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Kolipakala R, Basu S, Sarkar S, Biju BM, Salazar D, Reddy L, Pradeep P, Yuvapriya MK, Nath S, Gall R, Samprathi AH, Balaji H, Koundinya EAB, Shetye A, Nagarajan D. Fungal Peptidomelanin: A Novel Biopolymer for the Chelation of Heavy Metals. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:36353-36370. [PMID: 39220543 PMCID: PMC11359623 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c03704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Melanin is an amorphous, highly heterogeneous polymer found across all kingdoms of life. Although the properties of melanin can greatly vary, most forms are insoluble and strongly absorb light, appearing dark brown to black. Here, we describe a water-soluble form of melanin (peptidomelanin) secreted by the spores of Aspergillus niger (strain: melanoliber) during germination. Peptidomelanin is composed of an insoluble L-DOPA core polymer that is solubilized via short, copolymerized heterogeneous peptide chains forming a "corona" with a mean amino acid length of 2.6 ± 2.3. Based on in vitro experiments, we propose a biochemical copolymerization mechanism involving the hydroxylation of tyrosynylated peptides. Peptidomelanin is capable of chelating heavy metals such as lead, mercury, and uranium (as uranyl) in large quantities. Preliminary data indicates that peptidomelanin may have applications for the remediation of heavy metals in situ, including in agricultural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suranjana Basu
- Department
of Biotechnology, M.S. Ramaiah University
of Applied Sciences, Bangalore 560054, India
| | - Senjuti Sarkar
- Department
of Biotechnology, M.S. Ramaiah University
of Applied Sciences, Bangalore 560054, India
| | - Beneta Merin Biju
- Department
of Biotechnology, M.S. Ramaiah University
of Applied Sciences, Bangalore 560054, India
| | - Daniela Salazar
- Ecology
and Genetics Research Unit, University of
Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland
| | - Likhit Reddy
- Department
of Biotechnology, M.S. Ramaiah University
of Applied Sciences, Bangalore 560054, India
| | - Pushya Pradeep
- Department
of Biotechnology, M.S. Ramaiah University
of Applied Sciences, Bangalore 560054, India
| | - Muniraj Krishnaveni Yuvapriya
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore 560054, India
| | - Shrijita Nath
- Department
of Biotechnology, M.S. Ramaiah University
of Applied Sciences, Bangalore 560054, India
| | - Riley Gall
- Department
of Biotechnology, M.S. Ramaiah University
of Applied Sciences, Bangalore 560054, India
| | - Anish Hemanth Samprathi
- Department
of Biotechnology, M.S. Ramaiah University
of Applied Sciences, Bangalore 560054, India
- Department
of Biotechnology, Fergusson College (Autonomous), Pune 411004, India
| | - Harshitha Balaji
- Department
of Biotechnology, M.S. Ramaiah University
of Applied Sciences, Bangalore 560054, India
| | - Eeshaan A. B. Koundinya
- Department
of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology,
Manipal University, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Aparna Shetye
- Department
of Microbiology, St. Xavier’s College, Mumbai 400001, India
| | - Deepesh Nagarajan
- Department
of Biotechnology, M.S. Ramaiah University
of Applied Sciences, Bangalore 560054, India
- Department
of Microbiology, St. Xavier’s College, Mumbai 400001, India
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Addai-Arhin S, Novirsa R, Jeong H, Phan QD, Hirota N, Ishibashi Y, Shiratsuchi H, Arizono K. Mercury waste from artisanal and small-scale gold mining facilities: a risk to farm ecosystems-a case study of Obuasi, Ghana. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:4293-4308. [PMID: 35969344 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22456-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Frequent discharge of mercury waste from artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) facilities into nearby farms may contaminate foodstuffs and the entire farms. High contamination levels may result in ecological risks to the soil, plants, animals, humans, and the entire farm ecosystem. This original research is the first study within the catchment areas that describes the effects of mercury waste on the entire farm ecosystem. In this study, the contamination levels and the associated ecological risks of farmland soils, plantains, and cassavas from farms sited near ASGM facilities in four communities around Obuasi, Ghana, were evaluated using the Hakanson (1980) model. Results showed that all samples except for the edible parts of plantains from Tweapease, Nyamebekyere, and Ahansonyewodea and plantain peels from Nyamebekyere and Ahansonyewodea were contaminated and may pose moderate to very high ecological risks. All farms were also contaminated and may pose considerable to very high ecological risks. The farms at Odumase were the highest contaminated with degree of contamination (Cdeg) above 20, while those at Ahansonyewodea were the least contaminated with Cdeg = 8.1. This meant that farms at Odumase may pose the highest potential ecological risk (Per) to plants, animals, humans, and the entire farm ecosystem since Per > 600, while the farms at Ahansonyewodea may pose the least ecological risks with Per = 324. There is, therefore, the need for strict control of ASGM activities in these study areas to preserve the integrity of the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvester Addai-Arhin
