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Nuampa S, Sirithepmontree S, Sudphet M, Patil CL. 'The way to obtain freedom and equality': Experiences and needs of Thai adolescent mothers in terms of the use smartphone applications for breastfeeding support. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300041. [PMID: 38557683 PMCID: PMC10984458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breastfeeding brings about a positive impact on both child and maternal health in the short and long terms. However, adolescent mothers have a lower breastfeeding initiation rate and a shorter breastfeeding duration than adult mothers. Although mobile applications have been found to be the most widely used platform for breastfeeding support, there is still a lack of design specific for adolescents. AIM To explore the experiences, perspectives and needs of adolescent mothers and professional nurses using smartphone applications for breastfeeding support and the influence of this technology on healthcare in Thailand. METHODS This formative qualitative research of the 'Development of smartphone application for promoting breastfeeding and learning of infant responsiveness for Thai teenage pregnant women' study intends to design a smartphone application and develop an implementation plan. A purposive sample was used to elicit experiences from adolescent mothers and nurses. Data were collected from 48 adolescent mothers through in-depth interviews with six focus group discussions and 12 nurses, following the data saturation principle. Thematic analysis was conducted, and potential factors and needs were mapped to the capability, opportunity, and motivation model of behaviour change (COM-B). RESULTS Most adolescent mothers perceived the usefulness of smartphone apps as breastfeeding support resources. The qualitative findings of adolescent mothers were grouped into the following three themes: a friendly breastfeeding tool; allows them to manage their breastfeeding activities; and enhances the accessibility and equality of breastfeeding support. The professional nurses perceived the benefits of using smartphone applications in their work, which included the following three themes: reducing workload and making their work easier; preparation is always better; and increasing the standards of breastfeeding support. CONCLUSION Adolescent mothers and professional nurses showed favourable attitudes toward smartphone apps for breastfeeding support. These smartphone apps should be tailored to these groups to achieve optimal BF outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasitara Nuampa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sudhathai Sirithepmontree
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Metpapha Sudphet
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Crystal L. Patil
- Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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Doan DTT, Binns C, Lee A, Zhao Y, Pham MN, Dinh HTP, Nguyen CC, Bui HTT. Factors associated with intention to breastfeed in Vietnamese mothers: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279691. [PMID: 38085730 PMCID: PMC10715656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breastfeeding has many benefits for mothers, children, and the environment over both the short and longr-term. Prenatal intention to breastfeed is a powerful predictor of short-term breastfeeding outcomes. OBJECTIVE This study aims to analyze breastfeeding intentions, including the intention to feed infants with breastmilk only and to continue exclusive breastfeeding to 6 months among pregnant mothers in Hanoi, Vietnam. METHODS The analysis included 1230 singleton mothers, between 24- and 36-weeks' gestation, who attended antenatal clinics in two hospitals in Hanoi in 2020. RESULTS The proportion of mothers with an "breastfeeding intention" (i.e., intention to feed an infant with breastmilk only) and "exclusive breastfeeding intention" to 6 months was 59.9% and 41.7%, respectively. Mothers who were 25 years or older (aOR = 1.35, 95%CI:1.00-1.81), had an undergraduate educational degree or higher (aOR = 1.38, 95%CI: 1.08-1.76), had observed another woman breastfeeding (aOR = 1.43, 95%CI: 1.03-2.00), were not living with parents-in-law (aOR = 1.34, CI: 1.05-1.70), and were multiparous (aOR = 1.60, 95%CI: 1.16-2.19) had higher odds of "exclusive breastfeeding intention" to 6 months. Among primiparous women, those who thought their husbands support breastfeeding were more likely to intend to feed an infant with breastmilk only. Among multiparous women, feeding the previous child with breastmilk exclusively before the introduction of complementary foods and not giving solid foods together with water until 6 months, were significant predictors for both breastfeeding intentions. CONCLUSION Mothers without exclusive breastfeeding experience should be provided with greater support to promote exclusive breastfeeding intention and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duong Thi Thuy Doan
- Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Colin Binns
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andy Lee
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Yun Zhao
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Minh Ngoc Pham
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Western Australia, Australia
- Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
