Clinical Physicians' Attitudes towards Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) and Their Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) in Wuhan, China

Access from healthcare professionals to evidence-based pharmacotherapy in allergy management

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

Access to evidence-based pharmacotherapy (EBP) is crucial in effectively managing allergies. Allergy conditions, including rhinitis, asthma, and dermatitis, require treatment guided by scientific evidence. However, healthcare professionals face challenges in accessing relevant information.

RECENT FINDINGS

The dynamic nature of allergy research, coupled with limited resources and variability in practice guidelines, complicates decision-making.

SUMMARY

To enhance access, healthcare institutions should invest in comprehensive online resources tailored to allergy management, such as databases and platforms. Advances in algorithm development have shown that artificial intelligence and machine learning can enhance clinical decision-making. Integrating allergy-specific Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) into electronic health records can assist professionals in making EBP decisions at the point of care. Continuing education and training programs focused on allergy management can keep healthcare providers updated on the latest research and guidelines. Multidisciplinary teams facilitate knowledge exchange and standardize practice approaches. Social media outlets can be a great route to publicize work carried out or in progress to a target audience of interest. By bridging the gap between evidence and practice in allergy management, healthcare systems can ensure optimal care for patients, alleviating the burden of allergic diseases on individuals and society.

Self-perceived knowledge, attitude, and practice of evidence-based medicine before and after training among healthcare workers in Taizhou, China

BACKGROUND

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is the combination of the best research evidence with our clinical expertise, specific situations, and the unique values of our patients. It is essential to evaluate the effectiveness of EBM training for healthcare workers (HCWs).

OBJECTIVES

This study aims to assess the impact of EBM training on HCWs' knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) related to EBM.

METHODS

A self-reported online survey was carried out to investigate KAP related to EBM among HCWs at a tertiary hospital in Taizhou, China. HCWs participated in EBM training on 9 and 10 September 2023. The questionnaire survey was conducted to understand KAP related to EBM before and after the training, and to compare and analyze the results before and after the training. The R software (version 4.1.0) was used to analyze data.

RESULTS

Sixty-four HCWs completed the survey with a response rate of 52.5% (64/122). The overall average scores of KAP related to EBM before training were 55.3, 63.0, and 34.5, respectively, and 56.9, 66.5, and 34.7 were the scores of KAP after training. HCWs' scores of knowledge (P = 0.033) and attitude (P < 0.001) related to EBM improved significantly after the training.

CONCLUSION

This study implied that EBM training may improve the knowledge and attitude of HCWs, and its teaching effect is considerable.

Examination of learning ability development through the implementation of the "autonomy-collaboration" learning mode grounded in evidence-based medicine practice

OBJECTIVE

Currently, there are still some shortcomings in EBM education in China.The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the novel evidence-based medicine (EBM) learning model of "autonomy-collaboration."

METHODS

A total of 91 undergraduate students majoring in clinical medicine at Zhongshan Clinical College of Dalian University from the 2019 batch were selected as the participants in this study. They were instructed to follow the EBM learning model of "autonomy-collaboration." Upon completion of the course, questionnaires, records of participants' sentiments and insights, and evidence-based clinical practice reports were used as indicators to evaluate the effectiveness of the training.

RESULTS

This learning modality effectively enhanced independent learning ability of the students, stimulated their interest in learning, and strengthened the communication between students and teachers, thereby improving the quality of teaching.

CONCLUSION

The novel EBM learning model of "autonomy-collaboration," exhibited robust effectiveness in instruction and facilitated the seamless integration of theoretical knowledge with clinical practice. Consequently, its widespread adoption is strongly recommended.

Do we really apply evidence-based-recommendations to spine surgery? Results of an international survey

OBJECTIVE

This international survey investigated Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) in spine surgery by measuring its acceptance among spine surgeons. It assessed their understanding of EBM and how they apply it in practice by analyzing responses to various clinical scenarios..

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Following the CHERRIES guidelines, an e-survey was distributed to multiple social media forums for neurosurgeons and orthopedic surgeons on Facebook, LinkedIn, and Telegram and circulated further through email via the authors' network. Three hundred participants from Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, and Oceania completed the survey.

RESULTS

Our study revealed that 67.7% (n = 203) of respondents used EBM in their practice, and 97.3% (n = 292) believed training in research methodology and EBM was necessary for the practice of spine surgery. Despite this endorsement of using EBM in spine surgery, we observed varied responses to how EBM is applied in practice based on example scenarios. The responders who had additional training tended to obey EBM guidelines more than those who had no additional training. Most surgeons responded as always or sometimes prescribing methylprednisolone to patients with acute spinal cord injury. Other significant differences were identified between geographical regions, training, practice settings, and other factors.

