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Luna Juncal MJ, Masino P, Bertone E, Stewart RA. Towards nutrient neutrality: A review of agricultural runoff mitigation strategies and the development of a decision-making framework. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162408. [PMID: 36828071 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient runoff from agriculture practices poses a significant risk to waterway health and can have long-lasting and complex implications for the environment, ecosystems, and the human population. Consequently, a systematic quantitative literature review (SQLR) was conducted to identify different nutrient runoff mitigation strategies (NRMS) that are currently used globally to prevent or remediate environmental damage from excessive agricultural fertilisation. Empirical data on the outcomes from various NRMS from the reviewed studies were used to evaluate the strategies based on environmental benefit, implementation cost, and practicality perspectives. An overall assessment of the feasibility of NRMS was determined, and a macro-level assessment of the reported barriers preventing the widespread implementation of NRMS was provided. Identified research gaps and issues included a dearth of literature covering nutrient runoff mitigation, scepticism from agricultural landowners to voluntarily adopt policy without substantial incentives, and a general lack of cost/benefit analyses, including an understanding of the uncertainty associated with NRMS that can inform decision-makers about effective and efficient strategies for different site situations. Synthesis of SQLR data facilitated the development of a comprehensive nutrient runoff decision-making framework which addresses present limitations and provides site-specific NRMS recommendations for policymakers to implement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Luna Juncal
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, QLD 4222, Australia; Cities Research Institute, Griffith University, QLD 4222, Australia; Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - Pietro Masino
- Department of Territorial Sciences and Policies (DIST), University of Turin, 10124 Torino, Italy
| | - Edoardo Bertone
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, QLD 4222, Australia; Cities Research Institute, Griffith University, QLD 4222, Australia; Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - Rodney A Stewart
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, QLD 4222, Australia; Cities Research Institute, Griffith University, QLD 4222, Australia
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Li H, Liu Z, Tan C, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Bai X, Wu L, Yang H. Efficient nitrogen removal from stormwater runoff by bioretention system: The construction of plant carbon source-based heterotrophic and sulfur autotrophic denitrification process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 349:126803. [PMID: 35124218 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The plant carbon source and sulfur were selected as the denitrification electron donors and filled in the internal water storage zone (IWSZ) of bioretention system to establish excellent mixotrophic denitrification system, which was beneficial to waste recycling and showed very high nitrate nitrogen removal efficiency (approximately 94%). The ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, and chemical oxygen demand removal efficiencies could reach 79.41%, 85.89%, and 74.07%, respectively. Mechanism study revealed the synergistic degradation effect was existed between acetic acid released from plant carbon source and the generated sulfate, which improved the S/CH3COOH mediated nitrate nitrogen removal reactions. Autotrophic denitrification occurred mainly in the upper layer of IWSZ, and the dominant bacteria were Thiobacillus. While in the lower layer, the dominant bacteria were mainly related to organic matter utilization and heterotrophic denitrification. The abundance of narG, nirK, nirS, and nosZ functional genes in the upper layer was significantly higher than the lower layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Li
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Zhaoying Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Chaohong Tan
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xiaoran Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xiaojuan Bai
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Liyuan Wu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Hua Yang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design, Beijing 100044, China
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Yánez D, Guerrero L, Borja R, Huiliñir C. Sulfur-based mixotrophic denitrification with the stoichiometric S 0/N ratio and methanol supplementation: effect of the C/N ratio on the process. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2021; 56:1420-1427. [PMID: 34851232 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2021.2004839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The impact of the organic carbon to nitrate ratio (C/N ratio) on mixotrophic denitrification rate has been scarcely studied. Thus, this work aims to investigate the effect of the C/N ratio on the mixotrophic denitrification when methanol is used as a source of organic matter and elemental sulfur as an electron donor for autotrophic denitrification. For this, two initial concentrations of NO3--N (50 and 25 mg/L) at a stoichiometric ratio of S0/N, and four initial C/N ratios (0, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.9 mg CH3OH/mg NO3- -N) were used at 25 (±2) °C. The results showed that when using a C/N ratio of 0.6, the highest total nitrogen removal was obtained and the accumulation of nitrites was reduced, compared to an autotrophic system. The most significant contribution to nitrate consumption was through autotrophic denitrification (AuDeN) for a C/N ratio of 0.6 and 1.2, while for C/N = 1.9 the most significant contribution of nitrate consumption was through heterotrophic denitrification (HD). Finally, organic supplementation (methanol) served to increase the specific nitrate removal rate at high and low initial concentrations of substrate. Therefore, the best C/N ratio was 0.6 since it allowed for increasing the removal efficiency and the denitrification rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Yánez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorna Guerrero
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Rafael Borja
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - César Huiliñir