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Giang HTN, Duy DTT, Vuong NL, Ngoc NTT, Pham TT, Duc NTM, Le TTD, Nga TTT, Hieu LTM, Vi NTT, Triet BM, Thach NT, Truc TTB, Huy NT. Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of an infant's life and associated factors in a low-middle income country. Int Breastfeed J 2023; 18:47. [PMID: 37653448 PMCID: PMC10472614 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-023-00585-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although breastfeeding is practiced by 98% of mothers in Vietnam, infant breastfeeding behaviors remain far from World Health Organization recommendations and continues to decline. This study aims to explore the prevalence and factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months of an infant's life. METHODS A cross-sectional study utilized a self-administered maternal questionnaire to collect data on 1072 Vietnamese mothers who brought infants aged between 6 and 30 months to a community health centre (CHC) for routine vaccination. Data collection was conducted from March to May 2021 in two cities in Central and North Vietnam. In order to measure exclusive breastfeeding, we asked mothers to recall (yes / no), if the child had received breast milk, formula, colostrum milk powder, water, vitamin / medicine, fruit juice / honey, and complementary foods aged under six months. RESULTS In the first six months, 14.2% of mothers exclusively breastfed their infants. Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated a significant association between exclusive infant breastfeeding and the highest maternal education level (university or postgraduate) (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.55; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10, 5.91); male infants (aOR 1.72; 95% CI 1.11, 2.68); duration of skin-to-skin contact greater than 90 min (aOR 7.69; 95% CI 1.95, 30.38); receiving first breastfeeding during skin-to-skin contact (aOR 2.31; 95% CI 1.30, 4.10); completely feeding infant directly at the breast (aOR 1.65; 95% CI 1.00, 2.71) and exclusive breastfeeding intention during pregnancy (aOR 2.48; 95% CI 1.53, 4.00). When compared with mothers who were prenatally exposed to infant formula advertising classified as "often", the prevalence of exclusive infant breastfeeding was higher in mothers who classified their prenatal exposure to infant formula advertising as "sometimes" (aOR 2.15; 95% CI 1.13, 4.10), and "seldom" (aOR 2.58; 95% CI 1.25, 5.36). CONCLUSION The prevalence of mothers who practiced exclusive infant breastfeeding during the first six months in Vietnam was low. Infants should receive early maternal-infant skin-to-skin contact greater than 90 min and complete first breastfeeding during skin-to-skin contact. Further, mothers should be protected against infant formula advertisements to maximise the likelihood of exclusive breastfeeding during the child's infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Do Thi Thuy Duy
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, The University of Danang, Danang, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Lam Vuong
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Thu Thi Pham
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, The University of Danang, Danang, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Tran Minh Duc
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Trinh Thi Diem Le
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thi Tuyet Nga
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Le Tho Minh Hieu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, The University of Danang, Danang, Vietnam
| | | | - Bui Minh Triet
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, The University of Danang, Danang, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Tan Thach
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, The University of Danang, Danang, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thi Bach Truc
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, The University of Danang, Danang, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Tien Huy
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Araujo JP, Gallo AM, Parada CMGDL, Marcon SS, Ferrari RAP, Pinto KRTDF, Zani AV. Mobile applications as a strategy to support parents in the care of newborns: a scoping review. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2023; 57:e20220470. [PMID: 37494035 PMCID: PMC10373450 DOI: 10.1590/1980-220x-reeusp-2022-0470en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To map and describe studies available in the literature about mobile applications to support parents in newborn care and data from applications accessible in online stores. METHOD This is a scoping review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. The searches were carried out in theses and dissertations databases and portals, in September 2021, and articles, theses, and dissertations were included. An independent search was performed in online stores of applications for operating systems Android and iOS, in October and December 2021, and applications with content to support parents of newborns were selected. RESULTS A total of 5,238 studies and 757 applications were found, and of these, 16 and 150, respectively, composed the sample. The topics discussed in the studies were: care, breastfeeding, fever, identification of neonatal diseases, child growth and development. In the applications, the themes found were care, breastfeeding, growth, immunization, development, sleep, tips, and guidelines. CONCLUSION Applications are important support tools for parents, as they are an innovative means and accessible to a large part of the population.
