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Mensinger JL, Weissinger GM, Cantrell MA, Baskin R, George C. A Pilot Feasibility Evaluation of a Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback App to Improve Self-Care in COVID-19 Healthcare Workers. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2024; 49:241-259. [PMID: 38502516 PMCID: PMC11101559 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-024-09621-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19 exacerbated burnout and mental health concerns among the healthcare workforce. Due to high work stress, demanding schedules made attuned eating behaviors a particularly challenging aspect of self-care for healthcare workers. This study aimed to examine the feasibility and acceptability of a heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB) mobile app for improving well-being among healthcare workers reporting elevated disordered eating during COVID-19. We conducted a mixed methods pre-mid-post single-arm pilot feasibility trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04921228). Deductive content analysis of participants' commentary generated qualitative themes. Linear mixed models were used to examine changes in pre- mid- to post-assessment scores on well-being outcomes. We consented 28 healthcare workers (25/89% female; 23/82% Non-Hispanic White; 22/79% nurses) to use and evaluate an HRVB mobile app. Of these, 25/89% fully enrolled by attending the app and device training; 23/82% were engaged in all elements of the protocol. Thirteen (52%) completed at least 10 min of HRVB on two-thirds or more study days. Most participants (18/75%) reported being likely or extremely likely to continue HRVB. Common barriers to engagement were busy schedules, fatigue, and technology difficulties. However, participants felt that HRVB helped them relax and connect better to their body's signals and experiences. Results suggested preliminary evidence of efficacy for improving interoceptive sensibility, mindful self-care, body appreciation, intuitive eating, stress, resilience, and disordered eating. HRVB has potential as a low-cost adjunct tool for enhancing well-being in healthcare workers through positively connecting to the body, especially during times of increased stress when attuned eating behavior becomes difficult to uphold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janell L Mensinger
- Department of Clinical and School Psychology, College of Psychology, Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Ave, 1073 Maltz, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33314, USA.
- Fitzpatrick College of Nursing, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA.
| | - Guy M Weissinger
- Fitzpatrick College of Nursing, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA
| | - Mary Ann Cantrell
- Fitzpatrick College of Nursing, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA
| | - Rachel Baskin
- Fitzpatrick College of Nursing, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA
| | - Cerena George
- Fitzpatrick College of Nursing, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA
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Sarvandian S, Hosseinpour S, Hoseinynejad K, Davasaz Irani R, Pakseresht S, Rahimi Z. Mental health status in healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic: An online questionnaire study in the southwest Iran. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298058. [PMID: 38669302 PMCID: PMC11051651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate Mental Health Status, such as stress, anxiety, or depression symptoms, during the Covid-19 pandemic in healthcare workers at Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences. METHODS This study is an online cross-sectional study conducted on healthcare professionals at Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science from November 25, 2020, to March 30 2021. PHQ9 and Kessler collected outcome variables of depression, anxiety, and psychological distress questionnaires. RESULTS In total, 2552 healthcare workers in 24 hospitals and 212 Comprehensive health centers were enrolled in this study. The mean age of participants was 37.94 ± 8.07 years, and 25.3% were male. There was a significant difference between the mean Kessler and PHQ9 Scale scores on males and females (P< 0.001). Also, the results showed a significant difference between depression, anxiety, and stress and working in the intensive care unit. According to the result of the Kessler scale, 27% of participants had moderate to severe. Most respondents (65.5%) in all professions had moderate to severe mental distress scores according to the Kessler scale. The logistic regression model results illustrated the relationship between depression and anxiety with gender, workplace, support from families, and collogue job satisfaction, and feeling the stress of media coverage of COVID-19 were statistically significant (P< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The present study revealed that medical and health workers suffer from mental health problems. In this study, up to one-fifth of medical staff had stress, anxiety, or depression symptoms, and more than half had psychological distress. Low educational level, lack of family support, lack of colleague's support, and being a female were the significant risk factors for stress, anxiety, and psychological distress in medical staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sarvandian
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundisapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shima Hosseinpour
- Expert in Charge of Preventing Substance and Alcohol Use, Vice Chancellor for Health, Khuzestan Health Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Khojasteh Hoseinynejad
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Reza Davasaz Irani
- Department of Mental Health, The Health Center of Khuzestan Province, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sirus Pakseresht
- Department of Psychiatry, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Zahra Rahimi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, School of Public Health, Hearing Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Eriksson M, Johannesson E, Kerekes N, Emilsson M, Pennbrant S, Nunstedt H. Development and Psychometric Test of the Salutogenic Survey on Sustainable Working Life for Nurses: Identifying Resistance Resources against Stress. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:198. [PMID: 38397688 PMCID: PMC10888578 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Extensive research shows nurses' work environment to be particularly stressful. This study develops, explores, and psychometrically tests a new profession-specific questionnaire identifying generalised and specific resistance resources, that make it possible to measure resources to manage work-related stress. An exploratory study design was employed. The questionnaire development was inspired by the MEASURE approach and the salutogenic theory of health. Building on the results from a literature review of nursing research and salutogenesis, supplemented by twelve interviews with hospital nurses, an item pool was generated. The first version was pilot-tested in a group of nurses who were studying to become specialist nurses. The second version of the questionnaire was psychometrically tested on a sample of registered nurses in close patient care (n = 475), analysed using confirmatory factor analysis to test seven predefined domains of the questionnaire. The analysis revealed a first order seven-domain model of 21 items: job satisfaction, professional role, work motivation, commitment, belonging in the workplace, factors and conditions for remaining in the profession, and workload. The structure of the questionnaire indicates its usefulness in clinical practice for measuring resistance resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Eriksson
- Department of Health Sciences, University West, SE-46186 Trollhättan, Sweden; (M.E.); (N.K.); (M.E.); (S.P.)
| | - Elias Johannesson
- Department of Social and Behavioural Studies, University West, SE-46186 Trollhättan, Sweden;
| | - Nóra Kerekes
- Department of Health Sciences, University West, SE-46186 Trollhättan, Sweden; (M.E.); (N.K.); (M.E.); (S.P.)
| | - Maria Emilsson
- Department of Health Sciences, University West, SE-46186 Trollhättan, Sweden; (M.E.); (N.K.); (M.E.); (S.P.)
- Department of Social and Behavioural Studies, University West, SE-46186 Trollhättan, Sweden;
- Region Västra Götaland, Intensive Care Unit, NU Hospital Group, SE-46173 Trollhättan, Sweden
| | - Sandra Pennbrant
- Department of Health Sciences, University West, SE-46186 Trollhättan, Sweden; (M.E.); (N.K.); (M.E.); (S.P.)
| | - Håkan Nunstedt
- Department of Health Sciences, University West, SE-46186 Trollhättan, Sweden; (M.E.); (N.K.); (M.E.); (S.P.)