CONCLUSIONS

Most respondents used EBM in practice and believed training in research methodology and EBM is necessary for spine surgery; however, there were significant variations on how to use them per case. Thus, the appropriate application of EBM in clinical settings for spinal surgery must be further studied.

Assessing Evidence-Based Practice in Operating Room Nursing Students: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Southwest of Iran

Evidence-based practice (EBP) is a clinical decision-making process that is grounded in the utilization of the most reliable and up-to-date evidence. It involves utilizing resources and evidence to enhance patient management. The application of evidence-based decisions in patient care and education is of utmost importance in the performance of health sciences students. However, the emphasis on this concept among operating room nursing students has been lacking. Hence, the objective of this research is to assess the implementation of evidence-based practice among operating room nursing students studying in the operating room department at the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in Iran. The study follows a descriptive, cross-sectional design, with a sample of 148 operating room nursing students selected through census sampling based on the student list. After obtaining informed consent, participants completed a demographic information form and the Rubin-Parrish evidence-based practice questionnaire. The data that were gathered underwent analysis through the utilization of SPSS version 22 software, employing descriptive statistics, T-tests, and Pearson correlation coefficient tests. The results revealed that the overall average score of evidence-based practice among the students exceeded the standard scores (172.66 ± 14.74). There was a significant association between the evidence-based practice score and prior familiarity with evidence-based practice, interest in the field of study, research experience, intention to participate in the Master's exam, and the participants' grade point average (GPA) (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that operating room nursing students displayed an average level of evidence-based practice, emphasizing the need for effective plans and strategies to improve their performance. Addressing the identified factors from this study becomes crucial in this regard.

Competency in evidence-based medicine and associated factors among medical radiology technologists in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

INTRODUCTION

Evidence-based medicine integrates clinical expertise, patient values and best research evidence in clinical decision-making. This study aimed to assess evidence-based medicine knowledge, attitudes, practices and associated factors among medical radiology technologists in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 392 medical radiology technologists from May to August 2022 using a self-administered questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression identified factors associated with evidence-based medicine practice.

RESULTS

Most medical radiology technologists (57.7%) had moderate evidence-based medicine knowledge and 94.9% had favourable attitudes. However, 64.8% demonstrated poor evidence-based medicine practice. Factors significantly associated with better evidence-based medicine practice were moderate knowledge (AOR 1.949, 95% CI 1.155-3.291), good statistical understanding (AOR 1.824, 95% CI 1.135-2.930), sufficient time for evidence-based medicine (AOR 1.892, 95% CI 1.140-3.141), institutional support (AOR 2.093, 95% CI 1.271-3.440) and evidence-based medicine resource access (AOR 1.653, 95% CI 1.028-2.656).

CONCLUSION

Despite moderate knowledge and positive attitudes towards evidence-based medicine, most medical radiology technologists had suboptimal utilisation. Strategies to improve knowledge, ensure dedicated time, provide institutional support and resources could enhance evidence-based radiology practice.

The effect of capacity building evidence-based medicine training on its implementation among healthcare professionals in Southwest Ethiopia: a controlled quasi-experimental outcome evaluation

BACKGROUND

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) bridges research and clinical practice to enhance medical knowledge and improve patient care. However, clinical decisions in many African countries don't base on the best available scientific evidence. Hence, this study aimed to determine the effect of training interventions on background knowledge and awareness of EBM sources, attitude, competence, and practice of EBM among healthcare professionals.

METHOD

We designed a controlled group quasi-experimental pre-post test study to evaluate the effect of capacity-building EBM training. A total of 192 healthcare professionals were recruited in the study (96 from the intervention and 96 from the control group). We used a difference-in-differences (DID) analysis to determine the effect of the training. Along the way, we used a fixed effect panel-data regression model to assess variables that could affect healthcare professionals' practice of EBM. The cut point to determine the significant effect of EBM training on healthcare professionals' background knowledge and awareness of EBM sources, attitude, and competence was at a P-value < 0.05.

