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Yatoo AM, Hamid B, Sheikh TA, Ali S, Bhat SA, Ramola S, Ali MN, Baba ZA, Kumar S. Global perspective of municipal solid waste and landfill leachate: generation, composition, eco-toxicity, and sustainable management strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:23363-23392. [PMID: 38443532 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32669-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Globally, more than 2 billion tonnes of municipal solid waste (MSW) are generated each year, with that amount anticipated to reach around 3.5 billion tonnes by 2050. On a worldwide scale, food and green waste contribute the major proportion of MSW, which accounts for 44% of global waste, followed by recycling waste (38%), which includes plastic, glass, cardboard, and paper, and 18% of other materials. Population growth, urbanization, and industrial expansion are the principal drivers of the ever-increasing production of MSW across the world. Among the different practices employed for the management of waste, landfill disposal has been the most popular and easiest method across the world. Waste management practices differ significantly depending on the income level. In high-income nations, only 2% of waste is dumped, whereas in low-income nations, approximately 93% of waste is burned or dumped. However, the unscientific disposal of waste in landfills causes the generation of gases, heat, and leachate and results in a variety of ecotoxicological problems, including global warming, water pollution, fire hazards, and health effects that are hazardous to both the environment and public health. Therefore, sustainable management of MSW and landfill leachate is critical, necessitating the use of more advanced techniques to lessen waste production and maximize recycling to assure environmental sustainability. The present review provides an updated overview of the global perspective of municipal waste generation, composition, landfill heat and leachate formation, and ecotoxicological effects, and also discusses integrated-waste management approaches for the sustainable management of municipal waste and landfill leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohd Yatoo
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Basharat Hamid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Tahir Ahmad Sheikh
- Faculty of Agriculture, SKUAST-Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, Wadura, 193201, India
| | - Shafat Ali
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sartaj Ahmad Bhat
- River Basin Research Centre, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Japan
- Waste Re-Processing Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Sudipta Ramola
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Md Niamat Ali
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Zahoor Ahmad Baba
- Faculty of Agriculture, SKUAST-Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, Wadura, 193201, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Waste Re-Processing Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India
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Zlati ML, Georgescu LP, Iticescu C, Ionescu RV, Antohi VM. New Approach to Modelling the Impact of Heavy Metals on the European Union's Water Resources. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:45. [PMID: 36612367 PMCID: PMC9819128 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The present research aims to address the highly topical issue of heavy metal water pollution from an integrated European perspective, i.e., to quantify through modelling a general model of water pollution reduction in the EU. The objectives of the study are mainly aimed at identifying effective solutions to reduce heavy metal water pollution and providing supranational decision-makers with public policy directions in the field. The research methods consist of the foundation of working hypotheses based on the study of the literature, the consolidation of official statistical databases in the field, econometric modelling and the conceptualisation of a general model and its testing and validation by statistical methods. The results of the analysis consist of the following marginal contributions: the identification of a general model for combating heavy metal pollution; the calculation of the degree of contribution of regional policies to the general model; and the identification of effective solutions to improve the combating of heavy metal water pollution in Europe. The main conclusion of the analysis shows that significant progress has been achieved at the EU level in the field of combating heavy metal water pollution. However, the level of disparity and poor policy coordination are real vulnerabilities for the EU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Laura Zlati
- Department of Business Administration, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 800001 Galați, Romania
| | - Lucian Puiu Georgescu
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, REXDAN Research Infrastructure, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 800008 Galați, Romania
| | - Catalina Iticescu
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, REXDAN Research Infrastructure, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 800008 Galați, Romania
| | - Romeo Victor Ionescu
- Department of Administrative Sciences and Regional Studies, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 800201 Galați, Romania
| | - Valentin Marian Antohi
- Department of Business Administration, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 800001 Galați, Romania
- Department of Finance, Accounting and Economic Theory, Transylvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brașov, Romania
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Ibrahim MA, Lönnermark A, Hogland W. Safety at waste and recycling industry: Detection and mitigation of waste fire accidents. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 141:271-281. [PMID: 35158312 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, NASA's VIIRS (Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite) fire hotspots and data of the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency (MSB), collected between 2012 and 2018, was integrated to characterize waste fire incidents that were detected by VIIRS and reported to MSB (DaR), detected by VIIRS but not reported to MSB (DbNR) and that are reported to MSB but not detected by VIIRS (RbND). Results show that the average number of open waste fire incidents per million capita per year (AFIPMC) in Sweden, for the period 2012-2018, ranges from 2.4 to 4.7. Although a weak correlation exists (r = 0.44, P = 0.1563, one tailed) between years and number of fire incidents (MSB + VIIRS fires), a continuous increase in number of fire incidents was recorded between 2014 and 2018. It is concluded that the use of satellite data of fire anomalies, in-combination with the use of incident reports, will help in formalizing more reliable and comprehensive waste fire statistics. Another focus area of the article is to consolidate the recommendations and routines for safe storage of waste and biofuels and to present the lessons that can be learnt from past fire incidents. The article also discusses the technical, political, economic, social, and practical aspects of waste fires and provide a baseline for future research and experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - William Hogland
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Sweden.
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