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Mandal B, Das R, Mondal S. Anthocyanins: Potential phytochemical candidates for the amelioration of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2024; 82:373-391. [PMID: 38354975 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is described by too much hepatic fat deposition causing steatosis, which further develops into nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), defined by necroinflammation and fibrosis, progressing further to hepatic cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver failure. NAFLD is linked to different aspects of the metabolic syndrome like obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, and its pathogenesis involves several elements including diet, obesity, disruption of lipid homeostasis, and a high buildup of triglycerides and other lipids in liver cells. It is therefore linked to an increase in the susceptibility to developing diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Several interventions exist regarding its management, but the availability of natural sources through diet will be a benefit in dealing with the disorder due to the immensely growing dependence of the population worldwide on natural sources owing to their ability to treat the root cause of the disease. Anthocyanins (ACNs) are naturally occurring polyphenolic pigments that exist in the form of glycosides, which are the glucosides of anthocyanidins and are produced from flavonoids via the phenyl propanoid pathway. To understand their mode of action in NAFLD and their therapeutic potential, the literature on in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials on naturally occurring ACN-rich sources was exhaustively reviewed. It was concluded that ACNs show their potential in the treatment of NAFLD through their antioxidant properties and their efficacy to control lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, transcription factors, and inflammation. This led to the conclusion that ACNs possess efficacy in the amelioration of NAFLD and the various features associated with it. However, additional clinical trials are required to justify the potential of ACNs in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bitasta Mandal
- School of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Adamas University, Kolkata 700126, India.
| | - Rakesh Das
- School of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Adamas University, Kolkata 700126, India.
| | - Sandip Mondal
- School of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Adamas University, Kolkata 700126, India.
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Pipitone RM, Lupo G, Zito R, Javed A, Petta S, Pennisi G, Grimaudo S. The PD-1/PD-L1 Axis in the Biology of MASLD. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3671. [PMID: 38612483 PMCID: PMC11011676 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver (MASL), previously named nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), is a multifactorial disease in which metabolic, genetic, and environmental risk factors play a predominant role. Obesity and type 2 diabetes act as triggers of the inflammatory response, which contributes to the progression of MASL to Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. In the liver, several parenchymal, nonparenchymal, and immune cells maintain immunological homeostasis, and different regulatory pathways balance the activation of the innate and adaptative immune system. PD-1/PD-L1 signaling acts, in the maintenance of the balance between the immune responses and the tissue immune homeostasis, promoting self-tolerance through the modulation of activated T cells. Recently, PD-1 has received much attention for its roles in inducing an exhausted T cells phenotype, promoting the tumor escape from immune responses. Indeed, in MASLD, the excessive fat accumulation dysregulates the immune system, increasing cytotoxic lymphocytes and decreasing their cytolytic activity. In this context, T cells exacerbate liver damage and promote tumor progression. The aim of this review is to illustrate the main pathogenetic mechanisms by which the immune system promotes the progression of MASLD and the transition to HCC, as well as to discuss the possible therapeutic applications of PD-1/PD-L1 target therapy to activate T cells and reinvigorate immune surveillance against cancer.
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Wiriyakulsit N, Keawsomnuk P, Thongin S, Ketsawatsomkron P, Muta K. A model of hepatic steatosis with declined viability and function in a liver-organ-on-a-chip. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17019. [PMID: 37813918 PMCID: PMC10562420 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44198-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) begins with benign steatosis caused by ectopic storage of triacylglycerols in the liver. Persistent steatosis, in combination with other genetic and environmental factors, leads to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) characterized by functional impairment, inflammation, and fibrosis. However, it remains unclear how persistent steatosis directly contributes to the progression of NAFLD, which may represent a therapeutic target. The organ-on-a-chip (OOC) has emerged as a new culture platform to recapitulate human pathological conditions under which drug candidates can be screened. Here, we developed a simple OOC steatosis model using the Mimetas OrganoPlate with a human liver cell line, HepG2. Treating the HepG2 OOCs with fatty acid overload induced steatosis within 24 h. Moreover, persistent steatosis for 6 days impaired OOC viability and hepatic function, as measured by a WST-8 assay and albumin production, respectively. Lastly, the HepG2 OOCs were exposed to drugs being tested in clinical trials for NAFLD/NASH during the 6-day period. Pioglitazone improved the OOC viability while elafibranor reduced the steatosis in association with reduced viability and albumin production. In conclusion, we show that the HepG2 steatosis OOC model is a useful tool on which the efficacy and toxicity of various therapeutic candidates can be tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsupa Wiriyakulsit
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 111 Bang Pla, Bang Phli, Samut Prakan, 10540, Thailand
| | - Ploychanok Keawsomnuk
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 111 Bang Pla, Bang Phli, Samut Prakan, 10540, Thailand
| | - Saowarose Thongin
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 111 Bang Pla, Bang Phli, Samut Prakan, 10540, Thailand
| | - Pimonrat Ketsawatsomkron
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 111 Bang Pla, Bang Phli, Samut Prakan, 10540, Thailand
| | - Kenjiro Muta
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 111 Bang Pla, Bang Phli, Samut Prakan, 10540, Thailand.
