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Mohsen M, Ismail S, Yuan X, Yu Z, Lin C, Yang H. Sea cucumber physiological response to abiotic stress: Emergent contaminants and climate change. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 928:172208. [PMID: 38583632 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The ocean is facing a multitude of abiotic stresses due to factors such as climate change and pollution. Understanding how organisms in the ocean respond to these global changes is vital to better predicting consequences. Sea cucumbers are popular echinoderms with multiple ecological, nutritional, and pharmaceutical benefits. Here, we reviewed the effects of environmental change on an ecologically important echinoderm of the ocean, aiming to understand their response better, which could facilitate healthy culture programs under environmental changes and draw attention to knowledge gaps. After screening articles from the databases, 142 studies were included on the influence of emergent contaminants and climate variation on the early developmental stages and adults of sea cucumbers. We outlined the potential mechanism underlying the physiological response of sea cucumbers to emerging contaminants and climate change. It can be concluded that the physiological response of sea cucumbers to emergent contaminants differs from their response to climate change. Sea cucumbers could accumulate pollutants in their organs but are aestivated when exposed to extreme climate change. Research showed that the physiological response of sea cucumbers to pollutants indicates that these pollutants impair critical physiological processes, particularly during the more susceptible early phases of development compared to adults, and the accumulation of these pollutants in adults is often observed. For climate change, sea cucumbers showed gradual adaptation to the slight variation. However, sea cucumbers undergo aestivation under extreme conditions. Based on this review, critical suggestions for future research are presented, and we call for more efforts focusing on the co-occurrence of different stressors to extend the knowledge regarding the effects of environmental changes on these economically and ecologically important species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mohsen
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Department of Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt.
| | - Sherif Ismail
- Environmental Engineering Department, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, 44519, Egypt; Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Xiutang Yuan
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Zonghe Yu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenggang Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hongsheng Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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Jenzri M, Gharred C, Bouraoui Z, Guerbej H, Jebali J, Gharred T. Assessment of single and combined effects of bisphenol-A and its analogue bisphenol-S on biochemical and histopathological responses of sea cucumber Holothuria poli. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 188:106032. [PMID: 37267666 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenols (BPs) are among emerging pollutants that have been frequently detected in different compartments of marine ecosystems and elicited great concern due to their potential toxicity to marine organisms. This work aimed to investigate the toxicity of bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS) on oxidative stress markers, neurotoxicity and histopathological alterations in sea cucumbers (Holothuria poli). The results showed that exposure to 200 μg/L of BPA and BPS produced oxidative stress, neurotoxicity in the digestive tract and respiratory tree, and several types of histopathological lesions in tissues of the respiratory tree of the sea cucumber, posing a health hazard to this aquatic organism. In addition, BPA has greater effects than BPS on the generation of oxidative stress marked by the inductions of catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and neurotoxicity shown by the decrease in acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE). The respiratory tree of sea cucumbers might be an appropriate tissue for assessing CAT, MDA and AChE activity levels, which are reliable biomarkers that may be useful in marine biomonitoring studies. Evaluation of histopathological lesions of the respiratory tree suggests that BPA and BPS and their mixture cause various tissue alterations that may be associated with oxidative stress damage and neurotoxicity. In conclusion, this study showed that oxidative stress (CAT and MDA) and neurotoxicity (AChE) markers, as well as respiratory tree lesions, are sensitive biomarkers for the assessment of BPA and BPS toxicity in sea cucumbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroua Jenzri
- Research Laboratory of Bioresources: Integrative Biology & Valorization (LR 14ES06), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Avenue Tahar Hadded, PB. 74, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Chayma Gharred
- Research Laboratory of Bioresources: Integrative Biology & Valorization (LR 14ES06), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Avenue Tahar Hadded, PB. 74, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Zied Bouraoui
- Laboratory of Blue Biotechnology and Aquatic Bioproducts (B3Aqua), National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, BP 59, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hamadi Guerbej
- Laboratory of Blue Biotechnology and Aquatic Bioproducts (B3Aqua), National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, BP 59, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Jamel Jebali
- Research Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Valorization of Bioresources (LR11ES41), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Avenue Tahar Hadded, PB. 74, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Tahar Gharred
- Research Laboratory of Bioresources: Integrative Biology & Valorization (LR 14ES06), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Avenue Tahar Hadded, PB. 74, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