- Graduate School of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100, Tsukide, Higashi-Ku, Kumamoto, 862-8502, Japan
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100, Tsukide, Higashi-Ku, Kumamoto, 862-8502, Japan
- Pharmaceutical Science Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kumasi Technical University, P.O. Box, 854, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Randy Novirsa
- Graduate School of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100, Tsukide, Higashi-Ku, Kumamoto, 862-8502, Japan
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100, Tsukide, Higashi-Ku, Kumamoto, 862-8502, Japan
| | - Huiho Jeong
- Graduate School of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100, Tsukide, Higashi-Ku, Kumamoto, 862-8502, Japan
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100, Tsukide, Higashi-Ku, Kumamoto, 862-8502, Japan
| | - Quang Dinh Phan
- Graduate School of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100, Tsukide, Higashi-Ku, Kumamoto, 862-8502, Japan
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100, Tsukide, Higashi-Ku, Kumamoto, 862-8502, Japan
| | - Nana Hirota
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100, Tsukide, Higashi-Ku, Kumamoto, 862-8502, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ishibashi
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100, Tsukide, Higashi-Ku, Kumamoto, 862-8502, Japan
| | - Hideki Shiratsuchi
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100, Tsukide, Higashi-Ku, Kumamoto, 862-8502, Japan
| | - Koji Arizono
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100, Tsukide, Higashi-Ku, Kumamoto, 862-8502, Japan.
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan.
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3
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Zhou W, Cao Y, Wang S, Huang Y, Zhou W, Bai Z. Deciphering the origin and controlling factors of mercury in reclaimed soils: a case study in Pingshuo opencast coalmine of China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:40826-40838. [PMID: 35083688 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18148-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Considering the significant influence of mercury (Hg) contamination on the land reclamation inopencast coalmine, the spatial distribution patterns and ecological risks of Hg were investigated and the regulating factors of Hg mobility were determined in the South Dump of the Pingshuo opencast coalmine. The results show that the total Hg (HgT) contents of most soil samples (83.7%) vary from 6 to 50 μg kg-1, while the potential ecological risk index (EIHg) values of most samples (79.8%) are lower than 80, indicating that most reclaimed soils are in relatively good conditions and the soil samples at high to very high ecological risk are mainly collected near the backfilled coal gangue. Moreover, the kriging maps of the geo-accumulation index (Igeo) indicate that the uncontaminated areas (Igeo < 0) and Hg-contaminated areas (Igeo > 0) in topsoil (0-10 cm) are roughly divided by an "east-west arc" while the Hg-contaminated areas in other soil horizons are characterized by a "point distribution pattern". The slight Hg contamination in topsoil is mainly triggered by the atmospheric Hg deposition from the nearby coal-fired power plant, while the Hg contamination in other soil horizons should be attributed to the weathering and spontaneous combustion of coal gangue. On the other hand, Pearson's correlation analyses show that HgT contents were positively correlated with clay (r = 0.31, P < 0.01) and SOC (r = 0.53, P < 0.01) contents. This study can provide some insight for the land reclamation measures in the opencast coalmine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Zhou
- School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingui Cao
- School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
- Key Lab of Land Consolidation, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100035, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shufei Wang
- School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhan Huang
- School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhou
- School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Land Consolidation, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100035, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongke Bai
- School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Land Consolidation, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100035, People's Republic of China
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Marzuki I, Septiningsih E, Kaseng ES, Herlinah H, Sahrijanna A, Sahabuddin S, Asaf R, Athirah A, Isnawan BH, Samidjo GS, Rumagia F, Hamidah E, Santi IS, Nisaa K. Investigation of Global Trends of Pollutants in Marine Ecosystems around Barrang Caddi Island, Spermonde Archipelago Cluster: An Ecological Approach. TOXICS 2022; 10:301. [PMID: 35736909 PMCID: PMC9229392 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10060301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
High-quality marine ecosystems are free from global trending pollutants' (GTP) contaminants. Accuracy and caution are needed during the exploitation of marine resources during marine tourism to prevent future ecological hazards that cause chain effects on aquatic ecosystems and humans. This article identifies exposure to GTP: microplastic (MP); polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH); pesticide residue (PR); heavy metal (HM); and medical waste (MW), in marine ecosystems in the marine tourism area (MTA) area and Barrang Caddi Island (BCI) waters. A combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis methods were used with analytical instruments and mathematical formulas. The search results show the average total abundance of MPs in seawater (5.47 units/m3) and fish samples (7.03 units/m3), as well as in the sediment and sponge samples (8.18 units/m3) and (8.32 units/m3). Based on an analysis of the polymer structure, it was identified that the dominant light group was MPs: polyethylene (PE); polypropylene (PP); polystyrene (PS); followed by polyamide-nylon (PA); and polycarbonate (PC). Several PAH pollutants were identified in the samples. In particular, naphthalene (NL) types were the most common pollutants in all of the samples, followed by pyrene (PN), and azulene (AZ). Pb+2 and Cu+2 pollutants around BCI were successfully calculated, showing average concentrations in seawater of 0.164 ± 0.0002 mg/L and 0.293 ± 0.0007 mg/L, respectively, while in fish, the concentrations were 1.811 ± 0.0002 µg/g and 4.372 ± 0.0003 µg/g, respectively. Based on these findings, the BCI area is not recommended as a marine tourism destination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Marzuki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Fajar University, Makassar 90231, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Early Septiningsih
- Research Institute for Coastal Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension, Maros 90512, South Sulawesi, Indonesia; (E.S.); (E.S.K.); (H.H.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (R.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Ernawati Syahruddin Kaseng
- Research Institute for Coastal Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension, Maros 90512, South Sulawesi, Indonesia; (E.S.); (E.S.K.); (H.H.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (R.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Herlinah Herlinah
- Research Institute for Coastal Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension, Maros 90512, South Sulawesi, Indonesia; (E.S.); (E.S.K.); (H.H.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (R.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Andi Sahrijanna
- Research Institute for Coastal Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension, Maros 90512, South Sulawesi, Indonesia; (E.S.); (E.S.K.); (H.H.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (R.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Sahabuddin Sahabuddin
- Research Institute for Coastal Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension, Maros 90512, South Sulawesi, Indonesia; (E.S.); (E.S.K.); (H.H.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (R.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Ruzkiah Asaf
- Research Institute for Coastal Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension, Maros 90512, South Sulawesi, Indonesia; (E.S.); (E.S.K.); (H.H.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (R.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Admi Athirah
- Research Institute for Coastal Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension, Maros 90512, South Sulawesi, Indonesia; (E.S.); (E.S.K.); (H.H.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (R.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Bambang Heri Isnawan
- Department of Agrotechnology, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Bantul 55183, DI Yogyakarta, Indonesia; (B.H.I.); (G.S.S.)