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Carnesten H, von Heideken Wågert P, Gustin LW, Toivanen S, Skoglund K, Jaarsma T, Andreae C. Struggling in the dehumanized world of COVID-An exploratory mixed-methods study of frontline healthcare workers' experiences. J Adv Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38305070 DOI: 10.1111/jan.16083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
AIM To explore healthcare workers' experiences of the changed caring reality during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden. DESIGN An online fully mixed-methods design. METHODS A web-based self-reported questionnaire with fixed and open-ended answers collected data from March to April 2021, analysed in three steps. First, free-text questions were analysed by qualitative content analysis. Then quantitative linear regression analyses using models covering stress and coping mechanisms were conducted. Finally, a meta-inference of qualitative and quantitative data emerged a new comprehensive understanding. The COREQ guidelines were used for reporting. RESULTS Meta-inferenced results of quantitative and qualitative findings show the pandemic was a traumatic experience for healthcare workers. Main theme; When work became a frightening experience in a dehumanized reality, comprised four themes: Entering unprepared into a frightful, incomprehensible world; Sacrificing moral values and harbouring dilemmas in isolation; Lack of clear management; and Reorient in togetherness and find meaning in a changed reality. Qualitative results comprised four categories; Working in a dehumanized world; Living in betrayal of ones' own conscience; Lack of structure in a chaotic time and Regaining vitality together. Subdimensions comprehensibility and meaningfulness were associated significantly with post-traumatic stress disorder in multiple regression analysis. In multiple regression analysis, sense of coherence was the most prominent coping strategy. CONCLUSIONS Forcing oneself to perform beyond one's limit, sacrificing moral values and lacking management was a traumatic experience to healthcare workers during the pandemic. Reorienting as a way of coping was possible in togetherness with colleagues. There is an urgency of interventions to meet the needs among healthcare workers who took on a frontline role during the COVID-19 pandemic and to prevent mental health illness in future crisis. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION No patient or public contribution. SUMMARY The pandemic outbreak exposed frontline healthcare workers to unparallelled stress shown as negative for their mental health in several meta-analyses and systematic reviews. In-depth understanding on experiences and how symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder relate to coping mechanisms have been scarcely explored. This study contributes to understanding on healthcare workers' experiences and the relation between lower sense of coherence and increased risk of developing symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE/POLICY This study might guide how to prepare for resilience in future emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillewi Carnesten
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Eskilstuna/Västerås, Sweden
| | | | - Lena Wiklund Gustin
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Eskilstuna/Västerås, Sweden
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT/The Arctic University of Norway, Narvik, Norway
| | - Susanna Toivanen
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Eskilstuna/Västerås, Sweden
| | - Karin Skoglund
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Eskilstuna/Västerås, Sweden
| | - Tiny Jaarsma
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Julius Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Christina Andreae
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Eskilstuna/Västerås, Sweden
- Centre for Clinical Research Sörmland, Uppsala University, Eskilstuna, Sweden
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Uzdıl N, Bayrak M, Özgüç S, Başkaya E. The mediating effect of work-family life balance on the relationship between the sense of coherence and job satisfaction in nurses. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2023; 46:33-39. [PMID: 37813501 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the mediating effect of work-family life balance on the relationship between the sense of coherence and job satisfaction in nurses. The nursing profession is the most likely to be exposed to various stressors and therefore stress in terms of the working environment and conditions, and the responsibilities it undertakes. Therefore, the work-family life balance of nurses may deteriorate. The study was carried out with a descriptive-relational design. The population of the study consisted of 300 nurses who met the criteria for inclusion in the study. The data were obtained by the researchers using the personal information form, the Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC), Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) and Work-Family Life Balance Scale (WFLBS). SOC mean score was 52.9 ± 10.7, MSQ mean score was 2.86 ± 0.79, and WFLBS mean score was 3.32 ± 0.66. The mediating role of WFLBS was found to be moderate. Furthermore, 12 % of nurses' WFLBS scores are explained by MSQ. Besides, 14 % of SOC scores are explained by MSQ and WFLBS. As a result of this study, it was determined that the WFLBS among nurses moderately mediated the relationship between the SOC and MSQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurcan Uzdıl
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Mental Health and Disease Nursing, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Melike Bayrak
- Gaziantep University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health Nursing, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Safiye Özgüç
- Gaziantep University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Ebru Başkaya
- Uşak University, Department of Nursing Sciences, Vocational School of Health Services, Uşak, Turkey
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PIAZZA MARIAFRANCESCA, MUNARIN LUDOVICA, ASHONG DUKE, BELLANTONIO GIULIA, VARNIER ARIANNA, SANNA FRANCESCA, MUZZIN MICHELA, RUSSO CARMELA. Sense of Coherence (SOC) of Italian healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: analysis of associated factors. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2023; 64:E161-E171. [PMID: 37654853 PMCID: PMC10468180 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2023.64.2.2995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has posed significant challenges for healthcare workers worldwide, potentially affecting their sense of coherence (SOC) and overall well-being. This study aimed to identify factors associated with different levels of SOC among healthcare workers, exploring demographic characteristics, work-related factors, changes in relationships and social habits, and the overall well-being. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 628 healthcare workers. SOC scores were assessed using a standardized questionnaire. Statistical analyses were performed to identify associations between these factors and SOC. Results Healthcare workers had a lower average SOC score (mean: 57.1) compared to the national average in Italy (mean: 60.3). Younger age and shorter length of service were associated with a higher risk of low SOC (p < 0.0001). Healthcare workers in the northwestern regions of Italy had an increased risk of low SOC compared to their counterparts in the northeastern regions (p = 0.0336). Adverse pandemic-related experiences and worsening social relationships were also associated with a higher risk of low SOC (p < 0.0001). Conclusions This study highlights the unique challenges and stressors faced by healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic and their impact on SOC. Age, length of service, geographic location, and social status were significant factors influencing SOC levels. Targeted interventions are needed to enhance SOC and well-being, particularly for younger and newly employed healthcare workers. Strategies promoting social connections, work-life balance, and psychological support services are crucial to support healthcare workers' resilience and coping abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - DUKE ASHONG
- Local Health Unit n. 5 Polesana, Rovigo, Italy
| | | | - ARIANNA VARNIER
- Local Health Unit Friuli-Occidentale (ASFO), Pordenone, Italy
| | - FRANCESCA SANNA
- Geospatial Health and Development, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
| | - MICHELA MUZZIN
- Local Health Unit Friuli-Occidentale (ASFO), Pordenone, Italy
| | - CARMELA RUSSO
- Local Health Unit n. 2 Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy
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Smrekar M, Zaletel-Kragelj L, Ledinski Fičko S, Čukljek S, Kurtović B, Hošnjak AM, Franko A. Strength of Sense of Coherence among Nurses and the Relationship between Socio-Demographic and Work-Related Factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20105786. [PMID: 37239515 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20105786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Sense of coherence (SOC) occupies the central place within the salutogenic model. It is an important contributor to the development and maintenance of people's health. This study aimed to assess the strength of sense of coherence (SOC) among nurses and the relationship between the strength of SOC and socio-demographic and work-related factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018. Linear regression was used to describe strength of association between SOC and socio-demographic and work-related factors. A total of 713/1300 nurses completed an SOC-29-item questionnaire for the assessment of SOC. The mean value for total SOC score (SOCS) was 145.0 points (SD 22.1, range 81-200). The results of the multivariate linear regression revealed statistically significant positive associations between SOCS and age (>40 years), level of education (master of nursing and bachelor of nursing), and transportation mode by car. Our study suggested SOC as an important and influential health-promoting personal resource of nurses which might offer protection regarding work-related stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Smrekar
- Department of Nursing, University of Applied Health Sciences Zagreb, Mlinarska Cesta 38, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lijana Zaletel-Kragelj
- Chair of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloska 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sanja Ledinski Fičko
- Department of Nursing, University of Applied Health Sciences Zagreb, Mlinarska Cesta 38, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Snježana Čukljek
- Department of Nursing, University of Applied Health Sciences Zagreb, Mlinarska Cesta 38, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Biljana Kurtović
- Department of Nursing, University of Applied Health Sciences Zagreb, Mlinarska Cesta 38, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Marija Hošnjak
- Department of Nursing, University of Applied Health Sciences Zagreb, Mlinarska Cesta 38, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alenka Franko
- Chair of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloska 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Clinical Institute of Occupational Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Grabloviceva 42, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Bahun M, Jeriček Klanšček H. Doživljanje neizvedene zdravstvene nege pri medicinskih sestrah. OBZORNIK ZDRAVSTVENE NEGE 2023. [DOI: 10.14528/snr.2023.57.1.3173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Uvod: Stiske zaradi zdravstvene nege, ki ostaja zaradi različnih razlogov neizvedena, so pri medicinskih sestrah pogosto spregledane in neprepoznane. Namen integrativnega pregleda literature je pregledati najnovejše raziskave, ki opisujejo, kako se neizvedena zdravstvena nega izraža na duševnem počutju medicinskih sester.Metode: Uporabili smo integrativni pregled literature, izveden v skladu s PRISMA smernicami v podatkovnih bazah PubMed, CINAHL, Wiley, COBISS.SI in Google Učenjak. Potek iskanja in analize literature je prikazan s pomočjo PRISMA diagrama. Zadetke smo razvrstili glede na raven dokazov. Uporabili smo tematsko analizo vsebine.Rezultati: Skupaj je bilo identificiranih 175 in v končno analizo vključenih 11 virov. Identificirano je bilo 96 kod združenih v 4 kategorije: (1) Telesno, duševno in čustveno počutje, (2) Moralno etične dileme, (3) Sprejemanje odločitev pri delu – prilagajanje, (4) Poklicne in osebne vrednote.Diskusija in zaključek: Neizvedena zdravstvena nega je za medicinske sestre pomemben izvor stisk in stresa, saj zaradi neizvajanja vseh potrebnih aktivnosti v zdravstveni negi prihajajo v neskladje s svojimi osebnimi in poklicnimi vrednotami. Naši rezultati dodajajo vsebinski kontekst in boljše razumevanje posledic neizvedene zdravstvene nege pri medicinskih sestrah. Vsakodnevno odločanje, katere aktivnosti bo potrebno izpustiti, vpliva ne samo na slabše počutje, nezadovoljstvo in izgorelost, ampak celo na zapuščanje delovnih mest in poklica.
