation to the following variables: defective phonation, bruxism, frequency of teeth brushing, onychophagia, oral respiration, infantile deglutition, placing objects between the maxillaries, thumb sucking, and salivary aspects. It is also aimed at comparing the results obtained with similar ones from the specialized literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stelian-Mihai-Sever Petrescu
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (S.-M.-S.P.); (R.M.P.); (T.I.); (F.I.M.); (A.-M.R.)
| | - Radu Mircea Pisc
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (S.-M.-S.P.); (R.M.P.); (T.I.); (F.I.M.); (A.-M.R.)
| | - Tamara Ioana
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (S.-M.-S.P.); (R.M.P.); (T.I.); (F.I.M.); (A.-M.R.)
| | - Felicia Ileana Mărășescu
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (S.-M.-S.P.); (R.M.P.); (T.I.); (F.I.M.); (A.-M.R.)
| | - Horia Octavian Manolea
- Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Mihai Raul Popescu
- Department of Occlusology and Fixed Prosthetics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (M.R.P.); (L.P.D.); (L.C.D.); (Ș.F.)
| | - Lucian Paul Dragomir
- Department of Occlusology and Fixed Prosthetics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (M.R.P.); (L.P.D.); (L.C.D.); (Ș.F.)
| | - Lucian Constantin Dragomir
- Department of Occlusology and Fixed Prosthetics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (M.R.P.); (L.P.D.); (L.C.D.); (Ș.F.)
| | - Ștefan Florea
- Department of Occlusology and Fixed Prosthetics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (M.R.P.); (L.P.D.); (L.C.D.); (Ș.F.)
| | - Roxana Adina Bărăscu-Petrescu
- Department of Prosthetics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Mihaela Ionescu
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Anne-Marie Rauten
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (S.-M.-S.P.); (R.M.P.); (T.I.); (F.I.M.); (A.-M.R.)
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Tariq R, Khan MT, Afaq A, Tariq S, Tariq Y, Khan SS. Malocclusion: Prevalence and Determinants among Adolescents of Karachi, Pakistan. Eur J Dent 2024; 18:143-153. [PMID: 37059446 PMCID: PMC10959627 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1761461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of malocclusion and its associated demographic and clinical factors in young adolescents (13-15 years) of Karachi, Pakistan. MATERIALS AND METHODS An epidemiological survey included 500 young adolescents of registered schools, madrassas (Islamic education system), and shop workers of Gulshan-e-Iqbal Town. It was a cross-sectional analytical study design. Multistage random sampling technique was used to enroll participants. The pattern of occlusion was recorded with other related features using Angle's classification. Health status was recorded through World Health Organization-guided indices (decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth [DMFT], community periodontal index of treatment needs [CPITN], and body mass index [BMI]). The information, thus, obtained was analyzed through SPSS using the chi-squared test and regression models. RESULTS Forty four percent of the participants were female, while overall estimated prevalence of malocclusion in young adolescents of Karachi was 57.4%. After adjustments, participants going to any kind of education system had less malocclusion in comparison to those who were not going to any education system (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.305, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.12-0.73); mother's education especially higher level (aOR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.08-3.75) and presence of periodontal disease (aOR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.06-2.33) were significantly associated with malocclusion. CONCLUSION This study showed that the class I malocclusion is prevalent in the local community. Demographic factors like gender, age, self-reported ethnicity, and BMI did not show any significant role. Education or knowledge of parents and young adolescents does play an influential role in decreasing malocclusion. Young adolescents, who are more prone to oral health problems at an early age, would have more chances to develop occlusal discrepancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Tariq
- Department of Research, School of Public Health, Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tahir Khan
- School of Public Health, Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ashar Afaq
- Dow International Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Tariq
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, Liaquat College of Medicine and Dentistry, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Tariq
- Center of Advanced Consultants in Healthcare Education and Training, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sana Shakil Khan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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Kalbande B, Jadhav VV, Reche A, Nerurkar S, Ghulaxe Y. Treatment of Skeletal Class II Division 1 Using Twin Block Myofunctional Appliance. Cureus 2023; 15:e47713. [PMID: 38022141 PMCID: PMC10675844 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Myofunctional appliances are customarily used to treat Class II malocclusions in growing children to alter their growth. Functional appliances are widely accepted to enhance skeletal relationships in the short term efficiently. It utilizes muscular forces by muscles to make dental and skeleton modifications. The myofunctional appliance might be removable or fixed. The variation of mode and method of