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Wiora A, Wiora J, Kasprzyk J. Indication Variability of the Particulate Matter Sensors Dependent on Their Location. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:1683. [PMID: 38475219 PMCID: PMC10935032 DOI: 10.3390/s24051683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) suspended in the air significantly impacts human health. Those of anthropogenic origin are particularly hazardous. Poland is one of the countries where the air quality during the heating season is the worst in Europe. Air quality in small towns and villages far from state monitoring stations is often much worse than in larger cities where they are located. Their residents inhale the air containing smoke produced mainly by coal-fired stoves. In the frame of this project, an air quality monitoring network was built. It comprises low-cost PMS7003 PM sensors and ESP8266 microcontrollers with integrated Wi-Fi communication modules. This article presents research results on the influence of the PM sensor location on their indications. It has been shown that the indications from sensors several dozen meters away from each other can differ by up to tenfold, depending on weather conditions and the source of smoke. Therefore, measurements performed by a network of sensors, even of worse quality, are much more representative than those conducted in one spot. The results also indicated the method of detecting a sudden increase in air pollutants. In the case of smokiness, the difference between the mean and median indications of the PM sensor increases even up to 400 µg/m3 over a 5 min time window. Information from this comparison suggests a sudden deterioration in air quality and can allow for quick intervention to protect people's health. This method can be used in protection systems where fast detection of anomalies is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jerzy Kasprzyk
- Department of Measurements and Control Systems, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (A.W.); (J.W.)
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2
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Canals-Angerri A, Lv W, Zhuang X, Shangguan Y, Wang Y, Kong S, Hopke PK, Amato F, Alastuey A, van Drooge BL, Querol X. Evaluation of air quality changes in a Chinese megacity over a 15-year period (2006-2021) using PM 2.5 receptor modelling. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 340:122803. [PMID: 37890692 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Air quality impairment has a massive impact on human health, with atmospheric particulate matter (PM) playing a major role. The People's Republic of China experienced a trend of increasing PM2.5 concentrations from 2000 to 2013. However, after the application of the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan and other related control measures, sharp decreases in air pollutant concentrations were particularly evident in the city of Wuhan (central China). This study analysed major changes in PM2.5 concentrations, composition and source apportionment (using receptor modelling) based on Wuhan's PM2.5 chemical speciation datasets from 2006 to 2007, 2019-2021 and contemporaneous gaseous pollutant values. Average SO2 concentrations decreased by 88%, from the first to the second period, mostly due to measures that reduced coal combustion. However, NO2 only declined by 25%, with policy measures likely being undermined by an increased number of vehicles. PM2.5 concentrations decreased by 65%, with the PM constituents each being affected differently. Coal combustion-related element concentrations, OC, SO42-, NH4+, EC, Cl-, Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, Co and NO3- decreased by 22-90%. Secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) was initially dominated by (NH4)2SO4 (73%) in 2006, but later dominated by NH4NO3 (52%) in 2021. Receptor modelling identified major sources contributing to PM2.5: Mineral, road and desert dust (MRDD), Secondary sulphate (SECS), Secondary nitrate (SECN), Tungsten industry (W), Toxic Elements of Coal (TEC), Iron and Steel (IRONS), Coal Combustion (CC), Residential Heating (RH), Refinery (REF) and Traffic (TRF). In relative proportions, TEC (-83%), SECS (-64%) and SECN (-48%) reduced their contributions to PM2.5 whilst MRDD increased (+62.5%). Thus, the results indicate not only a drastic abatement of PM pollution in Wuhan but also a change in the sources of pollution, which requires further actions to reduce PM2.5 concentrations to health protective values. Secondary PM and fugitive emissions are key components to abate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Canals-Angerri
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
| | - W Lv
- Wuhan Regional Climate Centre, Wuhan, PR China
| | - X Zhuang
- School of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Y Shangguan
- School of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Y Wang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - S Kong
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - P K Hopke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - F Amato
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Alastuey
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - B L van Drooge
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - X Querol