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Mena-Tudela D, Soriano-Vidal FJ, Vila-Candel R, Quesada JA, Aguilar L, Franco-Antonio C. Effect of Mobile-Based Counselling on Breastfeeding in Spain: A Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol (COMLACT Study). Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11101434. [PMID: 37239720 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11101434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary aim of this study is to determine the influence of an intervention in women based on a free mobile application (LactApp®, Barcelona, Spain) in maintaining breastfeeding (BF) up to 6 months postpartum. The secondary aim is to assess the effect of health literacy (HL) on breastfeeding duration. METHODS A multicenter, randomized controlled clinical trial of parallel groups will be carried out. Women will be randomly assigned to each of the parallel groups. In the control group, usual clinical practice will be followed from the third trimester of pregnancy to promote BF. In the intervention group, and in addition to usual clinical practice, the women will use a free mobile application (LactApp®) from the third trimester to 6 months postpartum. The type of BF at birth, at 15 days and at 3 and 6 months postpartum and the causes of cessation of BF in both groups will be monitored. The hypothesis will be tested using inferential analysis, considering an alpha of 5%. The study protocol was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Hospital de la Ribera (Alzira, Valencia, Spain) in February 2021. A per protocol analysis and an intention-to-treat analysis will be performed. DISCUSSION This study will identify the influence of a mobile application on improving BF rates. If the application proves effective, we will have a tool with free information available to any user at any time of day, which may be complemented by normal clinical practice and be integrated into our health care system. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05432700.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desirée Mena-Tudela
- Department of Nursing, Feminist Institute University Institute for Feminist and Gender Studies, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellon de la Plana, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Soriano-Vidal
- Department of Nursing, Universitat de València, 46007 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xativa-Oninyent Health Department, 46800 Xativa, Spain
| | - Rafael Vila-Candel
- Department of Nursing, Universitat de València, 46007 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitario de la Ribera, 46600 Alzira, Spain
| | - José Antonio Quesada
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain
- Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Laia Aguilar
- Midwifery at Lactapp Women Health, 08011 Barcelona, Spain
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McBride B, O'Neil J, Nguyen PC, Linh DT, Hue TT, Nguyen VC, Nguyen LT. Adapting and scaling a digital health intervention to improve maternal and child health among ethnic minority women in Vietnam amid the COVID-19 context: the dMOM project protocol. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e44720. [PMID: 37058576 PMCID: PMC10167587 DOI: 10.2196/44720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to interconnected structural determinants including low maternal health knowledge, economic marginalization and remoteness from low-capacity health centres, ethnic minority women (EMW) in remote areas of Vietnam face severe maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH) inequities. As ethnic minorities represent 15% of the total Vietnamese population, these disparities are significant. 'mMOM' - a pilot mobile health intervention using SMS to improve MNCH outcomes among EMW in northern Vietnam - was implemented from 2013-2016 with promising results. Despite mMOM's findings, and despite exacerbated MNCH inequities and digital health approaches becoming even more salient amid COVID-19, mobile health has not yet been scaled to address MNCH among EMW. OBJECTIVE To describe the protocol for adapting, expanding, and exponentially scaling the mMOM intervention qualitatively through adding COVID-19-related MNCH guidance and novel technological components (mobile app, artificial intelligence chatbots); and quantitatively through expanding over a broader geographical area reaching exponentially more participants, within the evolving COVID-19 pandemic and post-pandemic context. METHODS dMOM will be conducted in 4 phases. 1) Drawing on a review of international literature and government guidelines on MNCH amid COVID-19, mMOM project components will be updated to respond to COVID-19 and the post-pandemic context, and expanded to include a mobile app and artificial intelligence chatbots to more deeply engage participants. 2) Using an intersectionality lens and participatory action research approach, a scoping study and rapid ethnographic fieldwork will explore EMW's unmet MNCH needs; acceptability and accessibility of digital health; technical capacity of commune health centres; gendered power dynamics and cultural, geographical, and social determinants impacting health outcomes; and multilevel impacts of COVID-19. Findings will be applied to further refine the intervention. 3) dMOM will be implemented and incrementally scaled across 71 project communes. 4) dMOM will be evaluated to assess whether SMS delivery or mobile app delivery engenders better MNCH outcomes among EMW. Documentation of lessons learned and dMOM models will be shared with Vietnam's Ministry of Health for adoption and further scaling up. RESULTS The dMOM study was funded by IDRC in November 2021, co-facilitated by the Ministry of Health, and is being co-implemented by provincial health departments in two mountainous provinces. Phase 1 (literature review; updating, adapting, and expanding intervention components) was initiated in May 2022, and phase 2 (scoping study and rapid ethnographic fieldwork) is planned to begin in December 2022. The entire study is expected to be complete in June 2025. CONCLUSIONS The dMOM research outcomes will generate important empirical evidence on the effectiveness of leveraging digital health to address intractable MNCH inequities among EMW in low resource settings in Vietnam, and provide critical information on the processes of adapting mobile health interventions to respond to COVID-19 and other future pandemics. Finally, dMOM activities, models and findings will inform a national-scale intervention led by the Ministry of Health. CLINICALTRIAL INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT PRR1-10.2196/44720.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn McBride