| | - Gatot Supangkat Samidjo
- Department of Agrotechnology, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Bantul 55183, DI Yogyakarta, Indonesia; (B.H.I.); (G.S.S.)
| | - Faizal Rumagia
- Study Program of Fisheries Resource Utilization, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Khairun University, Ternate 97719, North Maluku, Indonesia;
| | - Emmy Hamidah
- Department of Agrotechnology, Universitas Islam Darul ‘Ulum, Lamongan 62253, Jawa Timur, Indonesia;
| | - Idum Satia Santi
- Department of Agrotechnology, Institut Pertanian Stiper, Yogyakarta 55283, DI Yogyakarta, Indonesia;
| | - Khairun Nisaa
- National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta 10340, DKI, Indonesia;
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Rodrigues YOS, Dórea JG, Landim PMB, Bernardi JVE, Monteiro LC, de Souza JPR, Pinto LDCM, Fernandes IO, de Souza JVV, Sousa AR, Sousa JDP, Maciel BLO, Delvico FMDS, de Souza JR. Mercury spatiality and mobilization in roadside soils adjacent to a savannah ecological reserve. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 205:112513. [PMID: 34902382 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a persistent environmental pollutant of global concern. Recognized anthropic contributions to environmental Hg pollution include fuel fossil emissions, soil erosion, and industrial and mining activities. Environmental Hg that enters water bodies can be methylated before entering the food chain and contaminating man and wildlife. We used a kriging approach for sampling and X-ray crystallography to study the pressure of road-traffic Hg emissions on soil Hg concentrations in an ecological reserve (ESECAE) in Central Brazil' savannah. We took samples of organic (n = 144) and mineral (n = 144) layers from the road-side and from the undisturbed soils at 0.1, 1, and 2 km from traffic, inside the ESECAE. Overall, total mercury (THg) concentrations determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry were significantly higher in the organic layer than in the mineral layer. The mean soil THg in the organic and mineral layers was highest at the roadside (respectively 19.77 ± 12.01 and 16.18 ± 11.54 μg g-1), gradually decreasing with the distance from the road. At 2 km, the mean soil THg was 0.09 ± 0.30 and 0.029 ± 0.03 μg g-1, respectively, for the organic and mineral layers. X-ray crystallography showed mineralogical similarity of the sampled soils, indicating Hg externality, i.e, it did not originate from existing soil minerals. Co-kriging analysis (n = 288) confirmed Hg hotspots on the roadsides and a faster mobilization occurring up to a distance of 1 km for both layers. The soil reception and retention of traffic Hg emissions are mainly in the organic layer and can impact subsoil and adjacent areas. Thus, traffic soil-Hg pollution is limited to the road proximities; THg concentrations are high up to 100 m with an inflection point at 1 km.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ygor O S Rodrigues
- Geostatistics and Geodesy Laboratory, Faculty UnB Planaltina, University of Brasília, Planaltina, Distrito Federal, 73345-010, Brazil
| | - José G Dórea
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Asa Norte, Brasília, Distrito Federal, 70919-970, Brazil
| | - P M B Landim
- Geomathematics Laboratory, São Paulo State University/UNESP, Rio Claro, São Paulo, 13506-700, Brazil
| | - José Vicente Elias Bernardi
- Geostatistics and Geodesy Laboratory, Faculty UnB Planaltina, University of Brasília, Planaltina, Distrito Federal, 73345-010, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Cabrera Monteiro
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Asa Norte, Brasília, Distrito Federal, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Rudrigues de Souza
- Laboratory of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Brasília, Asa Norte, Brasília, Distrito Federal, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Lilian de Castro Moraes Pinto
- Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Faculty UnB Planaltina, University of Brasília, Planaltina, Distrito Federal, 73345-010, Brazil
| | - Iara Oliveira Fernandes
- Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Faculty UnB Planaltina, University of Brasília, Planaltina, Distrito Federal, 73345-010, Brazil
| | - João Victor Villela de Souza
- Geostatistics and Geodesy Laboratory, Faculty UnB Planaltina, University of Brasília, Planaltina, Distrito Federal, 73345-010, Brazil
| | - Antônia Roberto Sousa
- Geostatistics and Geodesy Laboratory, Faculty UnB Planaltina, University of Brasília, Planaltina, Distrito Federal, 73345-010, Brazil
| | - Juruna de Paula Sousa
- Geostatistics and Geodesy Laboratory, Faculty UnB Planaltina, University of Brasília, Planaltina, Distrito Federal, 73345-010, Brazil
| | - Bruno Leandro Oliveira Maciel
- Geostatistics and Geodesy Laboratory, Faculty UnB Planaltina, University of Brasília, Planaltina, Distrito Federal, 73345-010, Brazil
