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Fan D, Pan K, Guo J, Liu Z, Zhang C, Zhang J, Qian X, Shen H, Zhao J. Exercise ameliorates fine particulate matter-induced metabolic damage through the SIRT1/AMPKα/PGC1-α/NRF1 signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 245:117973. [PMID: 38145729 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution, particularly fine particulate matter (PM2.5), poses a major threat to human health. Exercise has long been recognized as a beneficial way to maintain physical health. However, there is limited research on whether exercise can mitigate the damage caused by PM2.5 exposure. In this study, the mice were exercised on the IITC treadmill for 1 h per day, then exposed to concentrated PM2.5 for 8 h. After 2, 4 and 6-month exercise and PM2.5 exposure, the glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance were determined. Meanwhile, the corresponding indicators in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT) and skeletal muscle were detected. The results indicated that PM2.5 exposure significantly increased insulin resistance (IR), while exercise effectively attenuated this response. The observations of muscle, BAT and eWAT by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that PM2.5 significantly reduced the number of mitochondria in all of the three tissues mentioned above, and decreased the mitochondrial area in skeletal muscle and BAT. Exercise reversed the changes in mitochondrial area in all of the three tissues, but had no effect on the reduction of mitochondrial number in skeletal muscle. At 2 months, the expressions of Mfn2, Mfn1, OPA1, Drp1 and Fis1 in eWAT of the PM mice showed no significant changes when compared with the corresponding FA mice. However, at 4 months and 6 months, the expression levels of these genes in PM mice were higher than those in the FA mice in skeletal muscle. Exercise intervention significantly reduced the upregulation of these genes induced by PM exposure. The study indicated that PM2.5 may impact mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics by inhibiting the SIRT1/AMPKα/PGC1-α/NRF1 pathway, which further lead to IR, glucose and lipid disorders. However, exercise might alleviate the damages caused by PM2.5 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxia Fan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Pan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; AIDS Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Department, Shangcheng District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianshu Guo
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixiu Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chihang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, China
| | - Xiaolin Qian
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Xuhui District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Heqing Shen
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, China; Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
| | - Jinzhuo Zhao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Wang SY, Chiu CH, Hsu CH, Chou CC, Hsu SM, Shapu LB, Chao TC, Chen CH. Acute Effects of Wearing Different Surgical Face Masks during High-Intensity, Short-Rest Resistance Exercise on Cardiorespiratory and Pulmonary Function and Perceptual Responses in Weightlifters. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11070992. [PMID: 36101371 PMCID: PMC9311899 DOI: 10.3390/biology11070992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of wearing a typical surgical mask (SM) or a three-dimensional (3D) SM (3DSM) during whole-body, high-intensity, short-rest resistance exercise on cardiorespiratory, respiratory, and perceptual comfort responses in weightlifters. Twenty elite weightlifters (6 women and 14 men; age = 24.1 ± 4.9 years; height: 167.45 ± 7.60 cm; body mass = 76.48 ± 19.86 kg) who participated in this study performed 3 resistance exercise sessions in a randomized order: (1) without a mask (NM), (2) while wearing a typical SM, and (3) while wearing a 3DSM. Resistance exercise consisted of a descending pyramid scheme starting at 10 repetitions, with a decrease of one repetition per set for the back squat, bench press, and deadlift, as fast as possible at 75% of the one-repetition maximum. Cardiorespiratory and pulmonary function and comfort were measured. Across all conditions, effective postexercise hypotension (PEH) was noted in terms of decreased systolic blood pressure (−4.64%), diastolic BP (−5.36%), mean arterial pressure (−5.02%), and ankle–brachial index (−6.84%). However, the heart rate (40.34%) and rate of pressure product (33.60%) increased, and no effects on pulmonary function were observed in the three conditions. The participants reported higher breathing resistance and tightness when wearing a typical SM than when wearing a 3DSM or no mask. Therefore, both wearing and not wearing a face mask during whole-body, high-intensity, short-rest resistance exercise promoted PEH and exerted no detrimental effect on pulmonary function. Coaches, trainers, and athletes should consider wearing a 3DSM during resistance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Yuan Wang
- Department of Exercise Health Science, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung 404401, Taiwan; (S.-Y.W.); (C.-H.C.)