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, CA
| | - John O'Neil
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, CA
| | | | - Dang Thuy Linh
- Institute for Population, Health and Development, Hanoi, VN
| | - Trinh Thi Hue
- Institute for Population, Health and Development, Hanoi, VN
| | - Vu Cong Nguyen
- Institute for Population, Health and Development, Hanoi, VN
| | - Liem T Nguyen
- Institute for Population, Health and Development, Hanoi, VN
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Binns C, Yun Low W, Shunnmugam B, Minh Pham N, Lee A, Bulgiba A, Hoe VCW. Internet-Based Research in Public Health: Can It Ever Be Reliable? Asia Pac J Public Health 2023; 35:189-193. [PMID: 36924228 DOI: 10.1177/10105395231162470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Colin Binns
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Wah Yun Low
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia
| | | | - Ngoc Minh Pham
- Nutrition & Dietetics Discipline, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
| | - Andy Lee
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Awang Bulgiba
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Victor C W Hoe
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Doan TTD, Tran TC, Pham NM, Zhao Y, Dinh TPH, Hoai NX, Lee A, Binns C, Bui TTH. Designing and developing a mobile app (BeBo) in a randomized controlled trial study to promote breastfeeding among Vietnamese mothers. Int Breastfeed J 2023; 18:7. [PMID: 36658643 PMCID: PMC9854088 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-023-00543-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breastfeeding should begin as soon as possible after birth and continue exclusively to 6 months of age. In Vietnam, as in many other countries, breastfeeding is decreasing because of modern lifestyles and the promotion of infant formula. It is important to provide mothers, family members, and the community with the knowledge and strategies to improve breastfeeding rates. Smartphones are almost ubiquitous in Vietnam and of the potential to provide information about breastfeeding. This study aimed to document the process of designing and developing a mobile app to increase breastfeeding rates in Vietnamese women. METHODS We used a four-step mixed methods approach with a literature review, formative research (22 in-depth interviews and 49 self-administered online questionnaires), and testing of prototype apps (3 focus groups discussion and external experts). Formative research and focus group discussion involved 99 participants. Finally, the revisions of the app were tested. All of the formative research was undertaken in Hanoi in 2019-2020. Target behaviors followed by key determinants, to improve breastfeeding self-efficacy were studied and this information was then applied in developing the messages and library content. Barriers and facilitators to breastfeeding were identified from literature reviews and qualitative research. The messages were targeted at not only mothers but also included fathers, mothers-in-law, or families. RESULTS Mothers were mostly concerned about the initiation of breastfeeding, preventing and reducing difficulties encountered during breastfeeding, and nutrition for breastfeeding mothers. Mental health and well-being in the postnatal period are also concerns. Three key features to be included in the app were identified from the formative research: (1) notifications; (2) an information library; and (3) a searching function. The research found that the app should be installed during pregnancy rather than after delivery (81% vs 17%, respectively). Notifications that convey breastfeeding messages should be sent 2-3 times per week. CONCLUSION The development of the app followed a best practice approach, including the involvement of stakeholders and grounding in behavior change theory. The next step is to evaluate the effectiveness of the BeBo mobile app in a well-conducted randomized controlled trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION ACTRN12619000531112.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thuy Duong Doan
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Behaviour and Health Education, Hanoi University of Public Health, 1A Duc Thang Street, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi, 10000 Vietnam
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102 Australia
| | - Trung Chuyen Tran
- Faculty of Information Technology, Department of Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, 18 Vien Street - Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi, 10000 Vietnam
| | - Ngoc Minh Pham
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102 Australia
- Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen City, 250000 Vietnam
| | - Yun Zhao
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102 Australia
| | - Thi Phuong Hoa Dinh
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Behaviour and Health Education, Hanoi University of Public Health, 1A Duc Thang Street, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi, 10000 Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Xuan Hoai
- Faculty of Information Technology, HUTECH University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000 Vietnam
| | - Andy Lee
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102 Australia
| | - Colin Binns
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102 Australia
| | - Thi Thu Ha Bui
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Behaviour and Health Education, Hanoi University of Public Health, 1A Duc Thang Street, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi, 10000 Vietnam