RESULT

The DID estimator showed a significant net change of 8.0%, 17.1%, and 11.4% at P < 0.01 on attitude, competence, and practice of EBM, respectively, whereas no significant increment in the background knowledge and awareness of EBM sources. The fixed effect regression model showed that the attitude [OR = 2.288, 95% CI: (1.049, 4.989)], competence [OR = 4.174, 95% CI: 1.984, 8.780)], technical support [OR = 2.222, 95% CI: (1.043, 3.401)], and internet access [OR = 1.984, 95% CI: (1.073, 4.048)] were significantly affected EBM practice.

CONCLUSION

The capacity-building training improved attitude, competence, and EBM practice. Policymakers, government, and other concerned bodies recommended focusing on a well-designed training strategy to enhance the attitude, competence, and practice towards EBM among healthcare professionals. It was also recommended to enhance internet access and set mechanisms to provide technical support at health facilities.

Core competencies of healthcare professionals in Oman: Research and evidence-based practice needs attention

AIM

The aim of the study was to examine (1) the perceptions on core competencies of healthcare professionals working at clinical settings in Oman and (2) which demographic characteristics explain the overall core competency.

DESIGN

A cross-sectional design.

METHODS

Healthcare Professional Core Competency Instrument, consisting of 11 sub-scales with 81 items, was distributed to healthcare professionals (n = 1,543; 826 nurses and 717 physicians) who worked at primary, secondary and tertiary healthcare institutions. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and linear regression were used for data analysis.

RESULTS

Altogether 1,078 healthcare professionals (628 nurses and 450 physicians) responded representing 70% overall response rate. Healthcare professionals perceived their overall core competence as excellent, safety being the highest, and research and evidence-based practice was the lowest. The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that ethnicity, gender and years of working experience were the characters that explained the overall core competence, where expatriate senior professionals reported higher competency levels compared with counterparts.

Critically Appraising Pragmatist Critiques of Evidence-Based Medicine: Is EBM Defensible on Pragmatist Grounds?

Significant contributions to debates in the philosophy of evidence-based medicine (EBM) have come from a variety of different philosophical quarters, yet mainstream discourse in the field has been largely devoid of contributions from scholars working in the pragmatist tradition. This is a particularly conspicuous omission, given pragmatism's commitment to the melioristic view that philosophy both can, and should, be about the business of concretely bettering the human estate. Two exceptions to this oversight come from Brian Walsh and Maya Goldenberg. Unfortunately, in both cases, the misapplication of pragmatist thinking leads to the mistaken view that EBM is committed to some form of pernicious objectivism. This article aims to revise these pragmatist critiques in order to bring them more consistently in line with pragmatist values and commitments. Doing so shows that EBM is defensible on pragmatist grounds against objectivist attacks.

Effectiveness of clinical integrated short course training of evidence based medicine for postgraduate medical specialty students in Ethiopia in 2022: A randomized control trial

BACKGROUND

Evidence based medicine (EBM) is a newly emerged philosophy of medical education and health care service which brings quality of health service, efficient use of materials, and patient satisfaction.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the effectiveness of clinical integrated short course training of EBM for post-graduation medical specialty students in Ethiopia, 2022.

METHOD

Randomized, single blind, superiority trial, and multi-centric experimental study design employed. The eligible candidates randomly assigned to the interventional group and the control group (waitlisted). The allocation of the participant concealed from the principal investigator and participant. Sample size was determined with a two-sided test and α level of 5% and 80% power with the total of 52 calculated sample size and 44 (21 for intervention and 23 for control group) students were used for final analysis. Mann Whitney U test and Independent Sample T test used to test mean difference between intervention and control group after checking normality distributions to estimates the amount by which the training changes the outcome on average compared with the control. The result of the final model expressed in terms of adjusted mean difference and 95% CI; statistical significance declared if the P-value is less than 0.05.

RESULTS

Among 44 postgraduate students, only 29.5% practices EBM during delivering of clinical services. Overall EBM knowledge was changed with adjusted mean difference (Mean±SD 17.55 (13.9, 21.3), p<000). This training provided significant change in all main domain of EBM, more in validity evaluation of the study (Mean±SD, 3.8(1.3, 6.2), p<0.0018) and impact of study design (Mean±SD, 3.8(2.6, 5.1), p<0.000). There was also significant change of overall attitude with adjusted mean difference (Mean±SD, -8.2(-9.6,-6.7), p = 000).