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Matsuo M, Takayama Y, Kinouchi C, Suzuki E. The Mediating Role of Sense of Coherence and Striving for Work-Life Balance on Intention to Leave From Nurses' Burnout. INQUIRY : A JOURNAL OF MEDICAL CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION AND FINANCING 2023; 60:469580221146839. [PMID: 36704990 PMCID: PMC9903031 DOI: 10.1177/00469580221146839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
High turnover and understaffing are significant issues plaguing the healthcare system. Some of the leading reasons of turnover include child-bearing and -rearing, stress related to working, and health concerns. With the onset of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, this problem of turnover worsened due to increased risk of infection and escalating workload. This study aimed to clarify and validate the effect of burnout on intention to leave among full-time nursing professionals and the structural relationship with sense of coherence (SOC) and striving for work-life balance (S-WLB). Secondary analyses of data obtained from a previous study was carried out; a hypothesized model was tested for goodness of fit and a final model was developed. Burnout directly affected intention to leave (P < .001). It also affected intention to leave through SOC and S-WLB (P < .01); SOC lessened the effect of burnout on S-WLB, therefore reducing its impact on intention to leave. Effective strategies need to be developed to improve the SOC and WLB of nurses to alleviate the effects of burnout and thus reduce the likelihood of turnover. Improving their ability to grasp and deal with emergencies and ambiguous situations, as well as providing emotional and tangible support can be other ways to retain nursing professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Matsuo
- Tokyo Healthcare University, Tokyo, Japan,Maki Matsuo, Tokyo Healthcare University, 4-1-17, Higashigotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-8648, Japan.
| | - Yuko Takayama
- International University of Health and Welfare, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Chiaki Kinouchi
- Chiba Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Eiko Suzuki
- International University of Health and Welfare Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan
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Mrayyan MT, Algunmeeyn A, Abunab HY, Kutah OA, Alfayoumi I, Khait AA. Attributes, skills and actions of clinical leadership in nursing as reported by hospital nurses: a cross-sectional study. BMJ LEADER 2023:leader-2022-000672. [PMID: 37192110 DOI: 10.1136/leader-2022-000672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundResearch shows a significant growth in clinical leadership from a nursing perspective; however, clinical leadership is still misunderstood in all clinical environments. Until now, clinical leaders were rarely seen in hospitals’ top management and leadership roles.PurposeThis study surveyed the attributes and skills of clinical nursing leadership and the actions that effective clinical nursing leaders can do.MethodsIn 2020, a cross-sectional design was used in the current study using an online survey, with a non-random purposive sample of 296 registered nurses from teaching, public and private hospitals and areas of work in Jordan, yielding a 66% response rate. Data were analysed using descriptive analysis of frequency and central tendency measures, and comparisons were performed using independent t-tests.ResultsThe sample consists mostly of junior nurses. The ‘most common’ attributes associated with clinical nursing leadership were effective communication, clinical competence, approachability, role model and support. The ‘least common’ attribute associated with clinical nursing leadership was ‘controlling’. The top-rated skills of clinical leaders were having a strong moral character, knowing right and wrong and acting appropriately. Leading change and service improvement were clinical leaders’ top-rated actions. An independent t-test on key variables revealed substantial differences between male and female nurses regarding the actions and skills of effective clinical nursing leadership.ConclusionsThe current study looked at clinical leadership in Jordan’s healthcare system, focusing on the role of gender in clinical nursing leadership. The findings advocate for clinical leadership by nurses as an essential element of value-based practice, and they influence innovation and change. As clinical leaders in various hospitals and healthcare settings, more empirical work is needed to build on clinical nursing in general and the attributes, skills and actions of clinical nursing leadership of nursing leaders and nurses.
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Hult M, Välimäki T. Care workers' positive health during the COVID-19 pandemic: Psychometric properties of the finnish version of the salutogenic health indicator scale and an 18-month follow-up. Work 2022; 74:1289-1298. [PMID: 36565092 DOI: 10.3233/wor-220383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need to shift from biomedical and pathogenic approaches to salutogenic approach. OBJECTIVE To validate the Finnish version of the SHIS by testing its psychometric properties in care workers and to assess the SHIS score over time. METHODS We first conducted a survey in 2020 (T1) and tested the psychometric properties of SHIS among care workers. We repeated the survey in spring 2022 (T2) among the same subjects. We analyzed the changes in SHIS, self-rated health (SRH), work ability (WAS), sickness absence and occupational calling between T1 and T2. Thereafter, we compared changes between health care sectors' and the other sectors' care workers. RESULTS The results showed an increase in positive health measured with the SHIS and the occupational calling, a decrease in the SRH, and an increase in the number of sickness-related absences among all the care workers between T1 and T2. There was no change in their WAS. The health care workers had a lower SHIS than the other sectors' care workers in both T1 and T2, but the increase in their SHIS was parallel to that of the other workers. CONCLUSION SHIS is a useful and reliable measure of positive health and can be used in studies when determining subjective health instead of, or in addition to, diagnoses. It was able to detect the health changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. SHIS is capable of capturing the underlying salutogenic approach of health promotive resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marja Hult
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tarja Välimäki
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Nurses' perceptions of night shifts: A qualitative study. Int Emerg Nurs 2022; 64:101202. [PMID: 36108494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ienj.2022.101202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM To describe the experiences and perceptions of emergency nurses regarding the shortening of night shifts and identify aspects of nurses' preferences for night shifts. BACKGROUND Shift work can be associated with distinct physical and psychological disadvantages for nurses, especially night nurses. Knowledge regarding the factors influencing their perceptions of night shifts is limited. METHODS A qualitative description design. Fifteen nurses from the emergency setting with 6 to 14 years of work experience participated in interviews. Semistructured interviews were conducted between November 2018 and March 2019. A thematic analysis was performed for the data analysis. FINDINGS The following three themes emerged: (1) maintaining quality within quantity, (2) maintaining comfort within busyness, and (3) buffering the gap between ideal and reality. CONCLUSIONS Considering work intensity and patient safety, nurses believe that an 8 h night shift is the most suitable length for the emergency department. Long shifts are probably more suitable for other departments with lower night workloads.
