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Boecker H, Daamen M, Kunz L, Geiß M, Müller M, Neuss T, Henschel L, Stirnberg R, Upadhyay N, Scheef L, Martin JA, Stöcker T, Radbruch A, Attenberger U, Axmacher N, Maurer A. Hippocampal subfield plasticity is associated with improved spatial memory. Commun Biol 2024; 7:271. [PMID: 38443439 PMCID: PMC10914736 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05949-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise studies are generally underrepresented in young adulthood. Seventeen subjects were randomized into an intervention group (24.2 ± 3.9 years; 3 trainings/week) and 10 subjects into a passive control group (23.7 ± 4.2 years), over a duration of 6 months. Every two months, performance diagnostics, computerized spatial memory tests, and 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging were conducted. Here we find that the intervention group, compared to controls, showed increased cardiorespiratory fitness, spatial memory performance and subregional hippocampal volumes over time. Time-by-condition interactions occurred in right cornu ammonis 4 body and (trend only) dentate gyrus, left hippocampal tail and left subiculum. Increases in spatial memory performance correlated with hippocampal body volume changes and, subregionally, with left subicular volume changes. In conclusion, findings support earlier reports of exercise-induced subregional hippocampal volume changes. Such exercise-related plasticity may not only be of interest for young adults with clinical disorders of hippocampal function, but also for sedentary normal cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Boecker
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Marcel Daamen
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lukas Kunz
- Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Melanie Geiß
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Moritz Müller
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Neuss
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Leonie Henschel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Stirnberg
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Neeraj Upadhyay
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lukas Scheef
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jason A Martin
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tony Stöcker
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Radbruch
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrike Attenberger
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nikolai Axmacher
- Department of Neuropsychology, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Angelika Maurer
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany
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Li J, Huang Z, Si W, Shao T. The Effects of Physical Activity on Positive Emotions in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14185. [PMID: 36361067 PMCID: PMC9657539 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positive emotions help children and adolescents develop good personalities and interpersonal relationships. Evidence shows that participation in physical activity is associated with positive emotions in young people. However, there is still a lack of studies on the effects of physical activity on positive emotions in children and adolescents. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the effects of physical activity on positive emotions in children and adolescents. METHODS Online databases (Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, and APA PsycInfo) were searched from inception to August 2022. RESULT A total of 24 articles were eventually included representing 3907 participants from 14 different countries. Overall, the effect of physical activity interventions on positive emotions was significant. The studies revealed that positive emotions were statistically better in the physical activity participation group than in the control group without physical activity (SMD = 0.62, 95% CI: (0.24, 1.01), (p < 0.01). Based on subgroup analyses, we found that participation in aerobic exercise for 30-60 min in adolescents aged ≥12 years had a more significant intervention effect on positive emotions. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that the moods of children and adolescents who participate in physical activity significantly improved compared with the moods of those who do not participate in physical activity. The age, exercise type, and exercise duration of adolescents are important factors influencing the positive emotions resulting from physical activity interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Li
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Zan Huang
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Wenna Si
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Tianyi Shao
- College of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
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Song JS, Yamada Y, Kataoka R, Wong V, Spitz RW, Bell ZW, Loenneke JP. Training-induced hypoalgesia and its potential underlying mechanisms. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 141:104858. [PMID: 36096206 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
It is well-established that a single bout of exercise can reduce pain sensitivity (i.e., exercise-induced hypoalgesia) in healthy individuals. However, exercise-induced hypoalgesia is often impaired in individuals with chronic pain. This might suggest that repeated bouts of exercise (i.e., exercise training) are needed in order to induce a reduction in pain sensitivity (i.e., training-induced hypoalgesia) among individuals with chronic pain, given that a single bout of exercise seems to be insufficient to alter pain. However, the effect of repeated bouts of exercise on pain sensitivity and its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to provide an overview of the existing literature on training-induced hypoalgesia, as well as discuss potential mechanisms of training-induced hypoalgesia and offer considerations for future research. Existing literature suggests that training interventions may induce hypoalgesic adaptations potentially driven by central nervous system and immune system factors. However, the limited number of randomized controlled trials available, along with the lack of understanding of underlying mechanisms, provides a rationale for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Seob Song
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management. Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, The University of Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Yujiro Yamada
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management. Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, The University of Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Ryo Kataoka
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management. Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, The University of Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Vickie Wong
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management. Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, The University of Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Robert W Spitz
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management. Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, The University of Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Zachary W Bell
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management. Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, The University of Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Jeremy P Loenneke
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management. Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, The University of Mississippi, MS, USA.