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Zhao L, Fu G, Wu J, Pang W, Hu Z. Bioaugmented constructed wetlands for efficient saline wastewater treatment with multiple denitrification pathways. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 335:125236. [PMID: 33991883 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Six laboratory-scale constructed wetlands (CWs) were used to quantify the nitrogen removal (NR) capacity in the treatment of saline wastewater at high (6:1) and low (2:1) carbon-nitrogen ratios (C/N), with and without bioaugmentation of aerobic-denitrifying bacterium. Sustained high-efficiency nitrification was observed throughout the operation. However, under different C/N ratios, although the bioaugmentation of aerobic-denitrifying bacterium promoted the removal of NO3--N and TN, there were still great differences in denitrification. Molecular biology experiments revealed ammonia-oxidizing archaea, together with the Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira, led to highly efficient nitrification. Furthermore, aerobic-denitrifying bacterium and sulfur-driven denitrifiers were the core denitrification groups in CWs. By performing these combined experiments, it was possible to determine the optimal CW design and the most relevant NR processes for the treatment of salty wastewater. The results suggest that the bioaugmentation of salt-tolerant functional bacteria with multiple NR pathways are crucial for the removal of salty wastewater pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Guiping Fu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Jinfa Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Weicheng Pang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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Zhang H, Ahmad Z, Shao Y, Yang Z, Jia Y, Zhong H. Bioretention for removal of nitrogen: processes, operational conditions, and strategies for improvement. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10519-10535. [PMID: 33443738 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12319-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As one of the low-impact development measures, bioretention plays an important role in reducing the runoff peak flow and minimizing runoff pollutants, such as heavy metals, suspended solids, and nutrients. However, the efficiency of nitrogen removal in the bioretention system is unstable, owing to the different chemical properties of various forms of nitrogen and the limitations of current bioretention system for nitrogen transformation. This review article summarizes the recent advances in bioretention system in treatment of urban stormwater and agricultural runoff for nitrogen removal. The microbial characteristics and main processes of nitrogen transformation in bioretention are reviewed. The operational conditions affecting nitrogen removal, including climatic conditions, pH, wet-dry alternation, influent loads and nitrogen concentration, and hydraulic residence time are discussed. Finally, measures or strategies for increasing nitrogen removal efficiency are proposed from the perspectives of structural improvement of the bioretention system, optimization of medium composition, and enhancement of the nitrogen removal reaction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Zulfiqar Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Yalu Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Zhonghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Yufei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Hua Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China.
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Ling Y, Yan G, Wang H, Dong W, Wang H, Chang Y, Chang M, Li C. Release Mechanism, Secondary Pollutants and Denitrification Performance Comparison of Six Kinds of Agricultural Wastes as Solid Carbon Sources for Nitrate Removal. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18031232. [PMID: 33573097 PMCID: PMC7908289 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural wastes used as denitrification carbon sources have some drawbacks such as excessive organic carbon release and unclear release characteristics of nitrogen, phosphorus, and chromatic substances, which can cause adverse effects on the effluent quality during the denitrification process. The composition and surface characteristics, carbon release mechanisms, and secondary pollutant release properties of six kinds of agricultural wastes, i.e., rice straw (RS), wheat straw (WS), corn stalk (CS), corncob (CC), soybean stalk (SS), and soybean hull (SH) were studied and analyzed in this research. The denitrification performance of these agricultural wastes was also investigated extensively by batch experiments. The results showed that the carbon release basically followed the second-order reaction kinetic equation and Ritger-Peppas equation in the 120 h reaction, and it was mainly controlled by the diffusion process. The kinetic equation fitting results and bioavailability test suggested that the potential risk of excessive effluent COD of CC was the lowest due to the appropriate amount and degradability of its released carbon. The NH4+-N, TN, and TP in the leachate of RS were higher than those of the other five agriculture wastes, and the chroma in the leachate of WS and CS was heavier than that of the others. CC released the lowest pollutants, which resulted in slight fluctuations of effluent quality in the start-up period (1-11 d), and it had the best nitrogen removal capacity in the denitrification experiment. The average NO3--N removal of CC was 5.12 mg for each batch in the stable period (11-27 d), which was higher than that of others, and less NO2--N, NH4+-N, and COD were accumulated in the CC effluent during the whole denitrification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ling
- Research Center of Environmental Pollution Control Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China; (Y.L.); (G.Y.); (W.D.); (H.W.); (Y.C.); (C.L.)
| | - Guokai Yan
- Research Center of Environmental Pollution Control Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China; (Y.L.); (G.Y.); (W.D.); (H.W.); (Y.C.); (C.L.)
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Research Center of Environmental Pollution Control Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China; (Y.L.); (G.Y.); (W.D.); (H.W.); (Y.C.); (C.L.)
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (M.C.)
| | - Weiyang Dong
- Research Center of Environmental Pollution Control Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China; (Y.L.); (G.Y.); (W.D.); (H.W.); (Y.C.); (C.L.)
| | - Huan Wang
- Research Center of Environmental Pollution Control Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China; (Y.L.); (G.Y.); (W.D.); (H.W.); (Y.C.); (C.L.)
| | - Yang Chang
- Research Center of Environmental Pollution Control Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China; (Y.L.); (G.Y.); (W.D.); (H.W.); (Y.C.); (C.L.)
| | - Ming Chang
- Basin Research Center for Water Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (M.C.)
| | - Congyu Li
- Research Center of Environmental Pollution Control Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China; (Y.L.); (G.Y.); (W.D.); (H.W.); (Y.C.); (C.L.)
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