CONCLUSION

Clinical integrated EBM training brought significant change of knowledge and skills of principles and foundations of EBM. Adopting principles of EBM into curricula of postgraduate specialty students would assure the quality of medical care and educations.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice towards Evidence-Based Medicine among Northern Saudi Primary Care Physicians: A Cross-Sectional Study

The evidence-based practice of primary care physicians is essential because they are the first line of contact with the local community, and they cater to most of their communities’ health needs. In the current study, in which we used a cross-sectional survey in northern Saudi Arabia, we assessed primary care physicians’ knowledge, attitude, practice, and barriers regarding evidence-based medicine (EBM). Of the 300 physicians who participated, less than half had high knowledge (43.7%) and attitude (47.7%) toward EBM. The chi-square test revealed that the knowledge categories were significantly associated with the age group (p = 0.002) and EBM training received in the past five years (p < 0.001), and the attitude categories were significantly associated with nationality (p = 0.008). Of the respondents, 155 (51.7%) used EBM in their daily clinical practice. Through logistic regression analysis, we found that the identified predictors of including EBM in clinical practice were the 31−45-year-old age group (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.65−2.73) and EBM training received during last 5 years (AOR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.35−2.94). We recommend enhancing primary care physicians’ knowledge of EBM and its importance in clinical practice through appropriate training programs. A multi-centric mixed-method survey is warranted in other provinces of the KSA to recognize region-specific training demand.

Creating an online educational intervention to improve knowledge about systematic reviews among healthcare workers: mixed-methods pilot study

BACKGROUND

Lack of knowledge about systematic reviews (SRs) could prevent individual healthcare workers (HCWs) from using SRs as a source of information in their clinical practice or discourage them from participating in such research. In this study, we aimed to explore in-depth the opinion of a sample of HCWs about the newly created online educational intervention designed to improve knowledge about SRs.

METHODS

We created a brief online educational intervention on SRs, consisting of 11 textual modules. We evaluated it among practicing HCWs who graduated from a university-level health sciences program using a mixed-methods pilot study that consisted of pre- and post-intervention questionnaires and qualitative evaluation via semi-structured interviews. We assessed participants' knowledge about SR methodology before and after the intervention, and compared the responses. We sought their opinions about the characteristics of SRs. Also, the participants were presented with four scientific abstracts, where they were asked to distinguish whether those abstracts presented summaries of a systematic or a non-systematic review.

RESULTS

Twelve participants took part in the study. In the pilot study, the participants' knowledge about SRs was improved after the intervention compared to the baseline. Participants provided positive feedback regarding the educational intervention. Suggestions to improve the educational intervention were to provide more details about the forest plot, add more digital content or images, provide more details about the methodological steps of an SR, add descriptions about practical applications of SRs and provide links to additional educational materials. The participants suggested that HCWs could be motivated to take part in such an education if it is offered as continuing medical education (CME) course or credit for academic/career advancement.

CONCLUSION

HCWs provided positive feedback about the newly designed online educational intervention on SRs; they considered it an appropriate tool for learning about SRs and resulted in increased knowledge about SRs. In addition, participants gave suggestions for improving education, which can be used to tailor the education for end-users. In future studies, it would be useful to examine the effectiveness of the modified educational intervention on increasing knowledge in a larger sample and in the form of a randomized controlled trial.

Impact of Contextual Factors on the Attendance and Role in the Evidence-Based Chronic Disease Prevention Programs Among Primary Care Practitioners in Shanghai, China

BACKGROUND

The implementation of evidence-based approaches by general practitioners (GPs) is new in the primary care setting, and few quantitative studies have evaluated the impact of contextual factors on the attendance of these approaches.

METHODS

In total, 892 GPs from 75 community healthcare centers (CHCs) in Shanghai completed our survey. We used logistic regression to analyze factors affecting the number of evidence-based chronic disease programs attended by GPs and whether they had held the lead position in such a program.

RESULTS

A total of 346 (38.8%) of the practitioners had never participated in any evidence-based chronic disease prevention (EBCDP) program. The EBCDP interventions in which the GPs had participated were predominantly related to hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. However, the proportion of GPs in the lead role was relatively low, between 0.8% (programs involving prevention and control of asthma) and 5.0% (diabetes). Organizational factors and areas were significantly associated with evidence-based practices (EBPs) of the GP, while monthly income and department were the most significantly related to GPs who have the lead role in a program. The results indicated that GPs who had taken the lead position had higher scores for policy and economic impeding factors. GPs who were men, had a higher income, and worked in prevention and healthcare departments and urban areas were more likely to take the lead position.