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de Almeida KA, de Moura FR, Lima JV, Garcia EM, Muccillo-Baisch AL, Ramires PF, Penteado JO, da Luz Mathias M, Dias D, da Silva Júnior FMR. Oxidative damage in the Vesper mouse (Calomys laucha) exposed to a simulated oil spill-a multi-organ study. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 32:502-511. [PMID: 37118609 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02657-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Small wild mammals have been used to measure the damage caused by exposure to oil-contaminated soil, including deer mice. However, the study of toxic effects of crude oil using oxidative damage biomarkers in the wild rodent Calomys laucha (Vesper mouse) is absent. This investigation aimed to evaluate the effects of acute exposure to contaminated soil with different concentrations of crude oil (0, 1, 2, 4 and 8% w/w), simulating an accidental spill, using oxidative stress biomarkers in the liver, kidneys, lungs, testes, paw muscle, and lymphocytes of C. laucha. Animals exposed to the contaminated soil showed increases in lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation at the highest exposure concentrations in most organ homogenates analyzed and also in blood cells, but responses to total antioxidant capacity were tissue-dependent. These results showed that acute exposure to oil-contaminated soil caused oxidative damage in C. laucha and indicate these small mammals may be susceptible to suffer the impacts of such contamination in its occurrence region, threatening the species' survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krissia Aparecida de Almeida
- LEFT - Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, CEP 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Fernando Rafael de Moura
- LEFT - Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, CEP 96203-900, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rua Visconde de Paranaguá, 102, Rio Grande, RS, CEP 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Juliane Ventura Lima
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, CEP 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Edariane Menestrino Garcia
- LEFT - Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, CEP 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Luíza Muccillo-Baisch
- LEFT - Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, CEP 96203-900, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rua Visconde de Paranaguá, 102, Rio Grande, RS, CEP 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Paula Florencio Ramires
- LEFT - Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, CEP 96203-900, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rua Visconde de Paranaguá, 102, Rio Grande, RS, CEP 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Julia Oliveira Penteado
- LEFT - Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, CEP 96203-900, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rua Visconde de Paranaguá, 102, Rio Grande, RS, CEP 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Maria da Luz Mathias
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon & CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Deodália Dias
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon & CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Flavio Manoel Rodrigues da Silva Júnior
- LEFT - Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, CEP 96203-900, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rua Visconde de Paranaguá, 102, Rio Grande, RS, CEP 96203-900, Brazil.
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DeMiguel-Jiménez L, Bilbao D, Prieto A, Reinardy HC, Lekube X, Izagirre U, Marigómez I. The influence of temperature in sea urchin embryo toxicity of crude and bunker oils alone and mixed with dispersant. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 189:114786. [PMID: 36893648 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This investigation deals with how temperature influences oil toxicity, alone or combined with dispersant (D). Larval lengthening, abnormalities, developmental disruption, and genotoxicity were determined in sea urchin embryos for assessing toxicity of low-energy water accommodated fractions (LEWAF) of three oils (NNA crude oil, marine gas oil -MGO-, and IFO 180 fuel oil) produced at 5-25 °C. PAH levels were similar amongst LEWAFs but PAH profiles varied with oil and production temperature. The sum of PAHs was higher in oil-dispersant LEWAFs than in oil LEWAFs, most remarkably at low production temperatures in the cases of NNA and MGO. Genotoxicity, enhanced after dispersant application, varied depending on the LEWAF production temperature in a different way for each oil. Impaired lengthening, abnormalities and developmental disruption were recorded, the severity of the effects varying with oil, dispersant application and LEWAF production temperature. Toxicity, only partially attributed to individual PAHs, was higher at lower LEWAF production temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura DeMiguel-Jiménez
- BCTA Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa, Bizkaia (Basque Country), Spain; BCTA Research Group, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620 Plentzia, Bizkaia (Basque Country), Spain
| | - Dennis Bilbao
- IBeA Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa, Bizkaia (Basque Country), Spain; BCTA Research Group, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620 Plentzia, Bizkaia (Basque Country), Spain
| | - Ailette Prieto
- IBeA Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa, Bizkaia (Basque Country), Spain; BCTA Research Group, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620 Plentzia, Bizkaia (Basque Country), Spain
| | - Helena C Reinardy
- Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Scottish Marine Institute, Dunbeg, Oban, Argyll, PA37 1QA Scotland, United Kingdom; Department of Arctic Technology, The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), PO Box 156, N-9171 Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway
| | - Xabier Lekube
- BCTA Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa, Bizkaia (Basque Country), Spain; BCTA Research Group, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620 Plentzia, Bizkaia (Basque Country), Spain
| | - Urtzi Izagirre
- BCTA Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa, Bizkaia (Basque Country), Spain; BCTA Research Group, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620 Plentzia, Bizkaia (Basque Country), Spain
| | - Ionan Marigómez
- BCTA Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa, Bizkaia (Basque Country), Spain; BCTA Research Group, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620 Plentzia, Bizkaia (Basque Country), Spain.