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Self-Care and Sense of Coherence: A Salutogenic Model for Health and Care in Nursing Education. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159482. [PMID: 35954838 PMCID: PMC9368734 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: Effective advocacy on self-care and the enhancement of a sense of coherence among nurses don’t only benefit control over one’s health and personal performance, but it may have a direct impact on clinical care and on the entire healing system. In this regard, nursing curricula grounded on a salutogenic model of health (SMH) operate with strategies to engage students in self-care and contribute to improving their mental health and wellbeing. The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between self-care agency and a sense of coherence as dependent variables and the age and self-reported academic performance as independent variables in nursing assistant students. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, data were collected from a full sample of 921 Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA) Spanish students. A self-administered questionnaire, including sociodemographic variables, the ‘appraisal of self-care agency’ (ASA), and the ‘sense of coherence’ (SOC) constructs, was administered. Results: Results: Older participants presented significantly stronger values of both constructs. Apart from a significant and positive correlation between ASAS and SOC, ANOVA analyses indicate signif-icant differences in terms of academic performance according to different ASAS and SOC de-grees. Conclusion: The findings of this study endorse the assumption that there is a consistent relationship between ASA and SOC constructs that might, indeed, have a potential effect on stu-dents’ academic performance. In practical terms, it seems relevant to try to recognise the stu-dents’ self-care agency and the sense of coherence as forceful predictive variables of mental health and wellbeing, in addition to academic success as a strength implied in the future career achievement.
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Wu X, Lu Y, Zhang Q, Wang H, Sun X, Han H, Ye Z. Stress/Resource Complex, Sense of Coherence and Professional Identity Among Nursing Students: A Latent Profile and Mediation Analysis. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:2409-2420. [PMID: 36065461 PMCID: PMC9440726 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s378088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Sense of coherence is significant to mental health and professional development in nursing students. However, the association among stress/resource complex, sense of coherence, and professional identity is less explored in nursing students. This study was designed to identify latent subtypes of stress/resource complex and to evaluate the mediating role of sense of coherence between stress/resource complex types and professional identity in nursing students. Participants and Methods A total of 595 nursing students were recruited from Be Resilient to Nursing Career (BRNC) between October and December 2021 and administered with 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, General Self-efficacy Scale, 10-item Chinese Perceived Stress Scale, 13-item Sense of Coherence Scale, and Professional Identity Questionnaire for Undergraduate Students. Latent profile analysis and mediation analysis were performed. Results Three latent subtypes of stress/resource complex were identified: Flexibility (14.8%), Ordinary (44.2%), and Maladjustment (41.0%). Nursing students with role model were prone to Ordinary (OR = 1.48, 95% CI 1.03–2.13, p = 0.035) and Flexibility (OR = 1.92, 95% CI 1.17–3.16, p = 0.011). The association between stress/resource complex types and professional identity was mediated by sense of coherence (P < 0.05). Conclusion There exists heterogeneity in nursing students’ stress/resource complex. The association between stress/resource complex subtypes and professional identity was mediated by sense of coherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Wu
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingzi Lu
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qishan Zhang
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiyuan Wang
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Han
- School of Marine Finance and Economics, Qingdao Engineering Vocational College, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zengjie Ye
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zengjie Ye, School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, People’s Republic of China, Tel +15914411786, Email
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Climate Change Related Depression, Anxiety and Stress Symptoms Perceived by Medical Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159142. [PMID: 35897512 PMCID: PMC9332784 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Climate change has drastic consequences on human physical and mental health. However, research on the psychological effects of climate change awareness is still inconclusive. To examine the mental burden posed by climate change awareness and potential resilience factors, n = 203 medical students were surveyed about their awareness of the implications of climate change. Furthermore, well-established mental health questionnaires (PHQ-9, GAD-7, PTSS-10, PSQ-20) were presented twice, in their original form and in a modified version to specifically ask about the respective psychological burden regarding climate change. For identification of potential resilience factors, measures for attachment style (RQ), structural abilities (OPD-SF), and sense of coherence (SOC-13) were used. The results of our study suggest that medical students in Germany have an increased risk to suffer from mental health problems and predominantly experience significant perceived stress in regard to climate change. However, the reported stress does not yet translate into depressive, anxious, or traumatic symptoms. Climate-related perceived stress correlates negatively with potential resilience factors preventing the development of mental disorders such as attachment style, structural abilities, and sense of coherence.
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Ogata Y, Sato K, Sasaki M, Fujinami K, Taisuke T. Association between nursing practice environment and sense of coherence among staff nurses: A cross-sectional study in Japan. J Nurs Manag 2022; 30:3149-3159. [PMID: 35781366 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the association between work environment and sense of coherence among staff nurses. BACKGROUND In Antonovsky's salutogenetic theory, factors that causes stress aren't always harmful when people's sense of coherence is high. Although the effects of sense of coherence have repeatedly been confirmed, few studies have examined factors that increase sense of coherence. METHODS We used cross-sectional data (N=6,172) surveyed in 2017 from a 2-year longitudinal study in 2016 and 2017. Multiple group structural equation modeling was conducted for years of nurse experience of different groups. RESULTS Work environment subscale scores for nurses with less than five years of experience ranged from 2.3 to 2.9, and for those with more than five years, from 2.1 to 2.7. The averages of sense of coherence for the groups were 36.9 and 39.7, respectively. For both groups, there was a statistically significant association between work environment and sense of coherence. CONCLUSIONS Improvement of nurses' work environment may increase sense of coherence, leading to improvements in health. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT The study suggest that nurse managers should improve the work environment to increase sense of coherence of staff nurses, leading to improved health for any length of a nurse's experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Ogata
- Nursing Innovation Science, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kana Sato
- Nursing Innovation Science, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miki Sasaki
- Nursing Innovation Science, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Fujinami
- Nursing Innovation Science, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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Impact of sense of coherence on work ability: A cross-sectional study among Croatian nurses. Zdr Varst 2022; 61:163-170. [PMID: 35855376 PMCID: PMC9245499 DOI: 10.2478/sjph-2022-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Aimed at preparing the basis for planning evidence-based public health measures for preservation/ improvement of nurses’ work ability (WA), the objective was to assess the relationship between WA and sense of coherence (SOC). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 among 713 nurses in Croatia. The association between poor WA index (PWAI) and SOC score (SOCS), adjusted for possible confounders, was determined by binary logistic regression analysis. Results The results of univariate logistic regression analysis showed a statistically significant negative association between SOCS and PWAI (OR=0.977, 95% CI 0.968 – 0.986, p<0.001). The results of multivariate logistic analysis showed an even stronger statistically significant negative association between SOCS and PWAI (OR=0.966, 95% CI 0.954 – 0.977, p<0.001) when adjusted for confounders. Conclusions The present study suggested SOC as an important health promoting resource of nurses which might offer protection regarding work-related stress. Weak SOC could be an important explanatory factor of poor WA. Accordingly, improving SOC by implementing health promotion measures in nurses’ workplace could be an important way to increase the WA among nurses.