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Mufdlilah M, Kusuma NI, Suryaningsih EK. Mother's Experience with COVID-19 in Breastfeeding: A Phenomenological Study. SAGE Open Nurs 2023; 9:23779608231172360. [PMID: 37187547 PMCID: PMC10176538 DOI: 10.1177/23779608231172360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted mothers' and children's access to essential health services. Concerns about the transmission of COVID-19 to infants resulted in strict procedures, which then caused delays in initial contact and breastfeeding. This delay then impacted the well-being of mothers and babies. Purpose This study aimed to explore the experience of mothers with COVID-19 in breastfeeding. This study was qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. Methods Participants were mothers with a confirmed history of COVID-19 during the breastfeeding period either in 2020, 2021, or 2022. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 21 mothers. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results Three themes were obtained: breastfeeding during the mother was confirmed COVID-19, changes in the mother's condition, and social support received by the mother. Based on this theme, it can be seen that mothers are temporarily separated from their newborns, which causes breastfeeding difficulties. Mothers confirmed to have COVID-19 in 2020 and 2021 appear to have more significant concerns about transmitting COVID-19, as indicated by the mother's decision not to breastfeed and to undergo separate isolation with the baby. Conclusion Mothers need support to continue to breastfeed. The benefits obtained from breastfeeding are far more significant than efforts to prevent transmission by separating mother and baby, so mothers should be encouraged to continue breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mufdlilah Mufdlilah
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas ‘Aisyiyah
Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nur Intan Kusuma
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas ‘Aisyiyah
Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Gavine A, Shinwell SC, Buchanan P, Farre A, Wade A, Lynn F, Marshall J, Cumming SE, Dare S, McFadden A. Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022; 10:CD001141. [PMID: 36282618 PMCID: PMC9595242 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd001141.pub6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is extensive evidence of important health risks for infants and mothers related to not breastfeeding. In 2003, the World Health Organization recommended that infants be breastfed exclusively until six months of age, with breastfeeding continuing as an important part of the infant's diet until at least two years of age. However, current breastfeeding rates in many countries do not reflect this recommendation. OBJECTIVES 1. To describe types of breastfeeding support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies. 2. To examine the effectiveness of different types of breastfeeding support interventions in terms of whether they offered only breastfeeding support or breastfeeding support in combination with a wider maternal and child health intervention ('breastfeeding plus' support). 3. To examine the effectiveness of the following intervention characteristics on breastfeeding support: a. type of support (e.g. face-to-face, telephone, digital technologies, group or individual support, proactive or reactive); b. intensity of support (i.e. number of postnatal contacts); c. person delivering the intervention (e.g. healthcare professional, lay person); d. to examine whether the impact of support varied between high- and low-and middle-income countries. SEARCH METHODS We searched Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth's Trials Register (which includes results of searches of CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP)) (11 May 2021) and reference lists of retrieved studies. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials comparing extra support for healthy breastfeeding mothers of healthy term babies with usual maternity care. Support could be provided face-to-face, over the phone or via digital technologies. All studies had to meet the trustworthiness criteria. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We used standard Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth methods. Two review authors independently selected trials, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias and study trustworthiness. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. MAIN RESULTS This updated review includes 116 trials of which 103 contribute data to the analyses. In total more than 98,816 mother-infant pairs were included. Moderate-certainty evidence indicated that 'breastfeeding only' support probably reduced the number of women stopping breastfeeding for all primary outcomes: stopping any breastfeeding at six months (Risk Ratio (RR) 0.93, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.89 to 0.97); stopping exclusive breastfeeding at six months (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.88 to 0.93); stopping any breastfeeding at 4-6 weeks (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.97); and stopping exclusive breastfeeding at 4-6 (RR 0.83 95% CI 0.76 to 0.90). Similar findings were reported for the secondary breastfeeding outcomes except for any breastfeeding at two months and 12 months when the evidence was uncertain if 'breastfeeding only' support helped reduce the number of women stopping breastfeeding. The evidence for 'breastfeeding plus' was less consistent. For primary outcomes there was some evidence that 'breastfeeding plus' support probably reduced the number of women stopping any breastfeeding (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.91 to 0.97, moderate-certainty evidence) or exclusive breastfeeding at six months (RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.70 to 0.90). 