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Upadhyay N, Schörkmaier T, Maurer A, Claus J, Scheef L, Daamen M, Martin JA, Stirnberg R, Radbruch A, Attenberger U, Stöcker T, Boecker H. Regional cortical perfusion increases induced by a 6-month endurance training in young sedentary adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:951022. [PMID: 36034125 PMCID: PMC9407250 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.951022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical inactivity is documented as a health risk factor for chronic diseases, accelerated aging, and cognitive impairment. Physical exercise, on the other hand, plays an important role in healthy aging by promoting positive muscular, cardiovascular, and central nervous system adaptions. Prior studies on the effects of exercise training on cerebral perfusion have focused largely on elderly cohorts or patient cohorts, while perfusion effects of exercise training in young sedentary adults have not yet been fully assessed. Therefore, the present study examined the physiological consequence of a 6-month endurance exercise training on brain perfusion in 28 young sedentary adults randomly assigned to an intervention group (IG; regular physical exercise) or a control group (CG; without physical exercise). The IG performed an extensive running interval training three times per week over 6 months. Performance diagnostics and MRI were performed every 2 months, and training intensity was adapted individually. Brain perfusion measurements with pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling were analyzed using the standard Oxford ASL pipeline. A significant interaction effect between group and time was found for right superior temporal gyrus (STG) perfusion, driven by an increase in the IG and a decrease in the CG. Furthermore, a significant time effect was observed in the right middle occipital region in the IG only. Perfusion increases in the right STG, in the ventral striatum, and in primary motor areas were significantly associated with increases in maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max). Overall, this study identified region-specific increases in local perfusion in a cohort of young adults that partly correlated with individual performance increases, hence, suggesting exercise dose dependency. Respective adaptations in brain perfusion are discussed in the context of physical exercise-induced vascular plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Upadhyay
- Clinical Functional Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Angelika Maurer
- Clinical Functional Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jannik Claus
- Clinical Functional Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lukas Scheef
- Clinical Functional Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcel Daamen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jason A. Martin
- Clinical Functional Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Radbruch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrike Attenberger
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tony Stöcker
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Henning Boecker
- Clinical Functional Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
- *Correspondence: Henning Boecker,
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Li X, Yu H, Yang N. The mediating role of resilience in the effects of physical exercise on college students' negative emotions during the COVID-19 epidemic. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24510. [PMID: 34972833 PMCID: PMC8720086 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04336-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its suddenness and unpredictability, COVID-19 caused strife and effects on public mental health, resulting in a surge of negative emotions. The study explores the relationship between physical exercise and negative emotions in home-based college students during the COVID-19 epidemic, as well as the mediating role of resilience, thus providing a new basis for understanding the role of physical exercise in improving negative emotions in college students; A total of 1214 college students were investigated with the Physical Exercise Questionnaire, Negative Emotion Scale and Resilience Scale; Both physical exercise and resilience were significantly negatively correlated with negative emotions in college students (r = - 0.25, - 0.33, P < 0.001), and there was a significant positive correlation between physical exercise and resilience (r = 0.47, P < 0.001). Physical exercise had a direct effect on the negative emotions of college students (β = - 0.14, P < 0.001). Resilience had a partial mediating effect between physical exercise and the negative emotions of the college students, with a mediating effect value of 0.14 and a mediating effect contribution rate of 50.00%; The study found that physical exercise not only directly affected the negative emotions of college students but also improved their resilience by slowing down their negative emotions and promoting their mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuening Li
- CNRS, Brain and Cognition Research Center (CerCo), Université de Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France.
| | - Huasen Yu
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Institute of Physical Education, Shandong Youth University of Political Science, Jinan, China.