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Antonovsky A, Danon R, Schiff M, Shelef L. Predicting mental burnout among Israeli Home Front Command soldiers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Health Promot Int 2022; 37:daab036. [PMID: 34279594 PMCID: PMC8344459 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daab036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study examined personality, situational and organizational predictors of burnout during COVID-19 in a military setting, based on the salutogenic theory of health (Antonovsky, 1987). METHOD Questionnaires were completed by 116 reserve Israeli Home Front Command medical staff (71% males). Background variables (e.g., gender), personality variables (self-efficacy and sense of coherence - SOC), situational variables (state-anxiety, self-rated health and sense of threat) and organizational variables (satisfaction with military's and government's handling of the COVID-19 crisis) were measured as predictors of burnout. RESULTS Females had higher levels of state anxiety and burnout compared to males. Females also reported a lower level of satisfaction with the military's handling of the COVID-19 crisis than males. SOC and state anxiety were the only statistically significant predictors of burnout after controlling for sociodemographic variables. The entire model explained 59.4% of the burnout variance. CONCLUSION In accordance with salutogenic theory, SOC is associated with active adaptation through use of generalized and specific resistance resources to avoid burnout in a stressful milieu. Psychological support, psychoeducation and simulation training are offered to increase manageability in crisis situations. LIMITATIONS Following a large dropout rate due to being quarantined, the final sample size was much smaller than planned. Also, although previous longitudinal studies have found SOC to be a causal factor in burnout, the present cross-sectional design limits such conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishai Antonovsky
- Department of Health and Well-Being, Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel
| | - Roey Danon
- Department of Health and Well-Being, Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel
| | - Miriam Schiff
- Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem 91905, Israel
| | - Leah Shelef
- Department of Health and Well-Being, Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel
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Hansson J, Landstad BJ, Vinberg S, Hedlund M, Tjulin Å. Small business managers and Covid-19-The role of a sense of coherence and general resistance resources in coping with stressors. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265029. [PMID: 35302995 PMCID: PMC8932562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The response of small business managers to an external event such as the pandemic can have a profound effect on the work environment, health and well-being for themselves and their employees. Previous research on small business managers during the pandemic has mainly focused on traditional pathogenic effects, and there is a lack of studies looking at the issue from a salutogenic health promotion perspective. The aim of this study is to explore whether a sense of coherence and general resistance resources were experienced by small business managers in Sweden and Norway during the Covid-19 pandemic. METHODS A qualitative design was applied through exploratory interviews with 16 managers of small businesses in Sweden and Norway. A content analysis of the interviews was conducted using the sense of coherence concept by Aaron Antonovsky, with the three main components of comprehensibility, meaningfulness and manageability acting as a conceptual framework for the analysis process. RESULTS Within the three main sense-of-coherence categories, six general resistance resources were identified as being important for the managers to handle uncertainty during the pandemic. These were understanding rules and regulations, social support, optimism, proactivity, problem-solving and flexibility and cooperation. CONCLUSIONS The small business managers handled the pandemic in a way that worked well in their contexts, and the pandemic generally did not have a negative effect on their businesses or themselves. A salutogenic approach, through which the managers focused on identifying and using resources, was an important factor for managing stressors and adversity during the pandemic. Hence, the concept of salutogenesis may be used as an intervention to foster better health in small businesses, both at a personal and organisational level in order to handle future challenges effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Hansson
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Bodil J. Landstad
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
- Unit of Research, Education and Development, Östersund Hospital, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Stig Vinberg
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Marianne Hedlund
- Department of Social Work and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Åsa Tjulin
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
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Williams PAH, Lovelock B, Cabarrus T. A Sense of Coherence approach to improving patient experience using information infrastructure modelling. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e35418. [PMID: 35307641 PMCID: PMC9044153 DOI: 10.2196/35418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Health care provider organizations are complex and dynamic environments. Consequently, how the physical and social environment of such organizations interact with an individual is a primary driver of an individual’s experience. Increasingly, the capabilities required for them to successfully interact with those within their care are critically dependent on the information infrastructure they have in place, which enables people, both patients and staff, to work optimally together to deliver their clinical and operational objectives. Objective This study aims to design a framework to address the challenge of how to assemble information systems in health care to support an improved sense of coherence for patients, as well as potentially innovate patients’ experiences, by connecting and orchestrating the synergy among people, processes, and systems. Methods It is necessary to understand the needs of health care providers and patients to address this challenge at a level relevant to information process design and technology development. This paper describes the design science research method used to combine the sense of coherence, which is a core concept within the Antonosky salutogenic approach to health and well-being, with an established information infrastructure maturity framework, demonstrating the coalescence of 2 distinct conceptual perspectives on care delivery. This paper provides an approach to defining a positive and supportive health care experience and linking this to the capabilities of an information- and technology-enabled environment. Results This research delivers a methodology for describing the patient experience in a form relevant to information infrastructure design, articulating a pathway from information infrastructure to patient experience. It proposes that patient experience can be viewed pragmatically in terms of the established sense of coherence concept, with its ability to identify and guide resources to modulate a patient’s environmental stressors. This research establishes a framework for determining and optimizing the capability of a facility’s information infrastructure to support the sense of coherence defined by the experiences of its patients. Conclusions This groundbreaking research provides a framework for health care provider organizations to understand and assess the ability of their information infrastructure to support and improve the patient experience. The tool assists providers in defining their technology-dependent operational goals around patient experience and, consequently, in identifying the information capabilities needed to support these goals. The results demonstrate how a fundamental shift in thinking about the use of information infrastructure can transform the patient experience. This study details an approach to describing information infrastructure within an experience-oriented framework that enables the impact of technology on experience to be designed explicitly. The contribution to knowledge is a new perspective on modeling how information infrastructure can contribute to supportive health-promoting environments. Furthermore, it may significantly affect the design and deployment of future digital infrastructures in health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Anne Helen Williams
- Flinders-Cisco Digital Health Design Lab, Flinders Digital Health Research Centre, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Tonsley CampusGPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA, AU
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Alenezi S, Almadani A, Al Tuwariqi M, Alzahrani F, Alshabri M, Khoja M, Al Dakheel K, Alghalayini K, Alkadi N, Aljebreen S, Alzahrani R. Burnout, Depression, and Anxiety Levels among Healthcare Workers Serving Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:15. [PMID: 35049626 PMCID: PMC8773324 DOI: 10.3390/bs12010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Burnout in healthcare workers (HCWs) is defined as a state of emotional, physical, and mental exhaustion that results from unmanaged, excessive, and long-term workplace stressors. This study aims to assess the prevalence of burnout and the levels of anxiety and depression among HCWs who primarily work with children who have autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted utilizing the Arabic version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Areas of Worklife Survey (AWS), Patient Health Questionnaire for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), and Patient Health Questionnaire for Depression (PHQ-9). Among the 381 participants working in autism centers, the majority were young Saudi females (326) working full-time as specialists in the private sector with less than five years of experience. The HCWs' overall mean scores on the three Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) subscales: emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and personal accomplishment (PA) were 62%, 23.7%, and 76.5%, respectively. A total of 51.4% of HCWs reported moderate to high anxiety levels on GAD-7, and 47.8% showed moderate to very high levels of depression on PHQ-9. The mean perceived EE converged significantly but negatively on their overall mean perceived satisfaction with AWS (p-value < 0.001), demonstrating that greater emotional fatigue predicts less satisfaction with their work. The PA scores correlated significantly and positively with their overall mean satisfaction with their AWS score (p-value < 0.001). Considering sociodemographic variables, HCWs aged between 20-29 years have significantly lower mean PA scores than HCWs aged thirty and older (p = 0.007). Also, male HCWs perceived significantly higher work-related DP than females. More research is required to determine the nature of variables that contribute to burnout, depression, and anxiety in HCWs helping children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuliweeh Alenezi
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.T.); (F.A.); (M.A.); (M.K.); (K.A.D.); (K.A.); (N.A.); (S.A.); (R.A.)
- Department of Psychiatry, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- SABIC Psychological Health Research and Applications Chair (SPHRAC), Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Almadani
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.T.); (F.A.); (M.A.); (M.K.); (K.A.D.); (K.A.); (N.A.); (S.A.); (R.A.)
