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Bloem BR, Boonstra TA, Elbaz A, Vermeulen RCH. Glyphosate and neurotoxicity - a call for scientific renewal. Nat Rev Neurol 2024; 20:131-132. [PMID: 38167680 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00919-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Bastiaan R Bloem
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Centre of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
| | | | - Alexis Elbaz
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Villejuif, France
| | - Roel C H Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Śmiłowska K, Pietrzykowski T, Owczarek AJ, Dorsey ER, Bloem BR, van Wamelen DJ. The Prevalence of Parkinson's Disease in Poland: Regional and Sex-Related Differences. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024; 14:521-532. [PMID: 38457147 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-230291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Background Given the growing evidence for an environmental contribution to the etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD), searching for local and regional differences in PD prevalence in multiple areas across the world may further clarify the role of environmental toxins. Objective To provide local and regional prevalence estimates of PD in Poland. Methods We analyzed the prevalence of PD and its trend over the last decade (2010 to 2019) based on data from the National Health Fund in Poland. We specifically examined sex differences in PD prevalence, as well as differences across Polish regions. Results During the above period, the prevalence of PD in Poland increased from 226 per 100,000 to 269 per 100,000 inhabitants. Unexpectedly, we found that PD was 1.2-times more common in women than men. The increase in prevalence over the past decade was different between both sexes: an increase from 250 to 283 per 100,000 for women (13.3% increase), and from 200 to 254 per 100,000 for men (27.1% increase). In addition, we observed differences in prevalence across different Polish regions, with some regions having up to 51% lower prevalence rates than others. Conclusions The prevalence of PD in Poland is in line with previously reported prevalence rates across Europe. However, unlike the situation in most of the world, PD was more prevalent in women than men. We discuss several possible explanations as well as potential measures that might help to reduce the growth of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Śmiłowska
- Department of Neurology, 5th Regional Hospital in Sosnowiec, Poland
- Department of Neurology Centre of Expertise for Parkinson and Movement Disorders, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tomasz Pietrzykowski
- Faculty of Law and Administration, Research Centre for Public Policy and Regulatory Governance, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksander J Owczarek
- Department of Pathophysiology, Health Promotion and Obesity Management Unit,Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - E Ray Dorsey
- Center for Health + Technology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Bastiaan R Bloem
- Department of Neurology Centre of Expertise for Parkinson and Movement Disorders, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel J van Wamelen
- Department of Neurology Centre of Expertise for Parkinson and Movement Disorders, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
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Shan L, Heusinkveld HJ, Paul KC, Hughes S, Darweesh SKL, Bloem BR, Homberg JR. Towards improved screening of toxins for Parkinson's risk. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:169. [PMID: 38114496 PMCID: PMC10730534 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00615-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive and disabling neurodegenerative disorder. The prevalence of PD has risen considerably over the past decades. A growing body of evidence suggest that exposure to environmental toxins, including pesticides, solvents and heavy metals (collectively called toxins), is at least in part responsible for this rapid growth. It is worrying that the current screening procedures being applied internationally to test for possible neurotoxicity of specific compounds offer inadequate insights into the risk of developing PD in humans. Improved screening procedures are therefore urgently needed. Our review first substantiates current evidence on the relation between exposure to environmental toxins and the risk of developing PD. We subsequently propose to replace the current standard toxin screening by a well-controlled multi-tier toxin screening involving the following steps: in silico studies (tier 1) followed by in vitro tests (tier 2), aiming to prioritize agents with human relevant routes of exposure. More in depth studies can be undertaken in tier 3, with whole-organism (in)vertebrate models. Tier 4 has a dedicated focus on cell loss in the substantia nigra and on the presumed mechanisms of neurotoxicity in rodent models, which are required