'Breastfeeding plus' interventions may have a beneficial effect on reducing the number of women stopping exclusive breastfeeding at 4-6 weeks, but the evidence is very uncertain (RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.95). The evidence suggests that 'breastfeeding plus' support probably results in little to no difference in the number of women stopping any breastfeeding at 4-6 weeks (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.08, moderate-certainty evidence). For the secondary outcomes, it was uncertain if 'breastfeeding plus' support helped reduce the number of women stopping any or exclusive breastfeeding at any time points. There were no consistent findings emerging from the narrative synthesis of the non-breastfeeding outcomes (maternal satisfaction with care, maternal satisfaction with feeding method, infant morbidity, and maternal mental health), except for a possible reduction of diarrhoea in intervention infants. We considered the overall risk of bias of trials included in the review was mixed. Blinding of participants and personnel is not feasible in such interventions and as studies utilised self-report breastfeeding data, there is also a risk of bias in outcome assessment. We conducted meta-regression to explore substantial heterogeneity for the primary outcomes using the following categories: person providing care; mode of delivery; intensity of support; and income status of country. It is possible that moderate levels (defined as 4-8 visits) of 'breastfeeding only' support may be associated with a more beneficial effect on exclusive breastfeeding at 4-6 weeks and six months. 'Breastfeeding only' support may also be more effective in reducing women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) stopping exclusive breastfeeding at six months compared to women in high-income countries (HICs). However, no other differential effects were found and thus heterogeneity remains largely unexplained. The meta-regression suggested that there were no differential effects regarding person providing support or mode of delivery, however, power was limited. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: When 'breastfeeding only' support is offered to women, the duration and in particular, the exclusivity of breastfeeding is likely to be increased. Support may also be more effective in reducing the number of women stopping breastfeeding at three to four months compared to later time points. For 'breastfeeding plus' interventions the evidence is less certain. Support may be offered either by professional or lay/peer supporters, or a combination of both. Support can also be offered face-to-face, via telephone or digital technologies, or a combination and may be more effective when delivered on a schedule of four to eight visits. Further work is needed to identify components of the effective interventions and to deliver interventions on a larger scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gavine
- Mother and Infant Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Shona C Shinwell
- Mother and Infant Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Albert Farre
- Mother and Infant Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Angela Wade
- Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Fiona Lynn
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Joyce Marshall
- Division of Maternal Health, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Sara E Cumming
- Mother and Infant Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Mother and Infant Research Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Shadrach Dare
- Mother and Infant Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Alison McFadden
- Mother and Infant Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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11
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Do HP, Vo TV, Murray L, Baker PRA, Murray A, Valdebenito S, Eisner M, Tran BX, Luong-Thanh BY, Nguyen LH, Dunne MP. The influence of childhood abuse and prenatal intimate partner violence on childbirth experiences and breastfeeding outcomes. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 131:105743. [PMID: 35738070 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the detrimental effects and life-course health consequences of violence exposure, relatively few studies have adequate capacity to investigate the evolution of violence from childhood to motherhood. OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine the cyclical nature of childhood abuse and prenatal inter-partner violent victimization (p-IPV) and its adverse impact on childbirth trauma and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) practice in Vietnam. METHOD Using a prospective birth cohort, 150 pregnant women were recruited in the third trimester of pregnancy in Hue city in central Vietnam (Wave 1-Baseline) and re-interviewed approximately three months after delivery (Wave 2-Follow-up). The direct and indirect effects of violent victimization on subsequent childbirth experience (measured by Birth Memories and Recall Questionnaire) and EBF practice were estimated by using augmented-inverse-probability-weighted models, sensitivity analysis, and structural equation model. RESULTS Detrimental and prolonged effects of the inter-generational cycle of violence transverse childhood to motherhood. Women who experienced either childhood abuse or p-IPV violence were more likely to experience negative emotional childbirth memories [ARR 1.21, 95 % CI (1.04, 1.39)]. Evidence also suggested that not continuing to exclusively breastfeed at 3 months post-partum was strongly associated with prenatal depression, young age, and perceived low social status during pregnancy. Perceived strong connectedness among extended family members and social networks (i.e. nexus among family, friends, and neighborhood) provided a buffering effect by preventing EBF termination. CONCLUSION This research provides insights into the protective role of social connectedness in improving breastfeeding practice. It is vital to establish wholistic antenatal care and social service system to offer specialized support and response for victims of violence and mitigate the long-term sequelae of traumatic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huyen Phuc Do
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Faculty of Health, School of Public Health and Social Work, Brisbane, Australia; Institute of Health Economics and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Thang Van Vo
- Institute for Community Health Research, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue city, Viet Nam.