- Department of Psychiatry, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maram Al Tuwariqi
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.T.); (F.A.); (M.A.); (M.K.); (K.A.D.); (K.A.); (N.A.); (S.A.); (R.A.)
- Department of Psychiatry, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- SABIC Psychological Health Research and Applications Chair (SPHRAC), Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Alzahrani
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.T.); (F.A.); (M.A.); (M.K.); (K.A.D.); (K.A.); (N.A.); (S.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Meshari Alshabri
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.T.); (F.A.); (M.A.); (M.K.); (K.A.D.); (K.A.); (N.A.); (S.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Mohammed Khoja
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.T.); (F.A.); (M.A.); (M.K.); (K.A.D.); (K.A.); (N.A.); (S.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Khalid Al Dakheel
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.T.); (F.A.); (M.A.); (M.K.); (K.A.D.); (K.A.); (N.A.); (S.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Khalil Alghalayini
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.T.); (F.A.); (M.A.); (M.K.); (K.A.D.); (K.A.); (N.A.); (S.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Norah Alkadi
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.T.); (F.A.); (M.A.); (M.K.); (K.A.D.); (K.A.); (N.A.); (S.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Shahad Aljebreen
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.T.); (F.A.); (M.A.); (M.K.); (K.A.D.); (K.A.); (N.A.); (S.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Razan Alzahrani
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.T.); (F.A.); (M.A.); (M.K.); (K.A.D.); (K.A.); (N.A.); (S.A.); (R.A.)
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Kupcewicz E. Global Self-Esteem and Stress Intensity in a Group of Polish Nurses-A Mediatory Role of a Sense of Coherence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19020975. [PMID: 35055796 PMCID: PMC8776026 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
(1) Owing to their resistance resources, nurses can reduce the effects of stress, increase their commitment to work and improve their functioning in the face of challenges in the workplace. The aim of this study was to determine the mediatory role of a general sense of coherence and a sense of comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness correlated with global self-esteem and the perceived stress intensity in a group of Polish nurses aged 45–55 years. (2) The research using the diagnostic survey method was conducted on a group of 176 nurses (M = 49.1; SD = 3.1) working in seven hospitals located in Olsztyn (Poland). The following were used for data collection: Perceived Stress Scale - PSS-10, Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale and Antonovsky’s Sense of Coherence (SOC-29) Questionnaire. (3) According to 21.02% of the nurses, their stress level at the workplace was low, 44.89% reported it was medium and 34.09% reported it was high. The self-esteem of nearly half of the nurses included in the study (48.30%) was at a medium level, 31.82% felt it was high and 19.89% felt it was low. The mediation analysis showed that a general sense of coherence and a sense of comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness have a mediator status in a correlation between global self-esteem and stress intensity. However, their mediatory role is partial. It is desirable for safe work environment promotion programmes to reinforce nurses’ personal resources, which can be helpful in coping with stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Kupcewicz
- Department of Nursing, Collegium Medicum University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
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OUP accepted manuscript. Health Promot Int 2022:6586599. [DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daac051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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The genetic background of the associations between sense of coherence and mental health, self-esteem and personality. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:423-433. [PMID: 34009445 PMCID: PMC8602419 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02098-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sense of coherence (SOC) represents coping and can be considered an essential component of mental health. SOC correlates with mental health and personality, but the background of these associations is poorly understood. We analyzed the role of genetic factors behind the associations of SOC with mental health, self-esteem and personality using genetic twin modeling and polygenic scores (PGS). METHODS Information on SOC (13-item Orientation of Life Questionnaire), four mental health indicators, self-esteem and personality (NEO Five Factor Inventory Questionnaire) was collected from 1295 Finnish twins at 20-27 years of age. RESULTS In men and women, SOC correlated negatively with depression, alexithymia, schizotypal personality and overall mental health problems and positively with self-esteem. For personality factors, neuroticism was associated with weaker SOC and extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness with stronger SOC. All these psychological traits were influenced by genetic factors with heritability estimates ranging from 19 to 66%. Genetic and environmental factors explained these associations, but the genetic correlations were generally stronger. The PGS of major depressive disorder was associated with weaker, and the PGS of general risk tolerance with stronger SOC in men, whereas in women the PGS of subjective well-being was associated with stronger SOC and the PGSs of depression and neuroticism with weaker SOC. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that a substantial proportion of genetic variation in SOC is shared with mental health, self-esteem and personality indicators. This suggests that the correlations between these traits reflect a common neurobiological background rather than merely the influence of external stressors.
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Occurrence of Professional Burnout and Severity of Depressive Symptoms among Cardiac Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182212038. [PMID: 34831790 PMCID: PMC8624845 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182212038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nurses with depression are not only likely to suffer themselves, but it may have an impact on their coworkers and potentially the quality of care they provide. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression and its association with burnout in cardiac nurses. A group of 400 cardiac nurses (361 women and 39 men) was enrolled. The standardized tools such as Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Patient Health Questionaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used. A high level of professional burnout regarding emotional exhaustion was observed in 53.3% of nurses, high depersonalization in 52.5%, and low personal accomplishment in 72.8%. PHQ-9 and BDI were shown to correlate significantly and positively with all three MBI subscales (p < 0.05). High depressive symptoms and occupational burnout were correlated with depression (p < 0.05). In conclusion, nurses were found to have high levels of depression and professional burnout, which may have resulted in a negative impact on the quality of patient care. Identification of burnout in cardiac nurses is necessary to consider interventions to prevent stress and depression.