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Kucukkarapinar M, Yay-Pence A, Yildiz Y, Buyukkoruk M, Yaz-Aydin G, Deveci-Bulut TS, Gulbahar O, Senol E, Candansayar S. Psychological outcomes of COVID-19 survivors at sixth months after diagnose: the role of kynurenine pathway metabolites in depression, anxiety, and stress. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2022; 129:1077-1089. [PMID: 35796878 PMCID: PMC9261222 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02525-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in long-term psychiatric symptoms because of the immunologic response to the virus itself as well as fundamental life changes related to the pandemic. This immune response leads to altered tryptophan (TRP)-kynurenine (KYN) pathway (TKP) metabolism, which plays an essential role in the pathophysiology of mental illnesses. We aimed to define TKP changes as a potential underlying mechanism of psychiatric disorders in post-COVID-19 patients. We measured plasma levels of several TKP markers, including KYN, TRP, kynurenic acid (KYNA), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), and quinolinic acid (QUIN), as well as the TRP/KYN, KYNA/3-HK, and KYNA/QUIN ratios, in 90 post-COVID-19 patients (on the first day of hospitalization) and 59 healthy controls (on the first admission to the Check-Up Center). An online questionnaire that included the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) was used 6 months after the initial assessment in both groups. A total of 32.2% of participants with COVID-19 showed depressive symptoms, 21.1% exhibited anxiety, and 33.3% had signs of stress at follow-up, while 6.6% of healthy controls exhibited depressive and anxiety symptoms and 18.6% had signs of stress. TRP and 3-HK were negative predictors of anxiety and stress, but KYN positively predicted anxiety and stress. Moreover, TRP negatively predicted depression, while KYNA/3-HK was a negative predictor of anxiety. The correlation between depression, anxiety, and stress and TKP activation in COVID-19 could provide prospective biomarkers, especially the reduction in TRP and 3HK levels and the increase in KYN. Our results suggest that the alteration of TKP is not only a potential biomarker of viral infection-related long-term psychiatric disorders but also that the therapy targets future viral infections related to depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melike Kucukkarapinar
- Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Emniyet Mah., Yenimahalle, 06560, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Aysegul Yay-Pence
- Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Emniyet Mah., Yenimahalle, 06560, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yesim Yildiz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Merve Buyukkoruk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gizem Yaz-Aydin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tuba S Deveci-Bulut
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Gulbahar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esin Senol
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selcuk Candansayar
- Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Emniyet Mah., Yenimahalle, 06560, Ankara, Turkey
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Li Y, Deng H, Wang H, Abbey C, Zheng Y, Chen J, An N, Zhang P, Xiao X, Chu J, Li Y, Cui Y. Building the mental health management system for children post COVID-19 pandemic: an urgent focus in China. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 31:1-4. [PMID: 33755820 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01763-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Hu Deng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology and Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Stanford Center On China's Economy and Institutions, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Cody Abbey
- Stanford Center On China's Economy and Institutions, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Yi Zheng
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxu Chen
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Ning An
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pan Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing First Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahui Chu
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.
| | - Yonghua Cui
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.
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5
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Trógolo MA, Moretti LS, Medrano LA. A nationwide cross-sectional study of workers' mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: Impact of changes in working conditions, financial hardships, psychological detachment from work and work-family interface. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:73. [PMID: 35303966 PMCID: PMC8931581 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00783-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 disease has changed people’s work and income. While recent evidence has documented the adverse impact of these changes on mental health outcomes, most research is focused on frontline healthcare workers and the reported association between income loss and mental health comes from high-income countries. In this study we examine the impact of changes in working conditions and income loss related to the COVID-19 lockdown on workers’ mental health in Argentina. We also explore the role of psychological detachment from work and work-family interaction in mental health.