to confirm or refute the possible neurotoxicity of any individual compound. This improved screening procedure should not only evaluate new pesticides that seek access to the market, but also critically assess all pesticides that are being used today, acknowledging that none of these has ever been proven to be safe from a perspective of PD. Importantly, the improved screening procedures should not just assess the neurotoxic risk of isolated compounds, but should also specifically look at the cumulative risk conveyed by exposure to commonly used combinations of pesticides (cocktails). The worldwide implementation of such an improved screening procedure, would be an essential step for policy makers and governments to recognize PD-related environmental risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Shan
- Department Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Harm J Heusinkveld
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Kimberly C Paul
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Samantha Hughes
- A-LIFE Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, Section Environmental Health and Toxicology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sirwan K L Darweesh
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan R Bloem
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith R Homberg
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Dammertz L, Schrag A, Bohlken J, Heuer J, Kohring C, Schorlemmer J, Akmatov MK, Bätzing J, Holstiege J. Falling incidence of Parkinson's disease in Germany. Eur J Neurol 2023; 30:3124-3131. [PMID: 37498553 DOI: 10.1111/ene.16000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is strongly associated with age. The aim of the present study was to describe current sex- and age-specific trends and regional differences in the incidence of IPD diagnosed in older people in Germany. METHODS This study was based on nationwide outpatient claims and drug prescription data from the German Statutory Health Insurance, covering approximately 87% of the general population. We conducted a cohort study in patients aged 50 years or older with observation time of at least 4 years. To assess the robustness of nationwide annual IPD incidence trends from 2013 to 2019, three case definitions with varying levels of stringency regarding coded outpatient diagnoses and drug prescriptions were applied. RESULTS In 2019, the population at risk comprised 30,575,726 persons. Using the primary and most specific case definition, annual age- and sex-standardized cumulative IPD incidence decreased stepwise from 137 (2013) to 106 (2019) new cases per 100,000 persons. The decline in incidence was seen in both sexes, in all age groups and in the majority of German regions. The relative decrease (2013-2019) in the annual age- and sex-standardized IPD incidence varied from 23% to 28% among case definitions. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate a nationwide decline in the age- and sex-standardized incidence of IPD from 2013 to 2019 in Germany. This trend was consistent using different case definitions. Further research is needed to elucidate the factors underlying this trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Dammertz
- Department of Epidemiology and Healthcare Atlas, Central Research Institute of Ambulatory Health Care in Germany, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anette Schrag
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jens Bohlken
- Institut für Sozialmedizin, Arbeitsmedizin und Public Health (ISAP) der Medizinischen Fakultät der Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joachim Heuer
- Department of Epidemiology and Healthcare Atlas, Central Research Institute of Ambulatory Health Care in Germany, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Kohring
- Department of Epidemiology and Healthcare Atlas, Central Research Institute of Ambulatory Health Care in Germany, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Manas K Akmatov
- Department of Epidemiology and Healthcare Atlas, Central Research Institute of Ambulatory Health Care in Germany, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Bätzing
- Department of Epidemiology and Healthcare Atlas, Central Research Institute of Ambulatory Health Care in Germany, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jakob Holstiege
- Department of Epidemiology and Healthcare Atlas, Central Research Institute of Ambulatory Health Care in Germany, Berlin, Germany