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5
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Ju Z, Liao G, Zhang Y, Li N, Li X, Zou Y, Yang W, Xiong D. Oxidative stress responses in the respiratory tree and the body wall of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka) to high temperature. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:21288-21298. [PMID: 36269487 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23308-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicas (Selenka) is one of the important aquaculture species distributed in northern China. In recent years, global warming caused frequent high temperature weather in summer in northern China, resulting in dramatic losses of the sea cucumber aquaculture industry. In the present study, we focused on the effect of oxidative stress in Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka) subjected to high temperature stress. Sea cumbers were exposed to the control (16 °C), and high temperature treatments (20 °C, 24 °C, and 28 °C) for 7 days. Then, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, peroxidase (POD) activity, reduced glutathione (GSH) content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) level in the respiratory tree and body wall were detected, respectively. Results showed that 24 °C and 28 °C acute exposure induced the elevation of ROS level, SOD, CAT, POD activities, GSH content, MDA content and 8-OHdG level in the respiratory tree of sea cucumber. In contrast, no significant changes were observed for ROS and 8-OHdG levels in the body wall of sea cucumber, while the antioxidants including SOD, CAT, POD, and GSH decreased to some extent. Moreover, MDA content exhibited a noticeable increase in the body wall, similarly to that in the respiratory tree, indicating that high temperature could induce severe lipid peroxidation in two tissues. Considering the differences in various biomarkers measured in two tissues, respiratory tree might be more susceptible to the high temperature changes compared to the body wall. Our findings may help understand the oxidative stress response to high temperature in the respiratory tree and the body wall in A. japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglei Ju
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Guoxiang Liao
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yulu Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Nan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Xishan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yuhang Zou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Wei Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Deqi Xiong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China.
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Mannai A, Hmida L, Bouraoui Z, Guerbej H, Gharred T, Jebali J. Does thermal stress modulate the biochemical and physiological responses of Ruditapes decussatus exposed to the progestin levonorgestrel? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:85211-85228. [PMID: 35794321 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21786-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of 1000 ng/l levonorgestrel (LNG) alone or combined with increased temperature of 20, 24, and 28 °C on the biochemical and physiological responses of the clam (Ruditapes decussatus) for 28 days. Our results revealed that female clams treated with levonorgestrel (LNG) alone showed enhancement of the antioxidant defense against oxidative stress related to the inductions of catalase (CAT), gluthatione -S -transferase (GST), and protein sulfhydryl (PSH), while the elevated temperatures of 20, 24, and 28 °C diminished most of the specific responses to LNG and was the main factor in the determining the responses to combine exposures. The responses of lysosomal membrane stability, alkaline phosphatase, and NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase detected were the most common signs of an adverse effect in all exposures. Female clams' testosterone and estradiol responses to LNG were the most particular manifestations depending on the exposure. Overall, these findings showed clearly that chronic warming stress caused disruption in physiological, biochemical parameters of the female clam R. decussatus, and this may have implications for the whole organism and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Mannai
- Laboratory of Genetics Biodiversity and Valorization of Bio-resources (LR11ES41), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Leila Hmida
- Research Unit Ecosystems & Aquatic Resources (UR13AGRO1), National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia (INAT), University of Carthage, Charles Nicolle Avenue 43, Mahrajene City, 1082, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Zied Bouraoui
- National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Blue Biotechnology and Aquatic Bioproducts (LR16INSTM05), Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hamadi Guerbej
- National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Blue Biotechnology and Aquatic Bioproducts (LR16INSTM05), Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Tahar Gharred
- Laboratory of Bioresources: Integrative Biology & Valorization (LR 14ES06), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Jamel Jebali