| | - Linda Murray
- College of Health Sciences, Massey University, New Zealand.
| | - Philip R A Baker
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Faculty of Health, School of Public Health and Social Work, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Aja Murray
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Sara Valdebenito
- Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Manuel Eisner
- Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Bach Xuan Tran
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam; Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Bao-Yen Luong-Thanh
- Institute for Community Health Research, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue city, Viet Nam.
| | - Lan Hoang Nguyen
- Institute for Community Health Research, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue city, Viet Nam.
| | - Michael P Dunne
- Institute for Community Health Research, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City, Viet Nam; Australian Centre for Health Law Research, Faculty of Business and Law, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Australia.
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12
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Doan TTD, Pham NM, Zhao Y, Dinh TPH, Bui TTH, Lee A, Binns C. Breastfeeding and the COVID-19 Epidemic in Vietnam. Asia Pac J Public Health 2022; 34:411-412. [PMID: 35450443 DOI: 10.1177/10105395221095893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thuy Duong Doan
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc Minh Pham
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
| | - Yun Zhao
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Thi Phuong Hoa Dinh
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Thu Ha Bui
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Andy Lee
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Colin Binns
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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13
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The Broad Spectrum and Continuing Needs of Women's Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031446. [PMID: 35162461 PMCID: PMC8835007 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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14
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Duong DTT, Binns C, Lee A, Zhao Y, Pham NM, Hoa DTP, Ha BTT. Intention to Exclusively Breastfeed Is Associated with Lower Rates of Cesarean Section for Nonmedical Reasons in a Cohort of Mothers in Vietnam. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19020884. [PMID: 35055705 PMCID: PMC8776101 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background: Breastfeeding brings benefits to both mothers and children in the short term and long term. Unnecessary cesarean sections can bring risks to both parties. This study was undertaken to examine the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding intention and cesarean delivery. Methods: We analyzed data collected from 554 single mothers who delivered in Dong Anh General District Hospital or Hanoi Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Vietnam, in 2020–2021. The relationship between exclusive breastfeeding intention and cesarean delivery for nonmedical reasons was adjusted for maternal education, maternal age, parity, history of fetal loss, having at least eight antenatal contacts, hospital of delivery, child sex, and birth weight. Results: Antenatally, 34.8% (184/529) of mothers intended to breastfeed exclusively until 6 months and 30.8% (84/274) underwent cesarean section for a nonmedical reason. After adjusting for other factors, mothers who intended to breastfeed exclusively until 6 months were less likely to undergo cesarean delivery for nonmedical reasons (OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.31–0.96, p = 0.034). Conclusions: This study adds to the growing evidence related to unnecessary cesarean sections and routine over-medicalization of normal birth in the urban areas of Vietnam. The association between breastfeeding intentions and a lower rate of cesarean section suggests that education on breastfeeding could be a useful intervention for reducing the rate of cesarean sections and improving maternal and child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doan Thi Thuy Duong
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Behavior and Health Education, Hanoi University of Public Health, 1A Duc Thang Street, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (D.T.T.D.); (B.T.T.H.)
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; (A.L.); (Y.Z.); (N.M.P.)
| | - Colin Binns
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; (A.L.); (Y.Z.); (N.M.P.)
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (D.T.P.H.)
| | - Andy Lee
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; (A.L.); (Y.Z.); (N.M.P.)
| | - Yun Zhao
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; (A.L.); (Y.Z.); (N.M.P.)
| | - Ngoc Minh Pham
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; (A.L.); (Y.Z.); (N.M.P.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen 250000, Vietnam
| | - Dinh Thi Phuong Hoa
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Behavior and Health Education, Hanoi University of Public Health, 1A Duc Thang Street, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (D.T.T.D.); (B.T.T.H.)
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (D.T.P.H.)
| | - Bui Thi Thu Ha
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Behavior and Health Education, Hanoi University of Public Health, 1A Duc Thang Street, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (D.T.T.D.); (B.T.T.H.)