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Mazhar IJ, Yasir M, Sarfraz S, Shlaghya G, Narayana SH, Mushtaq U, Shaman Ameen B, Nie C, Nechi D, Penumetcha SS. Vitamin E and Pioglitazone: A Comprehensive Systematic Review of Their Efficacy in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Cureus 2023; 15:e43635. [PMID: 37719477 PMCID: PMC10504864 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide, especially in people with obesity, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and metabolic syndrome. Weight loss and dietary modifications are established first-line treatments for NAFLD. Currently, there is no approved drug for NAFLD; however, pioglitazone and vitamin E have shown some beneficial effects. This systematic review covers the comparative efficacies of vitamin E, pioglitazone, and vitamin E plus pioglitazone. As of December 2022, the sources for prior literature review included PubMed, PubMed Central, and Medline. We included studies assessing the efficacy of pioglitazone, vitamin E, and vitamin E plus pioglitazone in improving liver histology, liver markers, and lipid profile when compared to other interventions in patients with NAFLD/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Review materials include randomized control trials (RCTs), traditional reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and observational studies on human participants published within the last five years in the English language. Studies on animals, pediatric populations, and with insufficient data were excluded from the review. Two authors scanned and filtered articles independently and later performed quality checks. A third reviewer resolved any conflicts. The risk of bias was assessed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines for systematic reviews, the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for RCTs, and the Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles for Traditional Reviews. A total of 21 articles were shortlisted. The results showed that pioglitazone and vitamin E are effective in reducing steatosis, inflammation, and ballooning, reducing liver markers, but there seem to be conflicting data on fibrosis resolution. Pioglitazone decreases triglycerides and increases high-density lipoproteins. One study has suggested that pioglitazone has superior efficacy to vitamin E in fibrosis reduction and vitamin E plus pioglitazone has superior efficacy than pioglitazone alone for NASH resolution. However, these conclusions require further validation through extensive analysis and additional research. In conclusion, diabetic patients with NAFLD can be given pioglitazone, and non-diabetic patients with NAFLD can be given vitamin E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra J Mazhar
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
- Internal Medicine, Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur, PAK
| | - Mohamed Yasir
- Internal Medicine, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, RUS
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Saba Sarfraz
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Gandhala Shlaghya
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Sri Harsha Narayana
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Ujala Mushtaq
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Basim Shaman Ameen
- Orthopedics, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Chuhao Nie
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Daniel Nechi
- Family Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Sai Sri Penumetcha
- General Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
- General Medicine, Chalmeda Anand Rao Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, IND
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Tsamos G, Vasdeki D, Koufakis T, Michou V, Makedou K, Tzimagiorgis G. Therapeutic Potentials of Reducing Liver Fat in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Close Association with Type 2 Diabetes. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040517. [PMID: 37110175 PMCID: PMC10141666 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most widespread chronic liver disease worldwide, confers a significant burden on health systems and leads to increased mortality and morbidity through several extrahepatic complications. NAFLD comprises a broad spectrum of liver-related disorders, including steatosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. It affects almost 30% of adults in the general population and up to 70% of people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), sharing common pathogenetic pathways with the latter. In addition, NAFLD is closely related to obesity, which acts in synergy with other predisposing conditions, including alcohol consumption, provoking progressive and insidious liver damage. Among the most potent risk factors for accelerating the progression of NAFLD to fibrosis or cirrhosis, diabetes stands out. Despite the rapid rise in NAFLD rates, identifying the optimal treatment remains a challenge. Interestingly, NAFLD amelioration or remission appears to be associated with a lower risk of T2DM, indicating that liver-centric therapies could reduce the risk of developing T2DM and vice versa. Consequently, assessing NAFLD requires a multidisciplinary approach to identify and manage this multisystemic clinical entity early. With the continuously emerging new evidence, innovative therapeutic strategies are being developed for the treatment of NAFLD, prioritizing a combination of lifestyle changes and glucose-lowering medications. Based on recent evidence, this review scrutinizes all practical and sustainable interventions to achieve a resolution of NAFLD through a multimodal approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Tsamos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich NR4 7UY, UK
| | - Dimitra Vasdeki
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Diabetes Center, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theocharis Koufakis
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Diabetes Center, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Michou
- Sports Medicine Laboratory, School of Physical Education & Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kali Makedou
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Tzimagiorgis