| | | | - Jurandir Rodrigues de Souza
- Laboratory of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Brasília, Asa Norte, Brasília, Distrito Federal, 70910-900, Brazil
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Pastorino P, Bertoli M, Brizio P, Abete MC, Dalla Nora V, Prearo M, Pizzul E. First Insights Into Trace Element Accumulation by Philoscia affinis (Crustacea, Isopoda): a Novel Tracer to Assess Soil Contamination in Lowland Plains? Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:4782-4791. [PMID: 33423135 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02573-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Isopods are terrestrial invertebrates that accumulate trace elements in large quantities, thus providing information on levels of soil contamination. However, the accumulation pattern seems to be species dependent. For this study, specimens of Philoscia affinis (Isopoda, Oniscidea) and soil samples were collected from both a protected area (site 1) and urban roadside (site 2) in the low plain of Friuli-Venezia Giulia (northeast Italy) to determine whether P. affinis could serve as a potential candidate for monitoring soil contamination. To do this, the following objectives were achieved: a) the level of trace elements (Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb, Zn) were detected in soils and isopods; 2) the difference in trace elements accumulation was compared in the two sampling sites; 3) the bioaccumulation factor (BAF) was calculated for each element. With some exceptions, trace element concentrations were higher in both isopods and soil samples from the urban roadside compared to the protected area. Furthermore, except for Cd, Cu, and Zn, trace element levels were higher in the soil than in the isopod samples. The higher mean BAF values were recorded for Cd (6.169 and 6.974 for site 1 and 2, respectively), Cu (10.324 and 11.452 for site 1 and 2, respectively), and Zn (1.836 and 2: 1.943 for site 1 and 2, respectively), whereas BAF values <1 were recorded for the other elements. Philoscia affinis was found to be a potential candidate to monitor soil contamination as a macro-concentrator of Cu and Cd and a micro-concentrator of Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Pastorino
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, and Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Liguria, Italy.
| | - Marco Bertoli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Paola Brizio
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, and Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Liguria, Italy
| | - Maria Cesarina Abete
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, and Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Liguria, Italy
| | - Vittoria Dalla Nora
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marino Prearo
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, and Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Liguria, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pizzul
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
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7
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The Grain for Green Project May Enrich the Mercury Concentration in a Small Karst Catchment, Southwest China. LAND 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/land9100354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The Chinese project, better known as the Grain for Green Project (GGP), has changed the land-use type in the karst area of Puding county, Guizhou province, southwest China, and this study is aimed at evaluating the Hg distribution and determining factors in soils after the land-use change. A total of ten soil profiles were selected in the typical karst region, and the land-use types were divided into native vegetation land (NVL), farmland (FL), and abandoned farmland (AFL). Total Hg concentration under different land-use types increased in the order: NVL (average 63.26 μg∙kg−1) < FL (average 71.48 μg∙kg−1) < AFL (average 98.22 μg∙kg−1). After agricultural abandonment for four to five years with a cover of native vegetation in the AFL, a higher concentration of Hg compared to the other two land-use types indicate that the Hg accumulation in soil results from vegetation restoration of AFL due to land-use change. Soil organic carbon (SOC) and macro-aggregates were highly correlated to Hg concentration in this study. Macro-aggregates can provide a stable condition for Hg due to the thin regolith and high porosity in the karst region. A high proportion of macro-aggregates can reduce the mobility of Hg in the karst area. Intense tillage can significantly reduce the formation of macro-aggregates in FL, but the macro-aggregates in AFL were recovered as well as those in NVL, resulting in the accumulation of Hg.