Methods A total of 1049 participants aged between 18 and 65 who were working before the national lockdown in March 2020 were recruited using a national random telephone survey. Work conditions included: working at the usual workplace during the pandemic, working from home with flexible or fixed schedules, and being unemployed or unable to work due to the pandemic. Measures of financial hardship included income loss and self-reported financial problems related to the outbreak. Work-family interface included measures of work-family conflict (WFC) and family-work conflict (FWC). Mental health outcomes included burnout, life satisfaction, anxiety and depressive symptoms. Data were collected in October 2020. Results Home-based telework under fixed schedules and unemployment impact negatively on mental health. Income loss and particularly self-reported financial problems were also associated with deterioration of mental health. More than half of the participants reported financial problems, and those who became unemployed during the pandemic experienced more often financial problems. Finally, psychological detachment from work positively influenced mental health; WFC and FWC were found to negatively impact on mental health. Conclusions Countries’ policies should focus on supporting workers facing economic hardships and unemployment to ameliorate the COVID-19’ negative impact on mental health. Organisations can protect employees’ mental health by actively encouraging psychological detachment from work and by help managing work-family interface. Longitudinal studies are needed to more thoroughly assess the long-term impact of the COVID-19-related changes in work and economic turndown on mental health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciana Sofía Moretti
- Universidad Siglo 21, Bv. de los Latinos 8555, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina.,Pontifica Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra, Santiago De Los Caballeros, República Dominicana
| | - Leonardo Adrián Medrano
- Universidad Siglo 21, Bv. de los Latinos 8555, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina.,Pontifica Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra, Santiago De Los Caballeros, República Dominicana
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6
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He C, Wang W, Chen Q, Shen Z, Pan E, Sun Z, Lou P, Zhang X. Factors associated with stroke among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in China: a propensity score matched study. Acta Diabetol 2021; 58:1513-1523. [PMID: 34125293 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-021-01758-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the prevalence of stroke and associated factors of stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes(T2DM) in China. METHODS Participants were 18,013 T2DM patients recruited with stratified random cluster sampling method from December 2013 to January 2014 in China. Propensity score matching was used to eliminate confounding effects between groups and logistic regression analysis was used to examine factors associated with stroke among T2DM patients. RESULTS Overall, the prevalence of stroke in the subjects with T2DM was 9.5%. After nearest neighbor matching, smoking (OR = 1.60, 95%CI: 1.26-2.03), hypertension (OR = 2.96, 95%CI: 2.55-3.43), dyslipidemia (OR = 2.00, 95%CI: 1.71-2.33), family history of stroke (OR = 2.02, 95%CI: 1.61-2.54), obesity (OR = 1.21, 95%CI: 1.01-1.45) and sleep duration < 6 h/day (OR = 1.44, 95%CI: 1.20-1.73) or > 8 h/day (OR = 1.22, 95%CI: 1.05-1.42) were positively associated with stroke, whereas drinking 1-3 days/week (OR = 0.64, 95%CI: 0.45-0.90) or daily (OR = 0.45, 95%CI: 0.33-0.60), effective exercise (OR = 0.65, 95%CI: 0.57-0.73) and underweight (OR = 0.30, 95%CI: 0.13-0.71) were negatively related to stroke. Besides, the risk of stroke increased substantially with accumulation of above seven modified risk factors. The odds ratio values of stroke in patients having ≥ 5 of the above seven risk factors was 14.39 (95% CI: 8.87-23.26). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of stroke was high among T2DM in China. It is of great significance to strengthen comprehensive management of health-related behaviors including smoking cessation, moderate alcohol consumption, effective exercise, 6-8 h of sleep duration, keeping normal weight and the prevention of hypertension and dyslipidemia to have sustained beneficial effects on improvements of stroke risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlu He
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qian Chen
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziyuan Shen
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Enchun Pan
- Huai´an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huai´an, 223001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongming Sun
- Huai´an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huai´an, 223001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peian Lou
- Xuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xunbao Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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7
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Trott M, Smith L, Xiao T, Veronese N, Koyanagi A, Jacob L, Lopez-Sanchez GF, Barnett Y, Pardhan S. Hearing impairment and diverse health outcomes : An umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2021; 133:1028-1041. [PMID: 34159450 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-021-01893-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, it is estimated that approximately 1.3 billion people live with some form of hearing impairment. Major causes of hearing loss include infection/disease, age-related factors, and occupational factors. Numerous systematic reviews and meta-analyses have attempted to synthesise literature on these topics. To date there has not been a systematic evaluation of the relationships between hearing impairment and diverse physical, mental, and social outcomes. OBJECTIVE We performed an umbrella review of systematic reviews of observational studies with meta-analyses for any physical disease, biomarkers of disease, mental health or cognitive outcomes, and/or modifiable risk factors associated with hearing impairment. METHODS For each meta-analytic association, random effects summary effect size, 95% confidence intervals, heterogeneity, evidence for small-study effect, excess significance bias and 95% prediction intervals were calculated, and risk of bias was assessed via the AMSTAR2 tool. These were used to grade significant evidence (p < 0.05) from I to IV, using the recommendations from the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria. RESULTS From 3747 studies, 21 were included covering 54 outcomes. Overall, 44/54 outcomes (82%) yielded significant results. Of the highest quality evidence, age-related hearing loss and non-specific hearing impairment were negatively associated with several types of cognitive impairments; pediatric bilateral hearing loss was negatively associated with quality of life, sensorineural hearing loss was positively associated with rheumatoid arthritis and tinnitus was positively associated with temporomandibular disorders. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE Results show moderate quality evidence for associations between several types of hearing impairments and cognitive difficulties, quality of life and systemic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Practitioners and public health policies should note these findings when developing relevant healthcare policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Trott