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Jin D, Cui Z, Jin S, Zhou T, Guo B, Gao P, Li G. Comparison of efficacy of anti-diabetics on non-diabetic NAFLD: A network meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1096064. [PMID: 36699084 PMCID: PMC9868463 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1096064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of currently used anti-diabetic medications in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) without diabetes. DESIGN The efficacy of various anti-diabetic medicines on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the absence of diabetes was evaluated by searching Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for randomized controlled trials (RCT) only. The methodological quality was evaluated using the Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB2), and the data were analyzed using Stata software (version 15.1). RESULTS All papers published between the time of the pooling and September 2022 were searched. There were a total of 18 randomized controlled studies with a total sample size of 1141 cases. The outcomes of interest included variations in alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST). Rosiglitazone (SUCRA: 100%) and vildagliptin (SUCRA: 99.9%) were the best anti-diabetic medicines to improve ALT and AST, respectively, in patients with NAFLD without diabetes, according to the findings of this network meta-analysis. CONCLUSION In accordance with the Network Ranking plot, Rosiglitazone was the best anti-diabetic medicine for improving ALT, and vildagliptin was the best for improving AST in patients with non-diabetic NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dachuan Jin
- Department of Liver Disease, Henan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital, Zhengzhou, China,*Correspondence: Dachuan Jin, ; Guangming Li,
| | - Zhongfeng Cui
- Clinical Lab, Henan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shunqin Jin
- Department of Radiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Baoqiang Guo
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Liver Disease, Henan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guangming Li
- Department of Liver Disease, Henan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital, Zhengzhou, China,*Correspondence: Dachuan Jin, ; Guangming Li,
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Vitality, mental health and role-physical mediate the influence of coping on depressive symptoms and self-efficacy in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A cross-sectional study. J Psychosom Res 2022; 162:111045. [PMID: 36174369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.111045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to determine whether the association between active coping and depressive symptoms in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was mediated by vitality, and whether diabetes and obesity could impact on this relationship. We also wanted to find out whether mental health and role-physical modulated the relationship between passive/avoidance coping and self-efficacy, and the role of liver fibrosis. METHODS Depressive symptoms (BDI-II), self-efficacy (GSE), coping (COPE-28) and quality of life (SF-12) were evaluated in 509 biopsy-proven NAFLD patients in this cross-sectional study. Mediation and moderated mediation models were conducted using the SPSS PROCESS v3.5 macro. RESULTS Vitality mediated the relationship between active coping and depressive symptoms (-2.254, CI = -2.792 to -1.765), with diabetes (-0.043, p = 0.017) and body mass index (BMI) (-0.005, p = 0.009) moderating the association. In addition, mental health (-6.435, CI = -8.399 to -4.542) and role-physical (-1.137, CI = -2.141 to -0.315) mediated the relationship between passive/avoidance coping and self-efficacy, with fibrosis stage (0.367, p < 0.001) moderating this association. Specifically, the presence of diabetes and significant fibrosis, and a higher BMI, were associated with greater negative impact on participant depressive symptoms or self-efficacy. CONCLUSION A maladaptive coping style was associated with poorer vitality, mental health and role-physical in NAFLD patients, which along with the presence of metabolic comorbidity (diabetes and obesity) and significant fibrosis predicted more depressive symptoms or poorer self-efficacy in these patients. These results suggested incorporating emotional and cognitive evaluation and treatment in patients with NAFLD.
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Pennisi G, Celsa C, Enea M, Vaccaro M, Di Marco V, Ciccioli C, Infantino G, La Mantia C, Parisi S, Vernuccio F, Craxì A, Cammà C, Petta S. Effect of pharmacological interventions and placebo on liver Histology in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: A network meta-analysis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:2279-2288. [PMID: 35970684 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of this study were to quantify the histological improvement and its risk factors in patients with NASH enrolled in the placebo arms of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and to indirectly compare the effect of several investigational drugs for NASH on validated histological outcomes. DATA SYNTHESIS A comprehensive search was conducted to detect phase 2 and 3 RCTs comparing pharmacological interventions in patients with NASH. According to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommendations, primary outcomes included: 1) NASH resolution without worsening of fibrosis; 2) At least 1-point reduction in fibrosis without worsening of NASH. Meta-analysis and meta-regressions were conducted on placebo arms, while network meta-analysis was performed on intervention arms. A total of 15 RCTs met the eligibility criteria. The meta-analysis on placebo arms showed a pooled estimate rate of 17% (95%C.I. 12%-23%;I2 = 86%; p < 0.01) for NASH resolution without worsening of fibrosis and of 21% (95%C.I. 13%-31%;I2 = 84%; p < 0.01) for ≥1stage improvement of fibrosis without worsening of NASH. Phase 3 (vs Phase 2)RCTs, older age and higher AST levels were significantly associated with progression of liver disease by univariate meta-regression. At network meta-analysis, Semaglutide (P-score 0.906), Pioglitazione alone (score 0.890) and plus Vitamin E (0.826) had the highest probability of being ranked the most effective intervention for NASH resolution without worsening of fibrosis, while Aldafermin (0.776), Lanifibranor (0.773) and Obeticholic acid (0.771) had the highest probability to achieve ≥1 stage of fibrosis improvement without worsening of NASH. CONCLUSION This study confirms the heterogeneity of histological progression of untreated patients with NASH and provides evidence to stratify patients according to identified risk factors in future RCTs of combination therapies. PROSPERO CRD42021287205.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Pennisi