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Azarpira H, Rasolevandi T, Mahvi AH, Karimy M. Diazinon pesticide photocatalytic degradation in aqueous matrices based on reductive agent release in iodide exciting under UV Irradiation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:58078-58087. [PMID: 35362886 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19811-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Regarding the cost-effective degradation of diazinon (DIZ), the present study was conducted to develop and UV/iodide process in a photo catalyst reactor. CCD modeling applied and the results shows that the highest R-squared value (adjusted R-squared: 0.9987), the lowest P-value (2.842 e - 10), the lowest AIC (14.54), and the most insignificant lack-of-fit (0.73) belonged to the second-order model. Based on second-order model, the stationary points for time, iodide: DIZ (molar ratio %), DIZ concentration, and pH were 6.99 min, 80.15% iodide: DIZ (molar ratio %), 3.34, mg L-1, and pH 7.34 (- log10[H+]), respectively. The maximum reduction efficiency of 97.22% was obtained at the experimental conditions. The LC-MS analyses from optimal condition implied that all the DIZ molecules and its intermediates breaking to simple compounds during 15 min of processing. The data shown UI process reduced the BOD and COD levels by about 66% and 86.29% within 80 min of photoreaction, respectively. Furthermore, in kinetic investigation, with the increase in DIZ concentration, kobs and robs increased and secondly, the conventional and PCBR reactor kobs increased by about respectively 17% and 50% with an increase in DIZ concentration from 5 to 15 mgL-1. Additionally, when the DIZ concentration increase from 5 to 15 mg L-1, robs increased in the conventional and PCBR reactors respectively about 4.9 and 6 times. Figure-of-merit EEo changed from 12.66-17.41 to 7.26-10.15 kWhm3 for the conventional reactor, and 8.66-13.61 to 5.24-8.12 kWhm3 in PCBR, when the DIZ concentration increasing from 5 to 15 mg L-1. Consequently, in the PCBR reactor, the energy consumption reduced by 14% at 5 mg L-1 DIZ concentration and by 60% at 15 mg L-1 DIZ concentration. Also, total cost of the system (TCS) decreases from 4.52 to 1.46 $ in conventional reactor and 1.47 to 0.42 $ in PCBR reactor when the DIZ concentration increase from 5 to 15 mg L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Azarpira
- Environmental Health Engineering Department, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran.
| | - Tayebeh Rasolevandi
- Environmental Health Engineering Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Mahvi
- School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Center for Solid Waste Research (CSWR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Karimy
- School of Nursing and Midwifery Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
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Belingheri M, Chiu YHM, Renzetti S, Bhasin D, Wen C, Placidi D, Oppini M, Covolo L, Padovani A, Lucchini RG. Relationships of Nutritional Factors and Agrochemical Exposure with Parkinson's Disease in the Province of Brescia, Italy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:3309. [PMID: 35328997 PMCID: PMC8954923 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Environmental exposures to agrochemicals and nutritional factors may be associated with Parkinson's Disease (PD). None of the studies to date has examined the combined effects of diet and agricultural chemical exposure together. To address these research gaps, we aimed to assess the association of nutritional factors and agrochemical exposure with the risk of PD. A hospital-based case-control study was conducted. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to estimate the association of nutritional and agrochemical exposures with PD, adjusting for gender, age, socio-economic status, head injury, family history, smoking, metals exposure, and α-synuclein gene polymorphism. Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression was applied to examine the effect of dietary components as a mixture. We recruited 347 cases and 389 controls. Parent history of PD (OR = 4.15, 95%CI: 2.10, 8.20), metals exposure (OR = 2.50, 95%CI: 1.61-3.89), SNCA rs356219 polymorphism (OR = 1.39, 95%CI: 1.04-1.87 for TC vs. TT; OR = 2.17, 95%CI: 1.43-3.28 for CC vs. TT), agrochemical exposures (OR = 2.11, 95%CI: 1.41-3.16), and being born in the Brescia province (OR = 1.83, 95%CI: 1.17-2.90) were significantly associated with PD. Conversely, fish intake and coffee consumption had a protective effect. The study confirmed the role of environmental exposures in the genesis of PD. Fish intake and coffee consumption are protective factors even when agricultural chemical exposures exist. Genetic factors and metals exposure were confirmed as risk factors for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Belingheri
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20090 Monza, Italy
| | - Yueh-Hsiu Mathilda Chiu
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (Y.-H.M.C.); (C.W.)
| | - Stefano Renzetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.R.); (D.P.); (M.O.); (L.C.); (R.G.L.)
| | - Deepika Bhasin
- Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Chi Wen
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (Y.-H.M.C.); (C.W.)
| | - Donatella Placidi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.R.); (D.P.); (M.O.); (L.C.); (R.G.L.)
| | - Manuela Oppini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.R.); (D.P.); (M.O.); (L.C.); (R.G.L.)
| | - Loredana Covolo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.R.); (D.P.); (M.O.); (L.C.); (R.G.L.)
