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Cao T, Fang J, Jia Z, Zhu Y, Su M, Zhang Q, Song Y, Yu J, Yang M. Early warning of MIB episode based on gene abundance and expression in drinking water reservoirs. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 231:119667. [PMID: 36724724 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cellular 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) yield of cyanobacteria varies under different conditions according to culture studies and field investigations, the causal mechanism remains unclear and results in ineffective MIB prediction. Through an intensive field survey during an MIB episode produced by Pseudanabaena cinerea in QCS reservoir, we demonstrated that MIB synthesis (mic) gene abundance (DNA) and expression (RNA) might be useful as parameters for early warning of MIB production. It was found that the abundance of mic DNA and RNA peaked ahead of MIB concentrations by 10 and 7 days, respectively. In addition, the RNA abundance (R2 = 0.45, p < 0.01) showed a slightly higher correlation with MIB compared to DNA abundance (R2 = 0.37, p < 0.01), suggesting that the conditions for the growth of Pseudanabaena cinerea might be slightly different from those for mic gene expression, which was verified by a culture experiment. The highest cell growth was obtained under 36 μmol photons m-2 s-1, while the highest cellular MIB yield and mic gene expression level were obtained under 85 μmol photons m-2 s-1. Our results clearly supported that light intensity was the virtual regulator governing the mic gene expression within the controlled culture experiment and the actual MIB episode in the reservoir. Besides these results, we developed an early warning model using mic gene abundance as an indicator of MIB episodes, which was verified in two other reservoirs. Our findings highlight the effect of light intensity on mic gene expression and MIB synthesis and provide an early warning tool targeting MIB episode prediction, which therefore should be of importance for source water authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengxin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiao Fang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Zeyu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; Yangtze Eco-Environment Engineering Research Center, China Three Gorges Corporation, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Yiping Zhu
- Yangtze Eco-Environment Engineering Research Center, China Three Gorges Corporation, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Ming Su
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Donghu South Road, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yichao Song
- Yangtze Eco-Environment Engineering Research Center, China Three Gorges Corporation, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Jianwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; Shanghai Chengtou Raw Water Co. Ltd., Beiai Rd. 1540, Shanghai, 200125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Li H, Te SH, Tavakoli Y, Zhang J, Yew-Hoong Gin K, He Y. Rapid detection methods and modelling simulations provide new insights into cyanobacteria detection and bloom management in a tropical reservoir. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 326:116730. [PMID: 36399808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The increasing occurrence of cyanobacteria blooms is of global concern, and is often associated with environmental and socio-economic problems, such as degenerated ecosystems and aquaculture impairment. The diazotrophic cyanobacterium Raphidiopsis raciborskii (R. raciborskii) grows rapidly in the tropics, and produces the toxin, cylindrospermopsin (CYN), which has harmful effects on aquatic organisms. Thus, to protect water quality and ecosystem, it is essential to have rapid and reliable methods for cyanobacteria and R. raciborskii detection and prediction so that early warning can be provided for management. Molecular assays, such as PCR, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), two-step PCR assays are accurate and widely used, but still require several hours from sample preparation to data analysis. In this study, insulated isothermal PCR (iiPCR) assays in conjunction with fast DNA extraction method, were developed and verified as a rapid detection assay in detecting cyanobacteria and R. raciborskii within 50 min, and also with high detection accuracy (98.8%) and the overall high agreement level (98.8%, k = 97.5%)) comparing to conventional qPCR assay. However, the limitation of the iiPCR assay is that it only generates qualitative results. Therefore, the quantified iiPCR assay, named as A-iiPCR, by coupling iiPCR device with fluorescence signal catching and interpretation instrument (Andor spectrometer with Solis spectroscopy software) was developed and verified with in situ environmental samples. The fluorescence intensity decreased accordingly with the drop of DNA concentration until reaching 1.32 ng/μL. Also, Delft 3D modelling was established to simulate R. raciborskii change in predicting spatial and temporal variabilities for reservoir management, as the simulated R. raciborskii concentration was the highest at sampling site 1, as well as temporally highest in April and October, posing as the most high-risk location and time periods for R. raciborskii bloom-forming requiring corresponding governance measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; NUS Environmental Research Institute (E2S2-CREATE), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shu Harn Te