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dipartimento Di Promozione Della Salute, Materno Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica Di Eccellenza (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Ciro Celsa
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dipartimento Di Promozione Della Salute, Materno Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica Di Eccellenza (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Enea
- Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche, Aziendali e Statistiche, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Vaccaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche, Aziendali e Statistiche, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vito Di Marco
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dipartimento Di Promozione Della Salute, Materno Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica Di Eccellenza (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Carlo Ciccioli
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dipartimento Di Promozione Della Salute, Materno Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica Di Eccellenza (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Infantino
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dipartimento Di Promozione Della Salute, Materno Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica Di Eccellenza (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudia La Mantia
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dipartimento Di Promozione Della Salute, Materno Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica Di Eccellenza (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefanie Parisi
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dipartimento Di Promozione Della Salute, Materno Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica Di Eccellenza (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Federica Vernuccio
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica avanzata (BIND), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Craxì
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dipartimento Di Promozione Della Salute, Materno Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica Di Eccellenza (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Cammà
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dipartimento Di Promozione Della Salute, Materno Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica Di Eccellenza (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Petta
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dipartimento Di Promozione Della Salute, Materno Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica Di Eccellenza (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Italy.
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Ajah AA, Lembede BW, Nkomozepi P, Erlwanger KH, Nyakudya TT. Neonatal Oral Administration of Chrysin Prevents Long-Term Development of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Sexually Dimorphic Manner in Fructose Nurtured Sprague Dawley Rats. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12060790. [PMID: 35743821 PMCID: PMC9225280 DOI: 10.3390/life12060790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fructose diets are linked with the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the management of which is a burden to society. Interventions with phytochemicals in the early postnatal period may prevent fructose-induced NAFLD later in adulthood. We investigated the protective potential of chrysin against fructose-induced NAFLD. Four-day-old male and female suckling Sprague Dawley rats (N = 112) were randomly grouped and orally gavaged daily with distilled water (negative Control-Cn + W), chrysin(Chr-100 mg/kg), fructose-solution (Fr-20% w/v), and Chr + Fr between postnatal day (PND) 4 and 21 and then weaned onto normal rat chow and plain drinking water to PND 55. From PND 56 to 130, half of the rats continued on plain water, and the rest had Fr as drinking fluid. Terminally, the liver tissue was collected, and the lipid content was determined and histologically assessed for NAFLD. Dietary Fr induced an increased hepatic lipid content (p = 0.0001 vs. Cn + W) both sexes, and it was only attenuated by neonatal Chr in female rats (p < 0.05). Histologically, there was increased microvesicular steatosis (p = 0.0001 vs. Cn + W) in both sexes, and it was prevented by neonatal Chr (p > 0.05). Fr caused macrovesicular steatosis (p = 0.01 vs. Cn + W) in females only, and chrysin did not prevent it (p > 0.05). Fr induced hepatocellular hypertrophy, and inflammation was observed in females only (p = 0.01 vs. Cn + W), and this was prevented by Chr (p > 0.05). The collagen area fraction was increased by Fr (p = 0.02 (males) and p = 0.04 (females) vs. Cn + W, respectively; however, chrysin did not prevent this (p > 0.05). Neonatal chrysin prevented some of the deleterious effects of the high-fructose diet on the liver, suggesting that chrysin should be further explored as a strategic prophylactic neonatal intervention against high-fructose-diet-induced NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin A. Ajah
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; (B.W.L.); (K.H.E.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Choba, Port Harcourt 500102, Nigeria
- Correspondence:
| | - Busisani W. Lembede
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; (B.W.L.); (K.H.E.)
| | - Pilani Nkomozepi
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Corner Beit and Siemert Street, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2094, South Africa; (P.N.); (T.T.N.)
| | - Kennedy H. Erlwanger
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; (B.W.L.); (K.H.E.)
| | - Trevor T. Nyakudya
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Corner Beit and Siemert Street, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2094, South Africa; (P.N.); (T.T.N.)