- Laboratory of Genetics Biodiversity and Valorization of Bio-resources (LR11ES41), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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Lombardo J, Solomando A, Cohen-Sánchez A, Pinya S, Tejada S, Ferriol P, Mateu-Vicens G, Box A, Faggio C, Sureda A. Effects of Human Activity on Markers of Oxidative Stress in the Intestine of Holothuria tubulosa, with Special Reference to the Presence of Microplastics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169018. [PMID: 36012278 PMCID: PMC9409208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollution in the seas and oceans is a global problem, which highlights emerging pollutants and plastics, specifically microplastics (MPs), which are tiny (1 μm to 5 mm) ubiquitous plastic particles present in marine environments that can be ingested by a wide range of organisms. Holothurians are benthic organisms that feed on sediment; therefore, they can be exposed to contaminants present in the particles they ingest. The objective was to evaluate the effects of human activity on Holothuria tubulosa through the study of biomarkers. Specimens were collected in three different areas throughout the island of Eivissa, Spain: (1) a highly urbanized area, with tourist uses and a marina; (2) an urbanized area close to the mouth of a torrent; (3) an area devoid of human activity and considered clean. The results showed a higher presence of microplastics (MPs) in the sediments from the highly urbanized area in relation to the other two areas studied. Similarly, a higher number of MPs were observed in the digestive tract of H. tubulosa from the most affected area, decreasing with the degree of anthropic influence. Both in the sediment and in the holothurians, fibers predominated with more than 75% of the items. In the three areas, mesoplastics were analyzed by means of FTIR, showing that the main polymer was polypropylene (27%) followed by low-density polyethylene (17%) and polystyrene (16%). Regarding the biomarkers of oxidative stress, the intestine of H. tubulosa from the most impacted areas showed higher catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GRd), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels compared to the control area. The intermediate area only presented significant differences in GRd and GST with respect to the clean area. The activities of acetylcholinesterase and the levels and malondialdehyde presented similar values in all areas. In conclusion, human activity evaluated with the presence of MPs induced an antioxidant response in H. tubulosa, although without evidence of oxidative damage or neurotoxicity. H. tubulosa, due to its benthic animal characteristics and easy handling, can be a useful species for monitoring purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Lombardo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Antònia Solomando
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress (NUCOX), University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Interdisciplinary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Amanda Cohen-Sánchez
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress (NUCOX), University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Samuel Pinya
- Interdisciplinary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Silvia Tejada
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Pere Ferriol
- Interdisciplinary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Guillem Mateu-Vicens
- Interdisciplinary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antonio Box
- Department of Agricultura, Ramaderia, Pesca, Caça i Cooperació Municipal, Consell Insular d’Eivissa, 07800 Eivissa, Spain
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.F.); (A.S.); Tel.: +39-090-676-5213 (C.F.); +34-971-172-820 (A.S.)
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress (NUCOX), University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.F.); (A.S.); Tel.: +39-090-676-5213 (C.F.); +34-971-172-820 (A.S.)
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González-Durán E, Hernández-Flores Á, Headley MD, Canul JD. On the effects of temperature and pH on tropical and temperate holothurians. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 9:coab092. [PMID: 34925846 PMCID: PMC8677458 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coab092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification and increased ocean heat content has direct and indirect effects on marine organisms such as holothurians (sea cucumbers) that are vulnerable to changes in pH and temperature. These environmental factors have the potential to influence organismal performance and fitness at different life stages. Tropical and temperate holothurians are more vulnerable to temperature and pH than those from colder water environments. The high level of environmental variation observed in the oceans could influence organismal responses and even produce a wide spectrum of compensatory physiological mechanisms. It is possible that in these areas, larval survival will decline by up to 50% in response to a reduction of 0.5 pH units. Such reduction in pH may trigger low intrinsic growth rates and affect the sustainability of the resource. Here we describe the individual and combined effects that temperature and pH could produce in these organisms. We also describe how these effects can scale from individuals to the population level by using age-structured spatial models in which depensation can be integrated. The approach shows how physiology can improve the conservation of the resource based on the restriction of growth model parameters and by including a density threshold, below which the fitness of the population, specifically intrinsic growth rate, decreases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique González-Durán
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Avenida Ing. Humberto Lanz Cárdenas y Fraccionamiento Ecológico Ambiental Siglo XXIII, Colonia, Ex Hacienda Kalá, C.P. 24085, San Francisco de Campeche, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Álvaro Hernández-Flores
- Universidad Marista de Mérida, Periférico Norte Tablaje Catastral 13941, Carretera Mérida-Progreso, C.P. 97300, Mérida Yucatán, México
| | - Maren D Headley
- Caribbean Regional Fisheries Mechanism Secretariat, Princess Margaret Drive, Belize City, P.O Box 642, Belize
| | - José Duarte Canul
- Universidad Marista de Mérida, Periférico Norte Tablaje Catastral 13941, Carretera Mérida-Progreso, C.P. 97300, Mérida Yucatán, México
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