CONCLUSION

Evidence-based programs for chronic diseases should be extended to different types of diseases. Personal, organizational, political, and economic factors and the factors of female sex, lower income, department type, and suburban area environment should be considered to facilitate the translation of evidence to practice.

"Patients would probably be more compliant to therapy if encouraged by those around them": a qualitative study exploring primary care physicians' perceptions on barriers to CVD risk management

Background

Public health prevention strategies have been developed to overcome the disease burden. Despite all the available resources, there have been several challenges in keeping up with the practices in Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) risk management. The aim of this study is to explore Primary Care Physicians’ (PCP) perceptions on barriers to CVD risk management and strategies to overcome these barriers in Suva, Fiji.

Methods

This is a qualitative study conducted in the Suva Medical area among 7 health centers from August 1st to September 30th, 2021. Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants who provided in-depth and detailed information. From those physicians who worked in the Suva medical area as Primary Health Care (PHC) physicians, those who had at least 6 months experience and those who had some Special Outpatients Department (SOPD) exposure, in-depth interview was conducted using semi-structured questionnaire over the telephone and recorded in a mobile app. The interview content was then transcribed and thematic analysis was done.

Results

This study included 25 PHC physicians. From the thematic analysis, 2 major themes were developed including perceived barriers to CVD risk management and some of the strategies to overcome these barriers. Some of the barriers identified include patient factors such as non-compliance, physician factors such as time-constraints and lack of training, and health system factors such as poor medical records system and lack of basic resource. The strategic support systems include patient expectations, physician’s encouragement, utilization of resources, laws and legislations and continuing evidence-based medicine.

Conclusions

Physicians’ perceptions on the barriers and the strategies to overcome those barriers in CVD risk management plays an important role. The barriers include those of physician factors, patient factors and the health system as a whole. It is suggested to encourage shared-decision making in CVD management, enhance physician support and reinforce policies and research to bring about positive change and improvements in the quality of care.

Needs assessment and expectations regarding evidence-based practice knowledge acquisition and training activities: A cross-sectional study of healthcare personnel in China

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Evidence-Based Medicine among Emergency Doctors in Kelantan, Malaysia

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of high levels of knowledge, positive attitude, and good practice on evidence-based medicine (EBM) and identify the associated factors for practice score on EBM among emergency medicine doctors in Kelantan, Malaysia. This cross-sectional study was conducted in government hospitals in Kelantan. The data were collected from 200 emergency physicians and medical officers in the emergency department using the Noor Evidence-Based Medicine Questionnaire. Simple and general linear regressions analyses using SPSS were performed. A total of 183 responded, making a response rate of 91.5%. Of them, 49.7% had a high level of knowledge, 39.9% had a positive attitude and 2.1% had good practice. Sex, race, the average number of patients seen per day, internet access in workplace, having online quick reference application, and attitude towards EBM were significantly associated with EBM practice scores. It is recommended that appropriate authorities provide emergency doctors with broader access to evidence resources. EBM skill training should be enhanced in the current medical school curriculums.

Evidence-Based Practices and Use among Employees and Students at an Austrian Medical University

Developed in the pre-internet era in the early 1980s, empirical medical practice, i.e., evidence-based practice (EBP) has become crucial in critical thinking and statistical reasoning at the point-of-care. As little evidence is available so far on how EBP is perceived in the Austrian academic context, we conducted a cross-sectional online survey among a nonrandom purposive sample of employees and students at the Medical University Vienna, Austria (total n = 1247, 59.8% females). The German questionnaire assessed both EBP capability beliefs and EBP use, with the respective indices both yielding good internal consistency. We conducted subgroup comparisons between employees (n = 638) and students (n = 609). In line with Bandura’s self-efficacy theory, we found a correlation between EBP capability beliefs and EBP use, with higher scores reported in the employee group. The results indicated that the participants did not strictly follow the sequential EBP steps as grounded in the item-response theory. Since its emergence, EBP has struggled to overcome the dominating traditional way of conducting medicine, which is also known as eminence-based medicine, where ad hoc decisions are based upon expert opinions, and nowadays frequently supplemented by quick online searches. Medical staff and supervisors of medical students should be aware of the existing overlaps and synergies of these potentially equivalent factors in clinical care. There is a need for intensifying the public and scientific debate on how to deal with the divergence between EBP theory and EBP practice.