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Gezina, Pretoria 0031, South Africa
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Shibuya K, Ebihara K, Ebihara C, Sawayama N, Isoda M, Yamamuro D, Takahashi M, Nagashima S, Ishibashi S. AAA-ATPase valosin-containing protein (VCP) binds the transcription factor SREBP1 and promotes its proteolytic activation by rhomboid protease RHBDL4. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101936. [PMID: 35430252 PMCID: PMC9127370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Valosin-containing protein (VCP) is a member of AAA-ATPase superfamily involved in various cellular functions. To investigate the pathophysiological role of VCP in metabolic disorders, we generated knock-in mice bearing an A232E mutation in VCP, a known human VCP pathogenic variant. When heterozygous mutant mice (A232E/+) were fed a high-fat diet, we observed that fatty liver was ameliorated and the proteolytic processing of the transcription factor sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) was impaired. Further co-immunoprecipitation analysis in wildtype mice revealed interactions of VCP with SREBP1 and a rhomboid protease, RHBDL4, in the liver, and these interactions were attenuated in A232E/+ mice. Consistent with these results, we show that knockdown or chemical inhibition of VCP or RHBDL4 in human hepatocytes impaired the proteolytic processing of SREBP1. Finally, we found that knockdown of E3 ligases such as glycoprotein 78 and HMG-CoA reductase degradation protein 1 disrupted the interaction of VCP with SREBP1 and impaired the proteolytic processing of SREBP1. These results suggest that VCP recognizes ubiquitinylated SREBP1 and recruits it to RHBDL4 to promote its proteolytic processing. The present study reveals a novel proteolytic processing pathway of SREBP1 and may lead to development of new therapeutic strategies to treat fatty liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Shibuya
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Yakushiji 3311-1, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Ken Ebihara
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Yakushiji 3311-1, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.
| | - Chihiro Ebihara
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Yakushiji 3311-1, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Nagisa Sawayama
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Yakushiji 3311-1, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Masayo Isoda
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Yakushiji 3311-1, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamamuro
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Yakushiji 3311-1, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Manabu Takahashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Yakushiji 3311-1, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Shuichi Nagashima
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Yakushiji 3311-1, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Shun Ishibashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Yakushiji 3311-1, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
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11
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Jeon SH, Jang E, Park G, Lee Y, Jang YP, Lee KT, Inn KS, Lee JK, Lee JH. Beneficial Activities of Alisma orientale Extract in a Western Diet-Induced Murine Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis and Related Fibrosis Model via Regulation of the Hepatic Adiponectin and Farnesoid X Receptor Pathways. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030695. [PMID: 35277054 PMCID: PMC8839158 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The hepatic adiponectin and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signaling pathways play multiple roles in modulating lipid and glucose metabolism, reducing hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, and altering various metabolic targets for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Alisma orientale (AO, Ze xie in Chinese and Taeksa in Korean) is an herbal plant whose tubers are enriched with triterpenoids, which have been reported to exhibit various bioactive properties associated with NAFLD. Here, the present study provides a preclinical evaluation of the biological functions and related signaling pathways of AO extract for the treatment of NAFLD in a Western diet (WD)-induced mouse model. The findings showed that AO extract significantly reversed serum markers (liver function, lipid profile, and glucose) and improved histological features in the liver sections of mice fed WD for 52 weeks. In addition, it also reduced hepatic expression of fibrogenic markers in liver tissue and decreased the extent of collagen-positive areas, as well as inhibited F4/80 macrophage aggregation and inflammatory cytokine secretion. The activation of adiponectin and FXR expression in hepatic tissue may be a major mechanistic signaling cascade supporting the promising role of AO in NAFLD pharmacotherapy. Collectively, our results demonstrated that AO extract improves non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) resolution, particularly with respect to NASH-related fibrosis, along with the regulation of liver enzymes, postprandial hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and weight loss, probably through the modulation of the hepatic adiponectin and FXR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Ho Jeon
- Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.H.J.); (Y.L.)
| | - Eungyeong Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital, 23, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Geonha Park
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (G.P.); (Y.P.J.); (K.-T.L.)
| | - Yeongae Lee
- Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.H.J.); (Y.L.)
| | - Young Pyo Jang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (G.P.); (Y.P.J.); (K.-T.L.)
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (G.P.); (Y.P.J.); (K.-T.L.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Inn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Jong Kil Lee
- Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.H.J.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (J.K.L.); (J.-H.L.); Tel.: +82-2-961-9629 (J.K.L.); +82-2-958-9118 (J.-H.L.); Fax: +82-2-961-9580 (J.K.L.); +82-2-958-9258 (J.-H.L.)
| | - Jang-Hoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.K.L.); (J.-H.L.); Tel.: +82-2-961-9629 (J.K.L.); +82-2-958-9118 (J.-H.L.); Fax: +82-2-961-9580 (J.K.L.); +82-2-958-9258 (J.-H.L.)