- NUS Environmental Research Institute (E2S2-CREATE), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yasaman Tavakoli
- NUS Environmental Research Institute (E2S2-CREATE), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jingjie Zhang
- NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Karina Yew-Hoong Gin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS Environmental Research Institute (E2S2-CREATE), National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Yiliang He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Suruzzaman M, Cao T, Lu J, Wang Y, Su M, Yang M. Evaluation of the MIB-producing potential based on real-time qPCR in drinking water reservoirs. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112308. [PMID: 34757030 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria release 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) as a secondary metabolite. Here, we propose a reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) based method to evaluate the MIB-producing potential in source water by detecting the MIB-synthesis gene (mic). A MIBQSF/R primer set was designed based on 35 mic gene sequences obtained from 12 pure-cultured MIB-producing strains and 23 sequences from the NCBI database. This primer set successfully identified all known 43 MIB-producing cyanobacterial strains (12 from this study and 31 from the NCBI database), belonging to different genera, showing a wider coverage than previous primer sets. The efficiency of the method was proved by the amplification efficiency (E = 91.23%), R2 of the standard curve (0.999), the limit of detection (LOD, 5.7 fg μL-1), and the limit of quantification (LOQ, 1.86 × 104 gene copies μL-1). Further, the method was verified by the correlation between the mic gene abundance and MIB concentration 50 field samples from different reservoirs (R2 = 0.614, p < 0.001) and one reservoir (R2 = 0.752, p < 0.001), suggesting its potential as an alternative warning tool to evaluate the risk of MIB problems in source water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Suruzzaman
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tengxin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jinping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongjing Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Ming Su
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Jeong JY, Lee SH, Yun MR, Oh SE, Lee KH, Park HD. 2-Methylisoborneol (2-MIB) Excretion by Pseudanabaena yagii under Low Temperature. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122486. [PMID: 34946088 PMCID: PMC8705757 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks of 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) contamination in drinking water sources cause inconvenient odor issues in the water distribution system. In this study, microscopy-based isolation with physiological and molecular phylogenetic characterization were performed to investigate and characterize the 2-MIB odor producers that caused an odor problem in the freshwater system of the North Han River in the autumn of 2018. A benthic cyanobacterium was isolated from 2-MIB odor-issue freshwater samples and was found to be phylogenetically affiliated with Pseudanabaena yagii (99.66% sequence similarity), which was recorded in South Korea for the first time. The 2-MIB synthesis gene sequences from the odor-issue freshwater samples showed 100% similarity with those in the P. yagii strains. Protein sequences of 2-MIB synthase observed in the genome of the isolated strain showed structural and functional characteristics similar to those observed in other Pseudanabaena species. The 2-MIB production rate increased slowly during mat formation on the vessel wall; however, it rapidly increased after the temperature dropped. The 2-MIB gene was continuously expressed regardless of the temperature changes. These results suggest that the 2-MIB odor issue in the North Han River might be caused by the release of 2-MIB from the mat-forming P. yagii species in a low-temperature freshwater environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Yong Jeong
- Department of Water Environment Research, Gyeonggi Institute of Health and Environment, Suwon 16444, Korea; (M.-R.Y.); (S.-E.O.); (K.-H.L.)
- Correspondence: (J.-Y.J.); (H.-D.P.); Tel.: +82-31-250-2691 (J.-Y.J.); +82-2-3290-4861 (H.-D.P.); Fax: +82-31-250-2587 (J.-Y.J.); +82-2-928-7656 (H.-D.P.)
| | - Sang-Hoon Lee
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Mi-Ra Yun
- Department of Water Environment Research, Gyeonggi Institute of Health and Environment, Suwon 16444, Korea; (M.-R.Y.); (S.-E.O.); (K.-H.L.)
| | - Seung-Eun Oh
- Department of Water Environment Research, Gyeonggi Institute of Health and Environment, Suwon 16444, Korea; (M.-R.Y.); (S.-E.O.); (K.-H.L.)
| | - Kyong-Hee Lee
- Department of Water Environment Research, Gyeonggi Institute of Health and Environment, Suwon 16444, Korea; (M.-R.Y.); (S.-E.O.); (K.-H.L.)
| | - Hee-Deung Park
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.-Y.J.); (H.-D.P.); Tel.: +82-31-250-2691 (J.-Y.J.); +82-2-3290-4861 (H.-D.P.); Fax: +82-31-250-2587 (J.-Y.J.); +82-2-928-7656 (H.-D.P.)