action depends on the design, but the forces created by the muscles' stretching provide their effect. According to research, the effectiveness of functional appliances as a therapy for Class II malocclusion might be influenced by mandibular growth patterns. Their low skeletal maturation influence outweighs the primary dentoalveolar impact of the twin block myofunctional orthodontic appliances. Class II malocclusions can benefit by using myofunctional appliances in specific clinical situations, such as when the patient is still developing. These devices make the fixed appliance phase easier to use, but their effectiveness depends heavily on the patient's compliance. In this case, an 11-year-old female expressed concern about the forward positioning of her upper front teeth when she visited the department of orthodontics. Twin block, a myofunctional appliance, was used to manage it, and then fixed orthodontic treatment was used to fine-tune the occlusion. This case report illustrates the design and treatment effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhakti Kalbande
- Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Vikrant V Jadhav
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Amit Reche
- Public Health Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sumukh Nerurkar
- Orthodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Yash Ghulaxe
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Yin J, Zhang H, Zeng X, Yu J, Wang H, Jiang Y, Da D, Li Q, Zhang Y. Prevalence and influencing factors of malocclusion in adolescents in Shanghai, China. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:590. [PMID: 37620836 PMCID: PMC10464309 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main purpose of the study was to investigate the prevalence and related risk factors of malocclusion in permanent dentition among adolescents in Shanghai, and provide basic data for government's preventive strategies and intervention plans. METHODS 1799 adolescents aged 11-15 years old from 18 middle schools in 6 districts of Shanghai were recruited to investigate oral health status and related risk factors using cluster random sampling method in 2021. Malocclusion and caries were examined by on-site inspection. The investigation criteria referred to Bjoerk and the recommendation of the WHO. The malocclusion inspection items included molars relationship, canine relationship, overbite, overjet, midline displacement, anterior crossbite, posterior crossbite, scissors bite, crowding and spacing. The subjects were asked to fill in a questionnaire including parents' education level, oral health behaviors and dietary habits. The chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the relationship between malocclusion and risk factors. RESULTS 1799 adolescents were included in the study and the prevalence of malocclusion in adolescents in Shanghai was 83.5%, and the proportion of molar relationship class I, class II, and class III was 48.9%, 14.7%, and 19.0%, respectively. The most common occlusal characteristic of malocclusion was anterior crowding, followed by midline irregularities and deep overbite, with prevalence rates of 44.8%, 39.0% and 38.6%, respectively. The prevalence rate of adolescents with caries was 34.3%. Those who had dental caries and preferred soft food were more likely to have abnormal occlusal characteristics (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The prevalence of malocclusion in adolescents in Shanghai is high, so it is of great significance to strengthen oral health education, allocate proper preventive strategies and carry out the early correction if necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Yin
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, 356 East Beijing Rd, Shanghai, 200001, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, 356 East Beijing Rd, Shanghai, 200001, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Zeng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, 356 East Beijing Rd, Shanghai, 200001, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Yu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, 356 East Beijing Rd, Shanghai, 200001, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huning Wang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, 356 East Beijing Rd, Shanghai, 200001, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwei Jiang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, 356 East Beijing Rd, Shanghai, 200001, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongxin Da
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, 356 East Beijing Rd, Shanghai, 200001, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, 356 East Beijing Rd, Shanghai, 200001, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, 356 East Beijing Rd, Shanghai, 200001, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Katta M, Petrescu SMS, Dragomir LP, Popescu MR, Georgescu RV, Țuculină MJ, Popa DL, Duță A, Diaconu OA, Dascălu IT. Using the Finite Element Method to Determine the Odonto-Periodontal Stress for a Patient with Angle Class II Division 1 Malocclusion. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13091567. [PMID: 37174958 PMCID: PMC10177595 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13091567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The finite element method (FEM) is a computational method that can solve all biomechanical problems, including the field of orthodontics. The purpose of this virtual experimental study is to determine the behavior of a real orthodontic system subjected to different systems of loads. To analyze the real orthodontic system, we studied the case of a 21-year-old female patient. We used the InVesalius program, which can transform a set of DICOM-type images taken from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) into three-dimensional structures. These structures were edited, modified, completed, and analyzed from a geometric point of view with the help of the Geomagic software. The final result of these operations must be a three-dimensional model made up of perfectly closed surfaces so that they can be transformed into virtual solids. The model consisting of perfectly closed surfaces is loaded into computer-aided design (CAD) programs. Bracket and tube components, as well as orthodontic wires, can be added to these models, similar to the analyzed patient's tissues. When the model is complete and geometrically correct, it is exported to a program that uses FEM, such as Ansys Workbench. The simulation was performed for the forces of 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, and 1 N. The intention was to determine the behavior of the entire orthodontic system for these force values. After running the simulations, result maps were obtained that were composed of displacement, strain, and stress diagrams. It was also found that, in addition to the known rigidity, the orthodontic system has some elasticity due to the orthodontic wires, as well as the periodontal ligaments. Thus, a virtual analysis study can be carried out starting from a real patient with pre-treatment CBCT images and the virtual models of the bracket and tube elements and of the orthodontic wires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Katta
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Stelian-Mihai-Sever Petrescu
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Lucian Paul Dragomir
- Department of Occlusology and Fixed Prosthetics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Mihai Raul Popescu
- Department of Occlusology and Fixed Prosthetics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Ruxandra Voinea Georgescu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Titu Maiorescu" University of Bucharest, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Jana Țuculină
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Dragoș Laurențiu Popa
- Department of Automotive, Transportation and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Mechanics, University of Craiova, 200478 Craiova, Romania
| | - Alina Duță
- Department of Automotive, Transportation and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Mechanics, University of Craiova, 200478 Craiova, Romania
| | - Oana Andreea Diaconu
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Ionela Teodora Dascălu
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
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Luppieri V, Pecori A, Spedicati B, Schito R, Pozzan L, Santin A, Girotto G, Cadenaro M, Concas MP. Odontostomatological Traits in North-Eastern Italy's Isolated Populations: An Epidemiological Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12072746. [PMID: 37048829 PMCID: PMC10095173 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12072746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Malocclusions and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are oral health problems that are spread worldwide. To date, few studies focused on their prevalence and associated risk factors are available. This study aims to define the prevalence and distribution of odontostomatological traits and evaluate specific risk factors in isolated villages in north-eastern Italy, taking advantage of their environmental homogeneity. Nine hundred and forty-four participants aged six to eighty-nine years were enrolled. Thirty-one odontostomatological phenotypes, classified into five domains (airways, bad habits, extraoral and intraoral parameters, TMDs, and teeth), were evaluated. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed; mixed logistic models were used to test the relationships among the traits. According to the study's findings, Angle's class I was prevalent (65.3%) followed by class II malocclusion (24.3%); class III and reversed overjet were the least frequent malocclusions (10.4% and 1.8%, respectively). Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) click/noise was prevalent among TMDs (34.7%). The statistically significant (p-value < 0.05) risk factors were ankyloglossia for phonetic issues (OR 1.90) and bruxism for TMJ click/noise (OR 1.70) and pain (OR 2.20). Overall, this work provides a picture of the prevalence of malocclusions and TMDs in a large Italian sample and reveals risk factors to take into account in the development of preventive strategies and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Luppieri
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo"-Trieste, Via dell'Istria 65, 34137 Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pecori
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo"-Trieste, Via dell'Istria 65, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Beatrice Spedicati
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo"-Trieste, Via dell'Istria 65, 34137 Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Riccardo Schito
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Lucia Pozzan
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Aurora Santin
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giorgia Girotto
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo"-Trieste, Via dell'Istria 65, 34137 Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Milena Cadenaro
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo"-Trieste, Via dell'Istria 65, 34137 Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Concas