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12
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Dallio M, Masarone M, Romeo M, Tuccillo C, Morisco F, Persico M, Loguercio C, Federico A. PNPLA3, TM6SF2, and MBOAT7 Influence on Nutraceutical Therapy Response for Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:734847. [PMID: 34692725 PMCID: PMC8531439 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.734847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: PNPLA3, TM6SF2, and MBOAT7 genes play a crucial role in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development and worsening. However, few data are available on their treatment response influence. The aim of this trial is to explore the effect derived from silybin-phospholipids complex (303 mg of silybin-phospholipids complex, 10 μg of vitamin D, and 15 mg of vitamin E twice a day for 6 months) oral administration in NAFLD patients carrying PNPLA3-rs738409, TM6SF2-rs58542926, or MBOAT7-rs641738 genetic variants. Materials and Methods: In all, 92 biopsy-proven NAFLD patients were grouped in 30 NAFLD wild type controls, 30 wild type treated patients, and 32 mutated treated ones. We assessed glycemia (FPG), insulinemia, HOMA-IR, aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (AST, ALT), C-reactive protein (CRP), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), stiffness, controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), dietary daily intake, and physical activity at baseline and end of treatment. Results: The wild-type treated group showed a significant improvement of FPG, insulinemia, HOMA-IR, ALT, CRP, and TBARS (p < 0.05), whereas no improvements were recorded in the other two study groups. NAFLD wild type treated patients showed higher possibilities of useful therapeutic outcome (p < 0.01), obtained from the prescribed therapeutic regimen, independently from age, sex, comorbidities, medications, CAP, and stiffness in comparison to the mutated group. Discussion: The assessed mutations are independently associated with no response to a silybin-based therapeutic regimen and could be considered as useful predictive markers in this context. Clinical Trial Registry Number: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT04640324.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Dallio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Masarone
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Mario Romeo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Concetta Tuccillo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Filomena Morisco
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marcello Persico
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmelina Loguercio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Federico
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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13
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Namkhah Z, Naeini F, Ostadrahimi A, Tutunchi H, Hosseinzadeh-Attar MJ. The association of the adipokine zinc-alpha2-glycoprotein with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and related risk factors: A comprehensive systematic review. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e13985. [PMID: 33404166 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The adipokine zinc-alpha2-glycoprotein (ZAG), a multidisciplinary protein, is involved in lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis and energy balance. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the expression of ZAG is mainly downregulated in obesity and obesity-related conditions. In the present study, we assessed the association of ZAG with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the related risk factors including obesity, metabolic factors and inflammatory parameters, with emphasis on potential mechanisms underlying these associations. METHODS PRISMA guidelines were followed in this review. Systematic searches were performed using the PubMed/Medline, ScienceDirect, Scopus, EMBASE, ProQuest and Google Scholar databases, up to August 2020 for all relevant published papers. RESULTS Out of 362 records screened, 34 articles were included in the final analysis. According to the studies reviewed here, ZAG appears to exert a protective effect against NAFLD by enhancing mRNA expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and PPARγ, promoting mRNA expression levels of the lipolysis-related genes, reducing mRNA expression levels of the lipogenesis-related genes, increasing hepatic fatty acid oxidation, ameliorating hepatic steatosis, promoting the activity of brown adipose tissue and the expression of thermogenesis-related genes, modulating energy balance and glucose homeostasis, and elevating plasma levels of healthy adipokines such as adiponectin. ZAG can also be involved in the regulation of inflammatory responses by attenuation of the expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic mediators. CONCLUSION According to the studies reviewed here, ZAG is suggested to be a promising therapeutic target for NAFLD. However, the favourable effects of ZAG need to be confirmed in prospective cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Namkhah
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Naeini
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ostadrahimi
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Helda Tutunchi
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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14
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Gough A, Soto-Gutierrez A, Vernetti L, Ebrahimkhani MR, Stern AM, Taylor DL. Human biomimetic liver microphysiology systems in drug development and precision medicine. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 18:252-268. [PMID: 33335282 PMCID: PMC9106093 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-020-00386-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microphysiology systems (MPS), also called organs-on-chips and tissue chips, are miniaturized functional units of organs constructed with multiple cell types under a variety of physical and biochemical environmental cues that complement animal models as part of a new paradigm of drug discovery and development. Biomimetic human liver MPS have evolved from simpler 2D cell models, spheroids and organoids to address the increasing need to understand patient-specific mechanisms of complex and rare diseases, the response to therapeutic treatments, and the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity of potential therapeutics. The parallel development and application of transdisciplinary technologies, including microfluidic devices, bioprinting, engineered matrix materials, defined physiological and pathophysiological media, patient-derived primary cells, and pluripotent stem cells as well as synthetic biology to engineer cell genes and functions, have created the potential to produce patient-specific, biomimetic MPS for detailed mechanistic studies. It is projected that success in the development and maturation of patient-derived MPS with known genotypes and fully matured adult phenotypes will lead to advanced applications in precision medicine. In this Review, we examine human biomimetic liver MPS that are designed to recapitulate the liver acinus structure and functions to enhance our knowledge of the mechanisms of disease progression and of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity of therapeutic candidates and drugs as well as to evaluate their mechanisms of action and their application in precision medicine and preclinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Gough