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Mayer CH, Wegerle C, Oosthuizen RM. Sense of Coherence in Managers during COVID-19 and the New World of Work: A Mixed-Method Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:11492. [PMID: 34770006 PMCID: PMC8583597 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
During COVID-19, the working world has changed inevitably, and many managers experience extreme strain and stress. This study determines how managers cope with the changes during COVID-19 from a positive psychology and salutogenic perspective. It employs a hermeneutical research design and an interpretivist paradigm by using a mixed-method research approach in which managers' sense of coherence (SOC) is investigated quantitatively through the 29-item Life-Orientation scale and qualitatively through semi-structured interviews. Purposeful and snowball sampling techniques are used. The sample consists of 17 managers. Data were collected in different organizations within South Africa and analysed through content analysis, linking quantitative and qualitative data in a holistic, integrated and complex way. In terms of the quantitative findings, the managers scored at the medium and higher end of the SOC-scale in comprehensibility, followed by manageability and finally meaningfulness. Male managers in the age group 47-57 scored highest. Female and younger managers scored lower on average. Lowest scores in comprehensibility and manageability were scored by a young female manager, while in meaningfulness the oldest male participant scored lowest. The qualitative findings show that high scoring SOC managers apply complex thoughts to the present and future workplace scenario. Individuals with lower SOC scores do not present as much knowledge, complex thinking and argumentation structures during the interview in comprehensibility scores as high scoring SOC managers, yet still acquire resources to manage the workplace (manageability). High meaningfulness scores are associated with creating meaningful workplace interaction (human-human and machine-human), knowledge distribution through technology, impactfulness, experiencing the job as meaningful, including helping others, and achievements. Managers have a complex view of the world and findings show the complex connections of a high/low SOC scores and the managers' explorations and systemic understanding regarding their managerial world. Conclusions and recommendations for theory and practice are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude-Hélène Mayer
- Department of Industrial Psychology and People Management, College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa;
| | - Cemonn Wegerle
- Department of Industrial Psychology and People Management, College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa;
| | - Rudolf M. Oosthuizen
- Department of Industrial and Organisational Psychology, School of Management Sciences, College of Economic and Management Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria 0003, South Africa;
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Abraham A, Chaabna K, Doraiswamy S, Bhagat S, Sheikh J, Mamtani R, Cheema S. Depression among healthcare workers in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: a systematic review and meta-analysis. HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH 2021; 19:81. [PMID: 34246282 PMCID: PMC8271293 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-021-00628-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a major population health challenge globally. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to (i) determine depression prevalence and (ii) identify the risk and protective factors of depression among healthcare workers (HCWs) in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). METHODS The protocol was registered on Open Science Framework (registration ID: https://osf.io/rdv27 ). We searched five databases (PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Al Manhal, Google Scholar) till July 22, 2020 without language restrictions. We included studies from the EMR using a depression screening or diagnostic instrument to measure the depression prevalence among HCWs. Studies were assessed and data were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis based on the Cochrane handbook. RESULTS The systematic review identified 108 studies from 12 EMR countries with varying quality. Working long hours, poor sleep quality and being female were risk factors for depression in EMR HCWs. The meta-analysis comprised 77 studies providing 122 prevalence measures across 7 EMR countries. The pooled prevalence of depression among EMR HCWs was 33.03% (95% CI = 27.40-39.19%). Emergency HCWs had markedly higher rates of depression [53.14% (95% CI = 26.63-77.99%)] compared to HCWs of other specialties. Most studies had an appropriate sample size. CONCLUSIONS Depression among EMR HCWs is a major concern. Steps must be taken to prevent, identify, and manage depression among HCWs. Fostering a compassionate and empathetic environment is critically important to building a resilient healthcare system. Generating high-quality regional data from longitudinal studies on mental health will further contribute to a better understanding and management of depression among EMR HCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Abraham
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Karima Chaabna
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sathyanarayanan Doraiswamy
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sapna Bhagat
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Javaid Sheikh
- Office of the Dean, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ravinder Mamtani
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sohaila Cheema
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
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Betke K, Basińska MA, Andruszkiewicz A. Sense of coherence and strategies for coping with stress among nurses. BMC Nurs 2021; 20:107. [PMID: 34162376 PMCID: PMC8220127 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-021-00631-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nursing profession is associated with constant presence of difficult situations and stress, which arise from responsibility for the highest values - human life and health. With demographic changes in the society, the demand for nursing care increases. Looking after the health of nursing staff becomes a non-material investment in employees. One of the most important health potentials described in literature is the sense of coherence. It can significantly contribute to maintaining good health, modify one's functioning in a stressful working environment and influence the choice of strategies for coping with stress. AIM The aim of the study was to describe the specific relationship between the sense of coherence and strategies for coping with stress in a group of professionally active nurses. METHODOLOGY AND METHODS The study involved 91 nurses in central Poland, aged 22-52. The group was diversified in terms of: education, work system, marital status and place of residence. The study was conducted with the use of: Sense of Coherence Questionnaire SOC-29 and Inventory to Measure Coping Strategies with Stress - Mini-COPE. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of scientific research set out in the Helsinki Declaration. RESULTS The sense of coherence value in the test group was M = 134.24 (SD = 19.55). In stressful situations nurses most often used active strategies to cope with stress: Planning M = 2.10 (SD = 0.54), Seeking Emotional Social Support M = 1.95 (SD = 0.68) and Seeking Instrumental Social Support M = 1.95 (SD = 0.69), and the least frequently: Alcohol/Drug Use M = 0.28 (SD = 0.48). The level of the sense of coherence and its components differentiated the strategies of coping with stress used in the examined group of nurses. CONCLUSIONS The research confirmed that the sense of coherence serves as a health potential in a stressful working environment - a high sense of coherence translate into better mental health, correct functioning in the working environment, and using adaptive strategies of coping with stress. Nurses with a stronger sense of coherence used more adaptive strategies to deal with stress than those with average or low levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Betke
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Poland Ludwig Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | | | - Anna Andruszkiewicz
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Poland Ludwig Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Domínguez-Salas S, Gómez-Salgado J, Guillén-Gestoso C, Romero-Martín M, Ortega-Moreno M, Ruiz-Frutos C. Health care workers' protection and psychological safety during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. J Nurs Manag 2021; 29:1924-1933. [PMID: 33844359 PMCID: PMC8250215 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Aims To analyse the relationship between work engagement, sense of coherence and psychological distress levels in Spanish health professionals who were active during the COVID‐19 pandemic lockdown. Background Work engagement and sense of coherence can help professionals to cope with work‐related psychological distress due to the harsh conditions of the COVID‐19 working environment. Methods Cross‐sectional observational study of 1,459 health care professionals. The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, the Sense of Coherence Scale and Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire were distributed and analysed with descriptive and multiple linear regression methods. Results High levels of work engagement, especially in the dedication dimension, of sense of coherence, in particular in the meaningfulness dimension, and psychological distress were obtained. Significant correlations (p < .001) were identified between all the variables. Conclusions Work engagement and sense of coherence correlated positively with each other and both negatively with psychological distress. So, health care professionals, despite presenting psychological distress, perceive their work satisfactorily and positively despite the severity of the situation and the harsh conditions. Implications for Nursing Management Sense of coherence and work engagement are protective factors against psychological distress. Preventive measures for professionals should go through the dimensionalization of the problem and the adaptation of practical measures for daily management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Domínguez-Salas
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Dos Hermanas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan Gómez-Salgado
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain.,Safety and Health Postgraduate Programme, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Mónica Ortega-Moreno
- Department of Economy. Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Carlos Ruiz-Frutos
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain.,Safety and Health Postgraduate Programme, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil, Ecuador
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Ruiz-Frutos C, Ortega-Moreno M, Allande-Cussó R, Ayuso-Murillo D, Domínguez-Salas S, Gómez-Salgado J. Sense of coherence, engagement, and work environment as precursors of psychological distress among non-health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. SAFETY SCIENCE 2021; 133:105033. [PMID: 33046949 PMCID: PMC7539829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2020.105033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interrelationship between the sense of coherence, work environment, work engagement, and psychological distress have particular interest in non-health workers who carried out essential activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of the COVID-19 on the physical and mental health of non-health workers. DESIGN Observational descriptive cross-sectional study. DATA SOURCES 1089 questionnaires have been analysed. Engagement (UWES-9), sense of coherence (SOC-13), mental health (Goldberg GHQ-12), demographic data, perception of health and stress and work environment were assessed. RESULTS At low levels of engagement, the percentage of distress is higher (77.9%). Low levels of sense of coherence correspond to the highest percentages of distress (86.3%). The 94.1% believe it necessary for professionals and volunteers involved in COVID-19 to receive psychological support. Low comprehensibility is mediated by the perception of stress; if the perception is low, comprehensibility is modulated by the level of significance; if it is low, it generates 95.9% of distress. CONCLUSION The interrelationship between the sense of coherence, work environment, work engagement, and psychological distress have particular interest in non-health workers who carried out essential activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Almost all respondents believed that professionals and volunteers involved in COVID-19 should receive psychological support. This may be an indicator of the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on workers' mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Ruiz-Frutos
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain
- Safety and Health Postgraduate Programme, Universidad Espíritu Santo, 092301 Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | | | - Regina Allande-Cussó
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy, and Podiatry. University of Seville, Seville 41009, Spain
| | | | - Sara Domínguez-Salas
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Dos Hermanas, 41704 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan Gómez-Salgado
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain
- Safety and Health Postgraduate Programme, Universidad Espíritu Santo, 092301 Guayaquil, Ecuador
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The Relationship between the Sense of Coherence of Dental Hygiene Students in Their Graduation Year and Their View of the Profession and Attitude to Work: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Japan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17249594. [PMID: 33371495 PMCID: PMC7767532 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The need to make sense of coherence in placement support for student dental hygienists has been shown. On this basis, this study investigated the relationship between the sense of coherence of student dental hygienists and their view of the profession and attitude to work in order to clarify how they perceive their prospects for employment. Methods: The subjects were graduation-year students at all of the dental hygienist training institutions in Japan, and anonymous, self-administered questionnaires were sent to the institutions by post in 2019. The results were analyzed by χ2 tests, as well as one-way analysis of variance and multiple comparisons using Tukey’s test, with the level of significance set at 5%. Results: Of 6270 questionnaires that were returned, 6264 were analyzed. The sense of coherence (SOC) component senses were manageability (F(26,221) = 5306.06, p < 0.01), meaningfulness (F(26,222) = 4373.48, p < 0.01), and comprehensibility (F(26,216) = 3986.12, p < 0.01), with meaningfulness scoring significantly higher than the other two (p < 0.01). Analysis with SOC scores divided into the low, medium, and high groups showed a relationship between the SOC of student dental hygienists and their view of the profession and attitude to work (p < 0.01), such that higher SOC scores were associated with a better view of the profession and a better attitude to work (F(26,225) = 282.18, p < 0.01). Conclusions: The results suggest that education that increases SOC in dental hygienist training programs may positively affect future prospects for student dental hygienists.