- Vision and Eye Research Institute (VERI), School of Medicine, Anglia Ruskin University, Young Street, CB1 2LZ, Cambridge, UK.,The Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, CB1 1PT, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lee Smith
- The Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, CB1 1PT, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Tao Xiao
- College of Mathematics and Statistics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain.,Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Louis Jacob
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 78180, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Guillermo F Lopez-Sanchez
- Vision and Eye Research Institute (VERI), School of Medicine, Anglia Ruskin University, Young Street, CB1 2LZ, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Shahina Pardhan
- Vision and Eye Research Institute (VERI), School of Medicine, Anglia Ruskin University, Young Street, CB1 2LZ, Cambridge, UK
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8
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Mukaetova-Ladinska EB, Kronenberg G. Psychological and neuropsychiatric implications of COVID-19. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 271:235-248. [PMID: 33221936 PMCID: PMC7680256 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-020-01210-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 infections have spread quickly, resulting in massive healthcare burden to societies worldwide. The most urgent interventions needed in the present climate include epidemiological measures to reduce the spread of infection, efficient treatment of patients with severe illness to reduce mortality rates, as well as development of diagnostic tests. Alongside this, the acute, medium, and long-term mental-health consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak for patients, their family members, medical professionals, and the public at large should not be underestimated. Here, we draw on evidence from previous coronavirus outbreaks (i.e., SARS, MERS) and emerging evidence from China, Europe, Asia and the US to synthesize the current knowledge regarding the psychological and neuropsychiatric implications of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Mukaetova-Ladinska
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
- The Evington Centre, Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust, Gwendolen Road, Leicester, LE5 4QF, Leicestershire, UK.
| | - G Kronenberg
- College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield, Groby Road, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK
- Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust, Farm Lodge, Farm Drive, Leicester, LE3 9Q4, UK
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9
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Marelli S, Castelnuovo A, Somma A, Castronovo V, Mombelli S, Bottoni D, Leitner C, Fossati A, Ferini-Strambi L. Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on sleep quality in university students and administration staff. J Neurol 2021; 268:8-15. [PMID: 32654065 PMCID: PMC7353829 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10056-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In Italy, lockdown due to COVID-19 health emergency started on March 10 and partially ended on May 3rd, 2020. There was a significant increase of psychological distress and symptoms of mental illness, and worsening of quality of sleep in the general population. METHODS Participants completed an anonymous web-based survey that include questionnaires about sleep and anxiety and depression symptoms. Our sample included 400 subjects: 307 students (mean age 22.84 ± 2.68) and 93 university administration staff workers (mean age 37.02 ± 12.46). RESULTS we found an increase in Bed Time hour, Sleep Latency, and Wake-Up time between before and during COVID-19 emergency and a worsening of sleep quality and of insomnia symptoms. In particular, during the lockdown, the impact of the delay in Bed Time and in Wake-Up was more pronounced in students. In workers, we observed a prevalence of maintenance insomnia before COVID-19 of 24% that significantly increase during COVID-19 reaching 40%, while workers with difficulties in sleep initiation were only 15% that increased to 42%. In our sample, 27.8% showed depressive symptoms, while 34.3% showed anxious symptoms, in particular in students. CONCLUSION The impact of lockdown was greater in students than in workers, and in females than in males. Concerning the psycho-emotional aspects, about one-third of our sample showed depressive or anxious symptoms. The results of our study may provide support for the implementation of some interventions for well-being in pandemic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Marelli
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology–Sleep Disorders Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy ,Faculty of Psychology, “Vita-Salute” San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Castelnuovo
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology–Sleep Disorders Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Somma
- Faculty of Psychology, “Vita-Salute” San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenza Castronovo
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology–Sleep Disorders Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Samantha Mombelli
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology–Sleep Disorders Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Bottoni
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology–Sleep Disorders Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Leitner
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology–Sleep Disorders Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Fossati
- Faculty of Psychology, “Vita-Salute” San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Ferini-Strambi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology–Sleep Disorders Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy ,Faculty of Psychology, “Vita-Salute” San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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