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo"-Trieste, Via dell'Istria 65, 34137 Trieste, Italy
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Prevalence of Orthodontic Malocclusions in Healthy Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127446. [PMID: 35742703 PMCID: PMC9223594 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature regarding the prevalence of malocclusion and different orthodontic features in children and adolescents. Methods: The digital databases PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Open Grey, and Web of Science were searched from inception to November 2021. Epidemiological studies, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, and comparative studies involving subjects ≤ 18 years old and focusing on the prevalence of malocclusion and different orthodontic features were selected. Articles written in English, Dutch, French, German, Spanish, and Portuguese were included. Three authors independently assessed the eligibility, extracted the data from, and ascertained the quality of the studies. Since all of the included articles were non-randomized, the MINORS tool was used to score the risk of bias. Results: The initial electronic database search identified a total of 6775 articles. After the removal of duplicates, 4646 articles were screened using the title and abstract. A total of 415 full-text articles were assessed, and 123 articles were finally included for qualitative analysis. The range of prevalence of Angle Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusion was very large, with a mean prevalence of 51.9% (SD 20.7), 23.8% (SD 14.6), and 6.5% (SD 6.5), respectively. As for the prevalence of overjet, reversed overjet, overbite, and open bite, no means were calculated due to the large variation in the definitions, measurements, methodologies, and cut-off points among the studies. The prevalence of anterior crossbite, posterior crossbite, and crossbite with functional shift were 7.8% (SD 6.5), 9.0% (SD 7.34), and 12.2% (SD 7.8), respectively. The prevalence of hypodontia and hyperdontia were reported to be 6.8% (SD 4.2) and 1.8% (SD 1.3), respectively. For impacted teeth, ectopic eruption, and transposition, means of 4.9% (SD 3.7), 5.4% (SD 3.8), and 0.5% (SD 0.5) were found, respectively. Conclusions: There is an urgent need to clearly define orthodontic features and malocclusion traits as well as to reach consensus on the protocols used to quantify them. The large variety in methodological approaches found in the literature makes the data regarding prevalence of malocclusion unreliable.
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Vaida LL, Bud ES, Halitchi LG, Cavalu S, Todor BI, Negrutiu BM, Moca AE, Bodog FD. The Behavior of Two Types of Upper Removable Retainers-Our Clinical Experience. CHILDREN-BASEL 2020; 7:children7120295. [PMID: 33339121 PMCID: PMC7765545 DOI: 10.3390/children7120295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Hawley retainer (HR) and the vacuum-formed retainer (VFR) are the most common removable retainers in orthodontic treatments. The aim of this retrospective study was to comparatively analyze the behavior of two types of removable retainers—HRs and VFRs—in terms of retainer damage, loss, and the rate of installation of mild or severe relapse that required recourse to certain therapeutic interventions. The study was performed on 618 orthodontic patients aged 11–17 years, average age 13.98 ± 1.51, out of which 57% were patients having VFRs and the remaining 43% having HRs in the upper arch. We performed an analysis of the two groups of patients—HRs group and VFRs group—at 6 months (T1) and at 12 months (T2) after the application of the retainer. The results showed that 6% of all the retainers were damaged, mostly at T2 (54.1%). Seven percent of all the retainers were lost, mostly at T1 (58.1%). Of all the patients, 9.1% presented mild relapse, mostly at T1 (58.9%), while 2.6% presented severe relapse. The VFRs were significantly more frequently associated with the occurrence of damage than the HRs (p < 0.001). Severe relapse was more frequently associated with the HRs rather than with VFRs (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luminita Ligia Vaida
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1 Universitatii Str., 410087 Oradea, Romania; (L.L.V.); (B.I.T.); (B.M.N.); (A.E.M.)
| | - Eugen Silviu Bud
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Science and Technology G.E Palade, 38 Gh. Marinescu Str., 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
- Correspondence: (E.S.B.); (L.G.H.)
| | - Liliana Gabriela Halitchi
- Department of Clinical Disciplines, Faculty of Dentistry, Apollonia University of Iasi, 2 Muzicii Str., 700399 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (E.S.B.); (L.G.H.)
| | - Simona Cavalu
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1 Universitatii Str., 410087 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Bianca Ioana Todor
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1 Universitatii Str., 410087 Oradea, Romania; (L.L.V.); (B.I.T.); (B.M.N.); (A.E.M.)
| | - Bianca Maria Negrutiu
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1 Universitatii Str., 410087 Oradea, Romania; (L.L.V.); (B.I.T.); (B.M.N.); (A.E.M.)
| | - Abel Emanuel Moca
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1 Universitatii Str., 410087 Oradea, Romania; (L.L.V.); (B.I.T.); (B.M.N.); (A.E.M.)
| | - Florian Dorel Bodog
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1 Universitatii Str., 410087 Oradea, Romania;
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