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Braun-Lewensohn O, Mayer CH. Salutogenesis and Coping: Ways to Overcome Stress and Conflict. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186667. [PMID: 32933161 PMCID: PMC7557564 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This Special Issue aims to explore the concepts of stress, coping resources, and coping strategies, which are rooted in several theories, such as the stress and coping theory and the salutogenesis theory, and to understand how their core constructs are manifested in various ethnic and cultural groups around the world. This Special Issue includes 13 articles on salutogenesis and coping from different disciplinary, socio-cultural, historical, political, and economic perspectives. These articles address salutogenesis on the individual, organizational, and societal levels. The empirical studies are based in different societal and national contexts and refer to different ethnic groups within those contexts. Other studies examine international leaders in industry from a global perspective and present a systemic review of the literature concerning individuals in specific professions, such as nursing. The studies in the current Special Issue set the ground for continuing research toward even more comprehensive theoretical grounds; studies that incorporate several theoretical backgrounds and explore a broad theoretical model that may help us to understand successful adaptation in various contexts. In summary, results of studies that incorporate these theories may promote our understanding of the effects of coping resources and strategies, including acculturation strategies used among minority groups for positive adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orna Braun-Lewensohn
- Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, Conflict Management & Resolution Program, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- Correspondence:
| | - Claude-Hélène Mayer
- Department of Industrial Psychology and People Management, Auckland Park Campus, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa;
- Institut für Therapeutische Kommunikation und Sprachgebrauch, Europa Universität Viadrina, Logenstrasse 11, 15230 Frankfurt (Oder), Germany
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Sense of Coherence and Psychological Distress Among Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12176855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The health crisis triggered by COVID-19 and the preventive measures taken to control it have caused a strong psychological impact on the population, especially on healthcare professionals. Risk exposure, uncertainty about how to approach the disease, care and emotional overburden, lack of resources, or unclear ever-changing protocols are, among others, psychological distress risk factors for the healthcare professionals who have faced this dramatic scenario on the front line. On the other hand, the Sense of Coherence (SOC) is a competence that could help these professionals perceive the situation as understandable, manageable, and meaningful, facilitating the activation of their resilience. This work aims to describe the levels of psychological distress and SOC of healthcare professionals during the crisis caused by COVID-19, the relationship between both variables, and their health status. A cross-sectional descriptive study with a sample of 1459 currently active healthcare workers was developed. GHQ-12 and SOC-13 were used for data collection. Bivariate analyses were performed, including Chi-Squared Test, Student’s T-Test, Analysis of Variance—ANOVA (with Bonferroni test for multiple comparisons), and correlations. Cohen’s d or Cramer’s V effect size measurements were also provided. The results showed that 80.6% of healthcare professionals had psychological distress, and the mean score on the SOC-13 scale was 62.8 points (SD = 12.02). Both psychological distress and SOC were related to the presence of COVID-19 symptoms, as well as with contact history. Professionals with psychological distress showed a lower SOC. Taking care of the mental health of healthcare professionals is essential to effectively cope with the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the psychological impact of working in the current menacing scenario, people on the front line against the disease should be protected, minimizing risks, providing them with resources and support, and fostering their coping skills.
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Burnout Syndrome in Occupational Therapists in Spain: Prevalence and Risk Factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17093164. [PMID: 32370115 PMCID: PMC7246504 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the potential levels of burnout syndrome in occupational therapists in Spain, as well as the risk factors involved in its prevalence. The data were obtained through an online survey. The tool utilised for this purpose was the Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey (MBI-GS) that takes into consideration the following dimensions: emotional fatigue, depersonalisation and reduction of personal satisfaction. A sociodemographic questionnaire was also utilised. The sample of the study included 758 occupational therapists, 90.8% of whom were women and 9.2% of whom were men. For identifying the variables associated to the presence of burnout, the prevalence was compared through the chi-squared test, and the odds ratios by age were calculated through the binary logistic regression model. We found that 69.4% of the occupational therapists presented burnout syndrome and especially emotional fatigue (63.5%). Likewise, relevant and significant differences in the prevalence of burnout syndrome were observed depending on the age, marital status, number of children, work field and type of workday. We can conclude that burnout syndrome poses a clear risk for the health of occupational therapists that could have direct consequences on the work environment, affecting the way the interventions are performed with patients. This study could help to raise awareness on this reality and the factors implied. We suggest the implementation of measures (individual, labour and political) both for the prevention of burnout in occupational therapists as well as for reducing the levels of those who suffer from it.
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Murayama H, Nonaka K, Hasebe M, Fujiwara Y. Workplace and community social capital and burnout among professionals of health and welfare services for the seniors: A multilevel analysis in Japan. J Occup Health 2020; 62:e12177. [PMID: 33131153 PMCID: PMC7603434 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the potential of the social capital approach in preventing burnout, there is sparse evidence of its contextual effect. This study aimed to reveal the contextual association of workplace and community social capital on burnout among professionals of health and welfare services for seniors in Japan. METHODS We collected data from a cross-sectional questionnaire survey for all health and welfare professionals working in Community Comprehensive Support Centers (CCSCs) in the central Tokyo area in 2015. We assessed burnout using the Japanese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory, which consists of three subscales: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. We prepared social capital items regarding workplace (the CCSC the participants belonged to) and community (the current catchment area of the CCSC). We aggregated individual responses of workplace and community social capital within each CCSC to create group-level workplace and community social capital indicators. RESULTS Among the 1771 questionnaires distributed, we analyzed 1110 from 211 CCSCs. Multilevel analysis showed that higher group-level workplace social capital was significantly associated with lower scores of all three subscales after adjusting for covariates. Moreover, we found a significant association between greater group-level community social capital and lower scores of depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment. CONCLUSION Working in workplaces and communities with higher social capital is related to lower burnout. The findings suggest that strategies to enhance the social capital of their workplace and community would be beneficial in the prevention of burnout among professionals in the field of health and social welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Murayama
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community HealthTokyo Metropolitan Institute of GerontologyTokyoJapan
| | - Kumiko Nonaka
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community HealthTokyo Metropolitan Institute of GerontologyTokyoJapan
| | - Masami Hasebe
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community HealthTokyo Metropolitan Institute of GerontologyTokyoJapan
| | - Yoshinori Fujiwara
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community HealthTokyo Metropolitan Institute of GerontologyTokyoJapan
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Jaiswal A, Singh T, Arya YK. "Psychological Antibodies" to Safeguard Frontline Healthcare Warriors Mental Health Against COVID-19 Pandemic-Related Psychopathology. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:590160. [PMID: 33391053 PMCID: PMC7775359 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.590160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tushar Singh
- Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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