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Carducci B, Dominguez G, Kidd E, Oh C, Jain R, Khan A, Bhutta ZA. Promoting healthy school food environments and nutrition in Canada: a systematic review of interventions, policies, and programs. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae030. [PMID: 38767979 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The school food environment is a critical interface for child and adolescent nutrition, and there is a need to understand existing literature on Canadian school food environments to identify equity gaps and opportunities, and empower decision-makers to plan for future action. OBJECTIVE Literature on Canadian school food and nutrition interventions, policies, programs, and their effects on diets and nutritional status are synthesized and appraised in this systematic review. DATA SOURCES A search strategy was developed for each database used (Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, ERIC, Cochrane Collaboration, Canadian Electronic Library, BiblioMap), with a combination of free text and controlled vocabulary, for articles published from 1990 to 2021. Unpublished data and grey literature were also searched. DATA EXTRACTION Quantitative and qualitative studies with an observational or intervention study design, reviews, or program evaluations conducted in Canadian schools with participants aged 5-19.9 years were included. Key study characteristics and risk of bias were extracted independently by 2 investigators using a standardized tool. DATA ANALYSIS A total of 298 articles were included (n = 192 peer reviewed and 106 from the grey literature), which were mostly conducted in Ontario (n = 52), British Columbia (n = 43), and Nova Scotia (n = 28). Twenty-four interventions, 5 nonevaluated programs, and 1 policy involved Indigenous populations. Overall, 86 articles measured and reported on effectiveness outcomes, including dietary intake; anthropometry; knowledge, attitudes, and practices; and physical activity. The literature remains largely heterogenous and primarily focused on nutrition education programs that use subjective assessments to infer changes in nutrition. A key facilitator to implementation and sustainability was community engagement, whereas key barriers were staff capacity, access to resources and funding, and consistent leadership. CONCLUSIONS This review provides insight into Canadian school food and nutrition interventions, programs, and policies and uncovers important evidence gaps that require careful examination for future evaluations. Governments must create supportive environments that optimize nutrition for children and adolescents through equitable policies and programs. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022303255.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Carducci
- Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research, and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Georgia Dominguez
- Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research, and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emily Kidd
- Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research, and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christina Oh
- Western University, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, ON, Canada
| | - Reena Jain
- Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research, and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amira Khan
- Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research, and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research, and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre of Excellence in Women, and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Dalla Lana School of Public, Health University of Toronto Health Sciences Building, Toronto, ON, Canada
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López-Gil JF, Fabios E, Martín-Calvo N. Meeting the 24-h movement recommendations and its relationship with Mediterranean dietary patterns in early childhood: the SENDO project. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:2365-2373. [PMID: 38430278 PMCID: PMC11035442 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-024-05472-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was twofold: (1) to assess the association between meeting all three 24-h movement recommendations and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) in early childhood and (2) to examine whether participants who meet all three 24-h movement recommendations have greater adherence to the individual MedDiet foods/components than those who do not meet these recommendations. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a sample of 822 participants from the Seguimiento del Niño para un Desarrollo Óptimo (SENDO) project (Pamplona, Spain). Physical activity was assessed through a questionnaire that covered 17 different types of activities. Screen time was assessed by averaging the daily hours spent on activities such as watching TV, using a computer, or playing video games. Sleep duration was determined by taking the average of sleep durations during both weekdays and weekends. Adherence to the MedDiet was evaluated using the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index in children and adolescents (KIDMED). Greater odds of having an optimal adherence to the MedDiet were found for participants meeting all three 24-h movement recommendations (odds ratio (OR) = 1.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.33-2.87, p = 0.001) in comparison with their counterparts not meeting these recommendations. Specifically, significant differences were found for "fruit or fruit juice every day" (p = 0.012), "second fruit every day" (p = 0.001), and "fresh or cooked vegetables regularly once a day" (p = 0.018) in relation to meeting all three 24-h movement recommendation status. Conclusions: This study provides further evidence of the potential importance of meeting all three 24-h movement recommendations to adopt a healthier eating pattern. What is Known: • Only a limited number of studies have investigated the joint connection between the 24-h movement recommendations and dietary habits. • Integrating the 24-h movement recommendations with dietary recommendations could potentially yield greater effectiveness compared to promoting these recommendations independently within public health strategies. What is New: • This is the first study in assessing the relationship between 24-h movement recommendations and adherence to the Mediterranean diet in early childhood. • These findings provide further evidence of the potential importance of meeting all three 24-h movement recommendations to adopt a healthier eating pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elise Fabios
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nerea Martín-Calvo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
- Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Reid RER, Henderson M, Barnett TA, Kakinami L, Tremblay A, Mathieu ME. Children and chrono-exercise: Timing of physical activity on school and weekend days depends on sex and obesity status. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:72-80. [PMID: 38083868 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2292097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Recommendations for physical activity (PA) typically focus on frequency, intensity, duration, and type, but timing (chrono-exercise) is also important. The objective of this study is to describe when children are active on school and weekend days and explore PA timing across sex and body mass index (BMI) categories. 359 children (53% male), aged 9.6 (0.9) y, were categorized as normal weight (≥-1 standard deviations (SD) and <1SD; n = 193), overweight (≥1SD and <2SD; n = 80), or obese (≥2SD; n = 86) using WHO BMIz. Moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) was assessed using ActiGraph LS-7164. The results are described as Mean(SD). ANOVA evaluated MVPA across sexes and BMI categories. Normal weight boys were more active than boys with obesity on school (Δ20.33 min; p < 0.001) and weekend days (Δ15.04 min; p < 0.05). On school days, significant differences existed between 9:00 h-11:00 h and 12:00 h-14:00 h (p < 0.017), while on weekends, smaller differences existed throughout the day. Girls' MVPA was similar across BMI categories, on all days (p > 0.05). On school days, 12:00 h-13:00 h represented the most active hour for all participants (~14% total daily MVPA). Peak weekend MVPA was distributed across multiple hours. Differences in MVPA timing emerged on school-days and weekends. Timing may be important when examining the nuances of MVPA in relation to sex and bodyweight in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E R Reid
- Department of Human Kinetics, Saint Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Canada
| | - Mélanie Henderson
- Department of Pediatrics, Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Tracie A Barnett
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Lisa Kakinami
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Concordia University, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Marie-Eve Mathieu
- School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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de Fátima Guimarães R, Gilbert JA, Drapeau V, Mathieu ME. Healthier Lifestyle for Girls Who Accumulate More Years in the FitSpirit School-Based Intervention. Am J Lifestyle Med 2022; 16:633-640. [PMID: 36072691 DOI: 10.1177/1559827620964764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The main aim was to verify in a group of adolescent girls undergoing a school-based intervention if the number of years of participation in the intervention is related to healthy lifestyle habits, body weight status, and perceived health. Cross-sectional analysis of the FitSpirit data was performed. Body mass index, lifestyle variables, and perceived health were collected through an online questionnaire. Chi-square test, Fisher's test, and ANOVA were performed. Mean age of the 272 girls was 14.7 ± 1.5 years. Higher percentage of girls with 3 or more years of participation met the recommendations for physical activity (PA) and sleep duration (P < .05). Girls who participated ≥3 years showed higher levels of moderate-to-vigorous PA than girls with 1 and 2 years of participation (P < .01). No differences were found between the number of years of participation and body mass index, screen time, fruit/vegetable consumption, or perceived health. A healthier body weight status and following recommendations for healthier habits (PA, screen time, sleep, fruit/vegetable consumption) were related to better perceived health (P < .05). Girls with more years in FitSpirit had healthier lifestyle habits (PA and sleep) compared to those with fewer years. A healthier body weight status and meeting healthy lifestyle recommendations were related to better perceived health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roseane de Fátima Guimarães
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique de la Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jo-Anne Gilbert
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique de la Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vicky Drapeau
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels, Université de Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Eve Mathieu
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique de la Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Guimarães RDF, Gilbert JA, Lemoyne J, Mathieu ME. Better health indicators of FitSpirit participants meeting 24-h movement guidelines for Canadian children and youth. Health Promot Int 2021; 36:836-845. [PMID: 33111958 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daaa102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to determine the proportion of girls who meet the recommendations for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), screen time and sleep duration among FitSpirit participants and evaluate the associations of these recommendations with perceived health-related quality of life (QOL), perceived health, physical activity (PA), self-efficacy and body mass index. Cross-sectional analyses of FitSpirit data were performed. All variables were collected through an online questionnaire. The proportion of girls meeting all recommendations was 2.2%, while 72.5% met either one or two and 25.4% met none. A greater percentage of girls with ≥3 years in FitSpirit met MVPA and sleep recommendations combined when compared with fewer years (12.9% vs. 1.7% with 1 year; vs. 10.1% with 2 years; p < 0.05). Meeting the combinations of MVPA and screen time (β = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.40, 1.68), MVPA and sleep (β = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.27, 1.04) and all three combined (β = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.33, 1.71) was the most significant predictors of better perceived QOL. Respecting MVPA recommendations predicted a better perceived health (β = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.18, 0.87) while girls who slept as recommended had a better PA-related self-efficacy (β = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.51, 2.11). Not meeting any recommendation was associated with inferior PA-related self-efficacy (β = -0.32, 95% CI = -3.03, -1.21). Lastly, meeting MVPA and sleep recommendations was significantly associated with lower body mass index z-scores (β = -0.14, 95% CI = -1.16, -0.11). There was a small percentage of girls following all of the recommendations. Furthermore, meeting individual and combined recommendations was associated with better perceived QOL and health, PA self-efficacy as well as healthier body mass index z-score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roseane de Fátima Guimarães
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, 2100 Edouard Montpetit Blvd. #8223, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4.,Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jo-Anne Gilbert
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, 2100 Edouard Montpetit Blvd. #8223, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
| | - Jean Lemoyne
- Département des sciences de l'activité physique, Université de Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Eve Mathieu
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, 2100 Edouard Montpetit Blvd. #8223, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4.,Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
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