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15
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Seyyedi N, Rahmatnezhad L, Mesgarzadeh M, Khalkhali H, Seyyedi N, Rahimi B. Effectiveness of a smartphone-based educational intervention to improve breastfeeding. Int Breastfeed J 2021; 16:70. [PMID: 34544429 PMCID: PMC8454121 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-021-00417-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is essential during the first six months of life and confers countless benefits to mothers and infants. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a smartphone-based educational intervention to improve new mothers’ breastfeeding for infants younger than six months of age in Urmia, Iran. Methods A randomized controlled trial study was conducted from January to December 2019 with 40 new mothers and their first child aged < 3 months, assigned to the intervention (mobile app education + routine care) and control groups (routine care). The mean age of infants was 1.25 and 0.98 months for each group consequently. The designed app content categorized according to seven sections (the importance of breastfeeding, behavioral methods, complementary feeding and EBF, pumping and manual expression, managing common breast-related and breastfeeding problems, breastfeeding tips in special situations, and common queries) for educating the required knowledge to nursing mothers. Results Forty mothers were assessed for primary outcomes in each group. At three months, the mothers’ knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) had meaningful differences in the intervention group compared to the control group. In the intervention group, the degree of changes in knowledge and attitude were 5.67 ± 0.94 and 8.75 ± 1.37 respectively more than the control group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001). However, this amount for the practice score was 0.8 ± 0.49 which is considered to be marginally significant (p = 0.063). During the study, the mothers’ breastfeeding self-efficacy showed significant progress in favor of the intervention group. The score enhancement was 26.85 ± 7.13 for the intervention group and only 0.40 ± 5.17 for the control group that was confirmed to be significant (p < 0.001). Conclusion The smartphone-based app for educating new mothers on breastfeeding had a significantly positive effect on breastfeeding self-efficacy and maternal KAP. In future studies, the intervention can be tested in both prenatal and postpartum periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navisa Seyyedi
- Student Research Committee, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,School of Allied Medical Sciences, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Leili Rahmatnezhad
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Maryam Mesgarzadeh
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Negisa Seyyedi
- Nursing Care Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahlol Rahimi
- School of Allied Medical Sciences, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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16
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Binns CW, Lee MK, Maycock B, Torheim LE, Nanishi K, Duong DTT. Climate Change, Food Supply, and Dietary Guidelines. Annu Rev Public Health 2021; 42:233-255. [PMID: 33497266 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-012420-105044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Food production is affected by climate change, and, in turn, food production is responsible for 20-30% of greenhouse gases. The food system must increase output as the population increases and must meet nutrition and health needs while simultaneously assisting in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Good nutrition is important for combatting infection, reducing child mortality, and controlling obesity and chronic disease throughout the life course. Dietary guidelines provide advice for a healthy diet, and the main principles are now well established and compatible with sustainable development. Climate change will have a significant effect on food supply; however, with political commitment and substantial investment, projected improvements will be sufficient to provide food for the healthy diets needed to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. Some changes will need to be made to food production, nutrient content will need monitoring, and more equitable distribution is required to meet the dietary guidelines. Increased breastfeeding rates will improve infant and adult health while helping to reduce greenhouse gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin W Binns
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia;
| | - Mi Kyung Lee
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia;
| | - Bruce Maycock
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, United Kingdom.,Asia-Pacific Academic Consortium of Public Health (APACPH), APACPH KL Secretariat Office, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
| | - Liv Elin Torheim
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, NO-0130 Oslo, Norway,
| | - Keiko Nanishi
- Office of International Academic Affairs, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
| | - Doan Thi Thuy Duong
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Behavior and Health Education, Hanoi University of Public Health, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
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17
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Breastfeeding in China: A Review of Changes in the Past Decade. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17218234. [PMID: 33171798 PMCID: PMC7664678 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes breastfeeding rates in China reported during the decade 2007-2018, a decade on from our previous review published in 2007. Compared with the studies undertaken before 2007 in China, recent studies are more likely to report breastfeeding rates using longer periods of observation, enabling rates to be summarized to six and 12 months postpartum in this review. There appears to have been a modest increase in breastfeeding in China. The mean duration of "any breastfeeding" was 10 months (9 to 11 months in the majority of cities), an increase compared with the previous review in which the mean of "any breastfeeding" duration was 8 months (7 to 9 months in the majority of cities). Using data from cohort studies, the proportion of infants being breastfed at 4 months increased from 78% in the earlier decade to 83% more recently. A second baby is usually breastfed for longer than the first, considering both "any" and "exclusive breastfeeding". China is a huge country and there is considerable diversity in culture, level of economic development, education and breastfeeding rates in different areas of China, but our review suggests that there has been some improvement in the "any breastfeeding" rate in the most recent decade.
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