| | - Alessandro Padovani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Roberto G. Lucchini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.R.); (D.P.); (M.O.); (L.C.); (R.G.L.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 11200, USA
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7
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Does paraquat cause Parkinson's disease? A review of reviews. Neurotoxicology 2021; 86:180-184. [PMID: 34400206 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
To examine the extent to which a consensus exists in the scientific community regarding the relationship between exposure to paraquat and Parkinson's disease, a critical review of reviews was undertaken focusing on reviews published between 2006 and the present that offered opinions on the issue of causation. Systematic searches were undertaken of scientific databases along with searches of published bibliographies to identify English language reviews on the topic of paraquat and Parkinson's disease including those on the broader topic of environmental and occupational risk factors for Parkinson's disease. Of the 269 publications identified in the searches, there were twelve reviews, some with meta-analyses, that met the inclusion criteria. Information on methods used by the reviewers, if any, and source of funding was collected; the quality of the reviews was considered. No author of any published review stated that it has been established that exposure to paraquat causes Parkinson's disease, regardless of methods used and independent of funding source. A consensus exists in the scientific community that the available evidence does not warrant a claim that paraquat causes Parkinson's disease. Future research on this topic should focus on improving the quality of epidemiological studies including better exposure measures and identifying specific mechanisms of action. Future reviews of emerging evidence should be structured as systematic narrative reviews with meta-analysis if appropriate.
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Cacabelos R, Carrera I, Martínez O, Alejo R, Fernández-Novoa L, Cacabelos P, Corzo L, Rodríguez S, Alcaraz M, Nebril L, Tellado I, Cacabelos N, Pego R, Naidoo V, Carril JC. Atremorine in Parkinson's disease: From dopaminergic neuroprotection to pharmacogenomics. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:2841-2886. [PMID: 34106485 DOI: 10.1002/med.21838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Atremorine is a novel bioproduct obtained by nondenaturing biotechnological processes from a genetic species of Vicia faba. Atremorine is a potent dopamine (DA) enhancer with powerful effects on the neuronal dopaminergic system, acting as a neuroprotective agent in Parkinson's disease (PD). Over 97% of PD patients respond to a single dose of Atremorine (5 g, p.o.) 1 h after administration. This response is gender-, time-, dose-, and genotype-dependent, with optimal doses ranging from 5 to 20 g/day, depending upon disease severity and concomitant medication. Drug-free patients show an increase in DA levels from 12.14 ± 0.34 pg/ml to 6463.21 ± 1306.90 pg/ml; and patients chronically treated with anti-PD drugs show an increase in DA levels from 1321.53 ± 389.94 pg/ml to 16,028.54 ± 4783.98 pg/ml, indicating that Atremorine potentiates the dopaminergic effects of conventional anti-PD drugs. Atremorine also influences the levels of other neurotransmitters (adrenaline, noradrenaline) and hormones which are regulated by DA (e.g., prolactin, PRL), with no effect on serotonin or histamine. The variability in Atremorine-induced DA response is highly attributable to pharmacogenetic factors. Polymorphic variants in pathogenic (SNCA, NUCKS1, ITGA8, GPNMB, GCH1, BCKDK, APOE, LRRK2, ACMSD), mechanistic (DRD2), metabolic (CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP3A4/5, NAT2), transporter (ABCB1, SLC6A2, SLC6A3, SLC6A4) and pleiotropic genes (APOE) influence the DA response to Atremorine and its psychomotor and brain effects. Atremorine enhances DNA methylation and displays epigenetic activity via modulation of the pharmacoepigenetic network. Atremorine is a novel neuroprotective agent for dopaminergic neurons with potential prophylactic and therapeutic activity in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Cacabelos
- Department of Genomic Medicine, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | - Iván Carrera
- Department of Health Biotechnology, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | - Olaia Martínez
- Department of Medical Epigenetics, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | | | | | - Pablo Cacabelos
- Department of Digital Diagnosis, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | - Lola Corzo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | - Susana Rodríguez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | - Margarita Alcaraz
- Department of Genomic Medicine, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | - Laura Nebril
- Department of Genomic Medicine, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | - Iván Tellado
- Department of Digital Diagnosis, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | - Natalia Cacabelos
- Department of Medical Documentation, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | - Rocío Pego
- Department of Neuropsychology, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | - Vinogran Naidoo
- Department of Neuroscience, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | - Juan C Carril