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Determining the Distribution and Interaction of Soil Organic Carbon, Nitrogen, pH and Texture in Soil Profiles: A Case Study in the Lancangjiang River Basin, Southwest China. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11050532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The profile distributions of soil organic carbon (SOC), soil organic nitrogen (SON), soil pH and soil texture were rarely investigated in the Lancangjiang River Basin. This study aims to present the vertical distributions of these soil properties and provide some insights about how they interact with each other in the two typical soil profiles. A total of 56 soil samples were collected from two soil profiles (LCJ S-1, LCJ S-2) in the Lancangjiang River Basin to analyze the profile distributions of SOC and SON and to determine the effects of soil pH and soil texture. Generally, the contents of SOC and SON decreased with increasing soil depth and SOC contents were higher than SON contents (average SOC vs. SON content: 3.87 g kg−1 vs. 1.92 g kg−1 in LCJ S-1 and 5.19 g kg−1 vs. 0.96 g kg−1 in LCJ S-2). Soil pH ranged from 4.50 to 5.74 in the two soil profiles and generally increased with increasing soil depth. According to the percentages of clay, silt, and sand, most soil samples can be categorized as silty loam. Soil pH values were negatively correlated with C/N ratios (r = −0.66, p < 0.01) and SOC contents (r = −0.52, p < 0.01). Clay contents were positively correlated with C/N ratios (r = 0.43, p < 0.05) and SOC contents (r = 0.42, p < 0.01). The results indicate that soil pH and clay are essential factors influencing the SOC spatial distributions in the two soil profiles.
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Vertical Distribution and Controlling Factors Exploration of Sc, V, Co, Ni, Mo and Ba in Six Soil Profiles of The Mun River Basin, Northeast Thailand. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051745. [PMID: 32156002 PMCID: PMC7084412 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Exploring the enrichment and controlling factors of heavy metals in soils is essential because heavy metals can cause severe soil contamination and threaten human health when they are excessively enriched in soils. Soil samples (total 103) from six soil profiles (T1 to T6) in the Mun River Basin, Northeast Thailand, were collected for the analyses of the content of heavy metals, including Sc, V, Co, Ni, Mo, Ba. The average contents of soil heavy metals decrease in the following order: Ba, V, Ni, Sc, Co, and Mo (T1, T3, T4 and T5); Ni, V, Ba, Co, Sc, Mo, and Ba (T2); Ba, V, Sc, Ni, Mo, and Co (T6). An enrichment factor (EF) and geoaccumulation index were calculated to assess the degree of heavy metal contamination in the soils. The EFs of these heavy metals in most samples range from 0 to 1.5, which reveals that most heavy metals are slightly enriched. Geoaccumulation indexes show that only the topsoil of T1 and T2 is slightly contaminated by Ba, Sc, Ni, and V. Soil organic carbon (SOC), soil pH and soil texture are significantly positively correlated with most heavy metals, except for a negative correlation between soil pH and Mo content. In conclusion, the influence of heavy metals on soils in the study area is slight and SOC, soil pH, soil texture dominate the behavior of heavy metals.