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alejandro Soto-Gutierrez
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lawrence Vernetti
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mo R Ebrahimkhani
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andrew M Stern
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - D Lansing Taylor
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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15
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Yilmaz Y, Byrne CD, Musso G. A single-letter change in an acronym: signals, reasons, promises, challenges, and steps ahead for moving from NAFLD to MAFLD. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 15:345-352. [PMID: 33270482 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2021.1860019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: We are currently at the dawn of a revolution in the field of fatty liver diseases. Recently, a consensus recommended 'metabolic (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease' (MAFLD) as a more appropriate name to describe fatty liver disease associated with metabolic dysfunction, ultimately suggesting that the old acronym nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) should be abandoned.Areas covered: In this viewpoint, we discuss the reasons and relevance of this semantic modification through five different conceptual domains, i.e., 1) signals, 2) reasons, 2) promises, 4) challenges and 5) steps ahead.Expert opinion: The road ahead will not be traveled without major challenges. Further research to evaluate the positive and negative impacts of the nomenclature change is warranted. However, this modification should encourage increased disease awareness among policymakers and stimulate public and private investments leading to more effective therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Yilmaz
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Liver Research Unit, Institute of Gastroenterology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- National Institute for Health Research, Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.,School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Giovanni Musso
- HUMANITAS Gradenigo Hospital; Laboratory of Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, Città della Salute, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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16
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Funuyet-Salas J, Pérez-San-Gregorio MÁ, Martín-Rodríguez A, Romero-Gómez M. Quality of Life and Coping in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Influence of Diabetes and Obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3503. [PMID: 33800585 PMCID: PMC8036804 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Our aim was to analyze how type 2 diabetes and obesity influence quality of life (QoL) and coping in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and which coping strategies predict diabetic or obese participants' QoL. QoL (SF-12, CLDQ-NAFLD) and coping strategies (COPE-28) were evaluated in 307 biopsy-proven NAFLD patients with absence or presence of diabetes or obesity. QoL was compared with normality tables for the general Spanish population. Interactive effects were found in physical functioning (p = 0.008), role-physical (p = 0.016) and activity (p = 0.014). Diabetic patients reported worse scores when they were also obese and vice versa, that is, obese patients scored worse when they were also diabetic. Both diabetic and obese patients had lower QoL than those without metabolic pathology or the general population, and obese patients also reported more passive/avoidance coping. Active coping, positive reframing and acceptance predicted better QoL, while denial, self-blame, self-distraction, disengagement and religion predicted lower QoL. In conclusion, diabetes and obesity were associated with lower QoL in patients with NAFLD. Obesity was also associated with more passive/avoidance coping. Furthermore, passive/avoidance coping strategies predicted lower QoL than active, recommending modification of maladaptive coping strategies in future multidisciplinary NAFLD treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Funuyet-Salas
- Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Seville, 41018 Seville, Spain; (M.Á.P.-S.-G.); (A.M.-R.)
| | - María Ángeles Pérez-San-Gregorio
- Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Seville, 41018 Seville, Spain; (M.Á.P.-S.-G.); (A.M.-R.)
| | - Agustín Martín-Rodríguez
- Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Seville, 41018 Seville, Spain; (M.Á.P.-S.-G.); (A.M.-R.)
| | - Manuel Romero-Gómez
- UCM Digestive Diseases and Ciberehd, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain;
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17
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Liu H, Zhan Q, Miao X, Xia X, Yang G, Peng X, Yan C. Punicalagin Prevents Hepatic Steatosis through Improving Lipid Homeostasis and Inflammation in Liver and Adipose Tissue and Modulating Gut Microbiota in Western Diet-Fed Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2001031. [PMID: 33369197 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202001031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Punicalagin (PU)-rich pomegranate peel extract has been shown before to exert protective effects against high fat-induced hepatic damage. The aim of this study is to explore whether and how PU antagonizes hepatic steatosis in Western diet-fed (WD) mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice are fed either chow diet, WD (containing 42% fat, 15% protein, and 43% carbohydrates), or WD supplemented with PU (50 mg kg-1 body weight/day) for 13 weeks. Weight gain, hepatic fat content, and inflammation in the liver and adipose tissues are measured. Compared to the WD group, PU-treated mice have lower fat content, decreased levels of alanine transaminase, and inflammation in liver. PU also changed the transcriptional expression of important genes in fatty acid oxidation pathway and alleviated glucose intolerance. Furthermore, PU improved adiponectin signaling and lipid metabolism in visceral adipose tissue. Moreover, PU improved gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by WD and enhanced gut barrier function. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that PU improves hepatic steatosis induced by WD, in part through regulating lipid homeostasis and inflammation in liver and adipose tissue and restoring microbiota shift and impaired gut barrier function. Thus, PU can be potentially developed as a potential prevention strategy in combating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116034, China