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Carter T, Pascoe M, Bastounis A, Morres ID, Callaghan P, Parker AG. The effect of physical activity on anxiety in children and young people: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2021; 285:10-21. [PMID: 33618056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is emerging evidence that physical activity can have beneficial effects on anxiety. A comprehensive synthesis of the evidence of the anxiolytic effects of physical activity from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in children and young people (CYP) is warranted. METHODS A search of 13 databases was conducted to identify RCTs testing the effects of physical activity on anxiety symptoms in children and young people (up to 25 years). Screening, data extraction and risk of bias assessment (using the Cochrane Collaboration tool for assessing risk of bias) were independently undertaken by two study authors. The primary analysis used a random effects model to compare the effect of physical activity interventions to no intervention or minimal intervention control conditions on state anxiety, assessed using validated, self-report measures. RESULTS Of the 3590 articles retrieved, 22 RCTs were included, with nine included in the primary meta-analysis. The overall standardised mean difference was 0.54 (95% CI -0.796, -0.28), representing a moderate improvement in state anxiety, compared to no intervention or minimal intervention control conditions. Physical activity was also found to produce significantly superior effects on state anxiety when compared to a time and attention-controlled group. LIMITATIONS The studies are of low quality overall, and there are a limited number of studies included in the meta-analyses therefore limiting the precision of results. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity may be a useful approach to addressing anxiety symptoms in children and young people, however, further trials of clinical populations are required to determine the effectiveness of physical activity as a treatment of anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Carter
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom.
| | - Michaela Pascoe
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Australia
| | - Anastasios Bastounis
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ioannis D Morres
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Greece
| | - Patrick Callaghan
- School of Applied Sciences, London Southbank University, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra G Parker
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health and Orygen, University of Melbourne, Australia
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Aparicio VA, Flor-Alemany M, Marín-Jiménez N, Coll-Risco I, Aranda P. A 16-week concurrent exercise program improves emotional well-being and emotional distress in middle-aged women: the FLAMENCO project randomized controlled trial. Menopause 2021; 28:764-771. [PMID: 33739319 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the influence of a supervised concurrent exercise program on emotional well-being and emotional distress in middle-aged women. METHODS This randomized controlled trial included 150 middle-aged women recruited for the FLAMENCO project. Participants were allocated into counseling (n = 75) or exercise (n = 75) groups. The counseling group attended conferences on healthy lifestyle (including diet and physical activity topics). The exercise group followed a 60-min concurrent (aerobic + resistance) exercise training 3 days/wk for 16 weeks. Emotional health was assessed with the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) in two diverse timeframes, state (PANAS-S) and trait (PANAS-T) ranging from 10 to 50, where higher scores reflect greater affective emotional health/experience (positive affect subscale) and greater emotional distress (negative affect subscale). The differences between the counseling and exercise groups in PANAS were analyzed by linear regression. RESULTS The total number of women for the per-protocol analyses was 111 divided into the counseling (n = 53) and exercise (n = 58) groups. After adjusting for body mass index and Mediterranean diet adherence, PANAS-S and PANAS-T-positive affect scores increased by 3.81 and 3.02, respectively, in the exercise group whereas they decreased by 0.15 and increased by 0.51 in the counseling group (both, P < 0.05). PANAS-T negative affect decreased by 4.10 in the exercise group whereas only decreased by 0.9 in the counseling group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION A 16-week concurrent exercise program improved emotional experience in middle-aged women. Specifically, women in the exercise group significantly improved their emotional well-being and emotional distress through greater changes in positive affect and negative affect compared with the counseling group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia A Aparicio
- Department of Physiology, "José Mataix Verdú" Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Marta Flor-Alemany
- Department of Physiology, "José Mataix Verdú" Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Nuria Marín-Jiménez
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Irene Coll-Risco
- Department of Physiology, "José Mataix Verdú" Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar Aranda
- Department of Physiology, "José Mataix Verdú" Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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