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Effects of Soil Properties on K Factor in the Granite and Limestone Regions of China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17030801. [PMID: 32012881 PMCID: PMC7037793 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Soil erosion has become a serious ecological problem in many catchments. Soil erodibility K factor can be estimated based on a series of soil properties, however, the identification of dominant soil properties that affect K factor prediction at different soil types has been little concerned. In this study, 3 soil profiles from the Jiulongjiang River Catchment (JRC) of granite region in Fujian province and 18 soil profiles from the Chenqi Catchment (CC) of karst region in Guizhou province were selected. Soil properties, including soil particle size distribution, soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil organic nitrogen (SON) content, and soil pH, were determined, and the K factors were estimated in the erosion productivity impact calculator (EPIC) model. The soils in the granite region were characteristic for coarse texture, low SOC and SON, and strong acidity compared with limestone soils. Although the K factors in both regions ranged from 0.009 to 0.018, they were overestimated in limestone soils due to frequent soil aggregation, which enhanced soil permeability, hence reduced soil erodibility. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) and structural equation model (SEM) showed that (1) K factor estimation in the soils of the granite region mainly depended on soil texture, of which silt was the most important factor; (2) while K factor in limestone soils was mainly controlled by soil organic matter (SOM) content, other soil properties, including soil pH, clay and silt contents, could indirectly affect prediction of K factor by affecting SOM accumulation.
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Geochemical Distribution Characteristics of Rare Earth Elements in Different Soil Profiles in Mun River Basin, Northeast Thailand. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12020457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Exploring the distributions of rare earth elements (REEs) in soil profiles is essential to understanding how natural and anthropogenic factors influence the geochemical behaviors of REEs. This study aimed to learn about the distribution characteristics of REEs in soils, including their fractionation and enrichment, and to explore the influence of soil pH and soil organic carbon (SOC) on REEs. One hundred and three samples were collected from six soil profiles under different land uses (paddy field: T1, T3; forest land: T2, T6; wasteland: T4; building site: T5) in the Mun River Basin, Northeast Thailand. The average total REE contents (∑REE) are much lower (<80 mg kg−1) than that of Earth’s crust (153.80 mg kg−1) in soil profiles T2, T3, T4, and T6. The contents of REEs tend to increase slightly with depth in all soil profiles. The ratios of (La/Yb)N range from 0.35 to 0.96 in most samples, indicating that the enrichment of heavy REEs (HREEs) relative to light REEs (LREEs) is the main fractionation pattern. Samples from profile T2 show relatively obvious negative Ce anomalies (0.55–0.78) and positive Eu anomalies (1.41–1.56), but there are almost no anomalies of Ce and Eu in other soil profiles. Enrichment factors of LREEs (EFLREEs) range from 0.23 to 1.54 and EFHREEs range from 0.34 to 2.27, which demonstrates that all soil samples show no LREE enrichment and only parts of samples show minor HREE enrichment. Soil organic carbon (SOC) contents positively correlate with the enrichment factors of REEs (EFREE) in soil profiles T1 (R = 0.56, p < 0.01) and T6 (R = 0.71), while soil pH values correlate well with EFREE in soil profiles T2 (R = 0.75) and T4 (R = −0.66, p < 0.01), indicating the important influence of soil pH and SOC on the mobility of REEs in some soil profiles.
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Fe, Rather Than Soil Organic Matter, as a Controlling Factor of Hg Distribution in Subsurface Forest Soil in an Iron Mining Area. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17010359. [PMID: 31948052 PMCID: PMC6981443 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To identify whether the iron (Fe) mining area in the Jiulongjiang River basin (JRB) has an influence on the mercury in the forest soil, the spatial distribution patterns of mercury’s behavior on different controlling factors were analyzed, and a potential ecological risk assessment was done. A total of 107 soil samples were collected from two forest soil profiles, one profile near the Fe mining area and the other far from it. The soil near the mining area had a moderate potential ecological risk with high Fe content rich in the upper layer of soil (<70 cm), whereas soil collected far from the mining area had a low potential ecological risk. These results indicated that the rise of iron content in the soil near the mining area was beneficial to the enrichment of mercury, probably causing damage to the forest ecosystem. Both soil organic carbon (SOC) and Fe content have strong positive correlations with THg content, controlling the mercury behavior in the upper layer (<70 cm) and a lower layer (>70 cm) of soil, respectively. The high Fe content in the upper layer of soil will compete for the adsorption of mercury by SOC, leading to the poor correlation between SOC and THg.
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