- Department of Genomics & Pharmacogenomics, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
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Alam S, Borthakur A, Ravi S, Gebremichael M, Mohanty SK. Managed aquifer recharge implementation criteria to achieve water sustainability. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 768:144992. [PMID: 33736333 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.144992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Depletion of groundwater is accelerated due to an increase in water demand for applications in urbanized areas, agriculture sectors, and energy extraction, and dwindling surface water during changing climate. Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is one of the several methods that can help achieve long-term water sustainability by increasing the natural recharge of groundwater reservoirs with water from non-traditional supplies such as excess surface water, stormwater, and treated wastewater. Despite the multiple benefits of MAR, the wide-scale implementation of MAR is lacking, partly because of challenges to select the location for MAR implementation and identify the MAR type based on site conditions and needs. In this review, we provide an overview of MAR types with a basic framework to select and implement specific MAR at a site based on water availability and quality, land use, source type, soil, and aquifer properties. Our analysis of 1127 MAR projects shows that MAR has been predominantly implemented in sites with sandy clay loam soil (soil group C) and with access to river water for recharge. Spatial analysis reveals that many regions with depleting water storage have opportunities to implement MAR projects. Analyzing data from 34 studies where stormwater was used for recharge, we show that MAR can remove dissolved organic carbon, most metals, E. coli but not efficient at removing most trace organics, and enterococci. Removal efficiency depends on the type of MAR. In the end, we highlight potential challenges for implementing MAR at a site and additional benefits such as minimizing land subsidence, flood risk, augmenting low dry-season flow, and minimizing salt-water intrusion. These results could help identify locations in the water-stressed regions to implement specific MAR for water sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarfaraz Alam
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Annesh Borthakur
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Sujith Ravi
- Earth and Environmental Science, Temple University, PA, USA
| | | | - Sanjay K Mohanty
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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10
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Letters to the Editor. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 258:454. [PMID: 33620237 DOI: 10.2460/javma.258.5.454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Cheng J, Duan Y, Zhang F, Shi J, Li H, Wang F, Li H. The Role of lncRNA TUG1 in the Parkinson Disease and Its Effect on Microglial Inflammatory Response. Neuromolecular Med 2020; 23:327-334. [PMID: 33085068 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-020-08626-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease in the middle-aged and elderly populations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical value of lncRNA TUG1 in PD and its effect on the microglial inflammatory response. A total of 181 subjects were recruited for the study, including 97 patients with PD (male/female 50/47) and 84 healthy individuals (male/female 41/43). There was no significant difference for gender and age distribution between the groups. The expression of serum TUG1 was determined by qRT-PCR. The receiver operating curve (ROC) was applied for diagnostic value analysis. CCK-8 was used to detect the effect of TUG1 on the proliferation of BV2 cells. The motor coordination ability of mice was tested by the rotarod and pole tests. ELISA was used to detect serum pro-inflammatory factors. TUG1 was highly expressed in the serum of PD patients. Serum TUG1 can distinguish PD patients to form healthy controls with the AUC of 0.902. Serum TUG1 was positively correlated with the levels of UPDRS, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in PD patients. Cell experiment results showed that the downregulation of TUG1 significantly inhibited cell proliferation and the release of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. Besides, animal experiments suggested that the downregulation of TUG1 significantly improved the motor coordination ability of the PD mice and inhibited the expression of inflammatory factors. lncRNA TUG1 is a latent biomarker of PD patients. TUG1 downregulation may inhibit the inflammatory response in the progression of PD. These findings provide a possible target for the early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Cheng
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, NO.804 Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Yangyang Duan
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Fengting Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Jin Shi
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Computer Science, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, NO.804 Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.
| | - Haining Li
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, NO.804 Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.
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