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Qiu P, Chen Y, Li C, Huo D, Bi Y, Wang J, Li Y, Li R, Yu G. Using molecular detection for the diversity and occurrence of cyanobacteria and 2-methylisoborneol-producing cyanobacteria in an eutrophicated reservoir in northern China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 288:117772. [PMID: 34273769 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic ecosystems and drinking water supply systems worldwide are increasingly affected by taste and odor episodes. In this study, molecular approaches including next-generation sequencing (NGS) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were used to study the diversity and dynamics of cyanobacteria and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB)-producing cyanobacteria in Yuqiao Reservoir, a eutrophicated drinking water reservoir in Tianjin city, northern China. NGS revealed that the entire cyanobacterial community consisted of 16 genera, with Planktothrix (28.8%), Pseudanabaena (18.4%), Cylindrospermosis (7.8%), and Microcystis (7.6%) being the dominant genera, while microscopic examination identified only eight cyanobacterial genera. NGS of the 2-MIB synthesis gene revealed that Pseudanabaena and Planktothricoides were the main 2-MIB producers, with Pseudanabaena being dominant. This finding demonstrated that NGS can identify 2-MIB producers quickly and accurately and it can thus play an important role in the practical monitoring of aquatic ecology. The qPCR test showed 2-MIB synthesis gene with 4.27 × 106 copies/L to 2.24 × 109copies/L occurring at the three sampling sites. The mic gene copy number increased before the 2-MIB concentration increased, indicating that forecasting role in dealing with the 2-MIB concentration by gene copy number. Predicting 2-MIB by qPCR in the field must be verified with additional studies. The combination of NGS and qPCR can be an even more comprehensive method to provide early warning information to managers of reservoirs and water utilities facing taste and odor incidents. This is the first amplicon NGS dataset based on 2-MIB gene to study the diversity and dynamics of 2-MIB-producing cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South Donghu Road 7, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Youxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South Donghu Road 7, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Chenjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South Donghu Road 7, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Da Huo
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South Donghu Road 7, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yonghong Bi
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South Donghu Road 7, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Tianjin Hydraulic Research Institute, Tianjin, 300061, China
| | - Yunchuang Li
- China Construction First Group Corporation Limited, Tianjin, 300061, China
| | - Renhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South Donghu Road 7, Wuhan, 430072, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325039, China
| | - Gongliang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South Donghu Road 7, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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Devi A, Chiu YT, Hsueh HT, Lin TF. Quantitative PCR based detection system for cyanobacterial geosmin/2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) events in drinking water sources: Current status and challenges. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 188:116478. [PMID: 33045635 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Taste and odor (T&O) are an important issue in drinking water, aquaculture, recreation and a few other associated industries, and cyanobacteria-relevant geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) are the two most commonly detected T&O compounds worldwide. A rise in the cyanobacterial blooms and associated geosmin/2-MIB episodes due to anthropogenic activities as well as climate change has led to global concerns for drinking water quality. The increasing awareness for the safe drinking, aquaculture or recreational water systems has boost the demand for rapid, robust, on-site early detection and monitoring system for cyanobacterial geosmin/2-MIB events. In past years, research has indicated quantitative PCR (qPCR) as one of the promising tools for detection of geosmin/2-MIB episodes. It offers advantages of detecting the source organism even at very low concentrations, distinction of odor-producing cyanobacterial strains from non-producers and evaluation of odor producing potential of the cyanobacteria at much faster rates compared to conventional techniques.The present review aims at examining the current status of developed qPCR primers and probes in identifying and detecting the cyanobacterial blooms along with geosmin/2-MIB events. Among the more than 100 articles about cyanobacteria associated geosmin/2-MIB in drinking water systems published after 1990, limited reports (approx. 10 each for geosmin and 2-MIB) focused on qPCR detection and its application in the field. Based on the review of literature, a comprehensive open access global cyanobacterial geosmin/2-MIB events database (CyanoGM Explorer) is curated. It acts as a single platform to access updated information related to origin and geographical distribution of geosmin/2-MIB events, cyanobacterial producers, frequency, and techniques associated with the monitoring of the events. Although a total of 132 cyanobacterial strains from 21 genera and 72 cyanobacterial strains from 13 genera have been reported for geosmin and 2-MIB production, respectively, only 58 geosmin and 28 2-MIB synthesis regions have been assembled in the NCBI database. Based on the identity, geosmin sequences were found to be more diverse in the geosmin synthase conserved/primer design region, compared to 2-MIB synthesis region, hindering the design of universal primers/probes. Emerging technologies such as the bioelectronic nose, Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS), and nanopore sequencing are discussed for future applications in early on-site detection of geosmin/2-MIB and producers. In the end, the paper also highlights various challenges in applying qPCR as a universal system of monitoring and development of response system for geosmin/2-MIB episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apramita Devi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan ROC
| | - Yi-Ting Chiu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan ROC
| | - Hsin-Ta Hsueh
- Sustainable Environment Research Laboratories, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan ROC
| | - Tsair-Fuh Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan ROC.
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Eutrophication and the Ecological Health Risk. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176332. [PMID: 32878106 PMCID: PMC7503835 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This Special Issue focuses on eutrophication and related ecological health risks—one of the biggest challenges to sustainable water management. It is increasingly recognized that eutrophication has multidimensional consequences for water quality, both ecosystem and human health, as well as economic activities. These consequences depend on site-specific conditions, specifically, the ecological stability of the system, land use types, climate change, and the presence of other contaminants, including infectious disease agents. This Special Issue contains ten research papers that focus on, among other factors, phosphorus, cyanobacteria, off-flavor substances, macroinvertebrates, chemical stress, and land-use effects, thereby increasing our understanding of the multidimensional effects of eutrophication.
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