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) for undergraduate medical students in Sudan: sources of information, knowledge about terms, skills related to EBM and attitude toward EBM in Sudan

BACKGROUND

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is the use of the current best evidence for patient care. Medical students should critically appraise the research evidence to help them during their clinical practice in the future. We conducted this study to assess the skills, terms and attitude toward EBM.

METHOD

We conducted a cross-sectional study for medical students from governmental universities. Students completed an online validated questionnaire consisting of several sections to assess skills, attitude and knowledge about terms related to EBM. We used a scale ranging from 1(strongly disagree) to 5(strongly agree) for the 11 questions assessing the attitude and a scale ranging from 1(Poor) to 5(advanced) for EBM skills.

RESULTS

A total of 761 medical students with a mean age of 21.97 ± 1.64 participated in the study. 327 (43 %) of them were males. The most commonly used search engines were Google 690 (91 %) and Wikipedia 465 (61 %). Medical books 719 (94 %) and lecture notes 353 (46 %) were the most common sources for health information. The majority of students rated their skills related to EBM as average and below average for all questions (overall = 2.18 ± 0.8). Students rated their skills as poor (31 %) in locating professional literature, as average (34 %) in searching online databases, poor (42 %) in critical appraisal of a scientific publication reporting findings from clinical research and poor (36 %) in Critical appraisal of available scientific literature. Regarding attitude, the overall mean score was 2.83 ± 0.76. There is no significant difference in attitude score between students with or without EBM training (P = 0.2). The terms with the highest understanding were case-control study (45 %) and case report (44 %) for study design. Median (44 %) and sample size (43 %) for statistics. Incidence (46 %) and prevalence (44 %) for epidemiology.

CONCLUSIONS

Medical students have a knowledge gap in skills and terms related to EBM and an average attitude towards EBM. The majority of them were using a nonscientific search engine to obtain medical information. There is a need to educate students about the proper steps for getting the scientific literature and EBM skills.

Factors Associated with Practicing Evidence-Based Medicine Among Medical Interns in Amhara Regional State Teaching Hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

BACKGROUND

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is an important component of modern medicine and is essential for the provision of high-quality health services. Little is known about the level of EBM use among Ethiopian medical students. This study aimed to assess the factors associated with EBM practice among medical interns in teaching hospitals in northwestern Ethiopia.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted using a random sample of medical interns in teaching hospitals of northwest Ethiopia. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with EBM practice. The strength of the interaction between variables was calculated using the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI).

RESULTS

Completed questionnaire was obtained from 403 (95.3%) of 423 medical interns. About 48.4% of respondents had a good EBM practice. EBM knowledge (AOR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.220-2.835), attitude to EBM (AOR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.318-3.193), ability to appraise evidence (AOR = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.570-3.517), and having sufficient time to search for evidence (AOR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.065-2.627) were factors significantly associated to EBM practice.

CONCLUSION

This study demonstrates that the main factors affecting medical intern's practice of EBM were lack of critical appraisal skill, lack of knowledge needed to practice EBM, negative attitudes toward EBM, and insufficient time to search for evidence. Providing EBM training to the needs of medical interns would overcome the barriers identified in this study, as well as assist medical interns and other clinical staffs to ensure the correct application of EBM in to clinical practice.

Validity and reliability of the Noor Evidence-Based Medicine Questionnaire: A cross-sectional study

Background

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is a widely accepted scientific advancement in clinical settings that helps achieve better, safer, and more cost-effective healthcare. However, presently, validated instruments to evaluate healthcare professionals’ attitude and practices toward implementing EBM are not widely available. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of a newly developed knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) questionnaire on EBM for use among healthcare professionals.

Methods

The Noor Evidence-Based Medicine Questionnaire was tested among physicians in a government hospital between July and August 2018. Exploratory factor analysis and internal consistency reliability-based Cronbach’s alpha statistic were conducted.

Results

The questionnaire was distributed among 94 physicians, and 90 responded (response rate of 95.7%). The initial number of items in the KAP domains of the Noor Evidence-Based Medicine Questionnaire were 15, 17, and 13, respectively; however, two items in the practice domain with communalities <0.25 and factor loadings <0.4 were removed. The factor structure accounted for 52.33%, 66.29%, and 55.39% of data variance in the KAP domains, respectively. Cronbach’s alpha values were 0.81, 0.81, and 0.84 for KAP domains, respectively, indicating high reliability.

Conclusions

This questionnaire can be used to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour of healthcare professionals toward EBM. Future testing of this questionnaire among other medical personnel groups will help expand the scope of this tool.