| | - Qiuyao Zhan
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518083, China
| | - Xin Miao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaodong Xia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116034, China
| | - Gaoji Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaoli Peng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chunhong Yan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116034, China
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18
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Palmieri B, Corazzari V, Panariello Brasile DG, Sangiovanni V, VadalÀ M. Hepatic steatosis integrated approach: nutritional guidelines and joined nutraceutical administration. MINERVA GASTROENTERO 2021; 66:307-320. [PMID: 33443240 DOI: 10.23736/s1121-421x.20.02738-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nonalcoholic fat liver disease (NAFLD) progresses in 30% of the patients to not alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and subsequently in liver fibrosis and even primary cancer and death. Due to the complex physiopathology of the liver steatosis, NASH is an area orphan of specific drugs, but many authors suggest an integrated treatment based upon diet, lifestyle change, and pharmacology. METHODS Our clinical study selected from a wider patient cohort, 13 subjects, appealing to the Second Opinion Medical Consulting Network, for liver and nutritional problems. The diet was integrated with regular prescription of an herbal derivative based on Chrysanthellum americanum and Pistacia lentiscus L. extracts. Clinical data of the recruited patients including body weight, Body Mass Index, were recorded before and after treatment. Each patient underwent pre-post accurate clinical examination and lab exams. The liver stiffness and liver steatosis were evaluated by a trained hepatologist with FibroScan®. RESULTS A significant reduction of anthropometric parameters was detected in all the patients at the end of the study; liver fibrosis and steatosis were instrumentally decreased in 8 subjects, but not significant changes in lab exams and no adverse effects were reported. CONCLUSIONS Chrysanthellum americanum and Pistacia lentiscus L. extracts were absolutely safe and effective and gave a substantial contribution to the life quality benefit, metabolic balance and gut function in patients with hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beniamino Palmieri
- Second Opinion Medical Network, Modena, Italy.,Medico Cura Te Stesso Onlus, Modena, Italy
| | - Veronica Corazzari
- Second Opinion Medical Network, Modena, Italy - .,Medico Cura Te Stesso Onlus, Modena, Italy
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19
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Gheorghe G, Bungău S, Ceobanu G, Ilie M, Bacalbaşa N, Bratu OG, Vesa CM, Găman MA, Diaconu CC. The non-invasive assessment of hepatic fibrosis. J Formos Med Assoc 2020; 120:794-803. [PMID: 32861550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2020.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic disease accounts for approximately 2 million deaths/year worldwide. Liver fibrosis, as the last stage of numerous chronic liver diseases, is one of the most relevant prognostic factors. The liver biopsy with the histopathological examination is considered to be the "gold standard" for the identification and staging of the hepatic fibrosis. However, liver biopsy is known as an invasive investigation that has multiple limitations. Research studies conducted in the last few years focused on identifying non-invasive type methods for the evaluation of hepatic fibrosis; usually, there are 2 categories of such investigations: serologic tests and imaging techniques. This narrative review presents the non-invasive investigation methods used in the liver fibrosis evaluation. New molecular perspectives on fibrogenesis and fibrosis regression, as well as the appearance of therapeutic antifibrotic agents, justify the necessity of non-invasive tools to detect and grade liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Gheorghe
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Simona Bungău
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania.
| | - Gabriela Ceobanu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 014461 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Mădălina Ilie
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Nicolae Bacalbaşa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Ovidiu Gabriel Bratu
- Department of Urology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Cosmin Mihai Vesa
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028, Oradea, Romania.
| | - Mihnea-Alexandru Găman
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 050474 Bucharest, Romania; Department of Hematology, Center of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest 022328, Romania.
| | - Camelia Cristina Diaconu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 014461 Bucharest, Romania; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
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Herbal formulation MIT ameliorates high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Integr Med Res 2020; 9:100422. [PMID: 32489856 PMCID: PMC7260683 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2020.100422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases and is caused by obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, and insulin resistance. Many studies have explored novel candidates to treat NAFLD using herbal medicines owing to their fewer side effects. In this study, we examined the effect of MIT, an herbal formula comprising Ephedra sinica, Panax ginseng, and Alisma orientale, on the murine model of NAFLD. Methods To evaluate the effect of MIT on NAFLD, we used the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD mice model. The mice were divided into four groups: control, HFD, HFD with metformin administration, and HFD with MIT administration. Freeze-dried MIT was dissolved in phosphate buffered saline and orally administered for 8 weeks to MIT-treated mice (60 mg/kg) after feeding them with HFD for 16 weeks. Results MIT treatment significantly attenuated fat accumulation, serum glucose levels, and excessive cholesterol. It also reduced the activation of NF-κB, JNK, ERK, mammalian target of rapamycin, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ in the HFD-induced NAFLD mice. The expression level of enzymes involved in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids, acetyl-coA carboxylase and CYP2E1, were clearly reduced by MIT treatment. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and subsequent liver damage were effectively reduced by MIT treatment. Conclusion We suggest that MIT is a potent herbal formula that can be used for the prevention and treatment of obesity-related NAFLD via regulating the levels of serum glucose and free fatty acids, inflammation, lipid accumulation, and ROS-mediated liver damage.
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