| | - Chih-Hui Chiu
- Department of Exercise Health Science, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung 404401, Taiwan; (S.-Y.W.); (C.-H.C.)
| | - Chin-Hsien Hsu
- Department of Leisure Industry Management, National Chi-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411030, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-H.H.); (C.-H.C.); Tel.: +886-4-2392-4505 (ext. #8306) (C.-H.H.); +886-4-2221-3108 (C.-H.C.)
| | - Chun-Chung Chou
- Physical Education Office, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan;
| | | | - Lu-Bi Shapu
- School of Physical & Health, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530011, China;
| | - Tai-Chen Chao
- Sport Science Research Center, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung 404401, Taiwan;
| | - Che-Hsiu Chen
- Department of Sport Performance, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung 404401, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-H.H.); (C.-H.C.); Tel.: +886-4-2392-4505 (ext. #8306) (C.-H.H.); +886-4-2221-3108 (C.-H.C.)
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Clemente-Suárez VJ, Villafaina S, García-Calvo T, Fuentes-García JP. Impact of HIIT Sessions with and without Cognitive Load on Cortical Arousal, Accuracy and Perceived Exertion in Amateur Tennis Players. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:767. [PMID: 35627904 PMCID: PMC9142095 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10050767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) exercises, with and without cognitive load, on the accuracy, critical flicker fusion threshold (CFFT), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) on recreational tennis players. A total of 32 players of tennis at recreational level (25 men and 7 women) were enrolled in this cross-sectional the study. Participants had to perform, randomly, two HIIT sessions. In one of them, cognitive load was induced by conducting an incongruent Stroop during rests. After training accuracy of tennis serve, CFFT, and RPE were measured. Results showed that accuracy after baseline and HIIT without cognitive load were significantly higher than after HIIT with cognitive load. RPE significantly increased (p-value < 0.001) after HIIT sessions in both, with and without cognitive load. However, significant differences were not observed between the two sessions in the RPE (p-value = 0.405). Furthermore, differences were not obtained in the CFFT neither within nor between sessions (p-value > 0.05). Therefore, HIIT with and without cognitive load increased the RPE in recreational tennis players. Furthermore, HIIT sessions with cognitive load significant altered tennis serve accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain;
- Grupo de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
| | - Santos Villafaina
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (T.G.-C.); (J.P.F.-G.)
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
| | - Tomás García-Calvo
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (T.G.-C.); (J.P.F.-G.)
| | - Juan Pedro Fuentes-García
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (T.G.-C.); (J.P.F.-G.)
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Modification of the Forms of Self-Determined Regulation and Quality of Life after a Cardiac Rehabilitation Programme: Tennis-Based vs. Bicycle Ergometer-Based. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179207. [PMID: 34501797 PMCID: PMC8430765 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: The objective is to analyse and compare the effects of an adapted tennis cardiac rehabilitation programme and a classical bicycle ergometer-based programme on the type of motivation towards sports practice and quality of life in patients classified as low risk after suffering acute coronary syndrome. Methods: The Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-2) and Velasco’s Qualityof Life Test were applied. The sample comprised 110 individuals (age = 55.05 ± 9.27) divided into two experimental groups (tennis and bicycle ergometer) and a control group. Results: The intra-group analysis showed a significant increase between pre- and post-test results in intrinsic regulation in the tennis group and in the control group. In identified regulation, the bicycle ergometer group presented significant differences from the control group. On the other hand, in the external regulation variable, only the tennis group showed significant differences, which decreased. Significant improvements in all quality-of-life factors when comparing the pre-test period with the post-test period were only found in the experimental groups. As per the inter-group analysis, significant differences were observed in favour of the tennis group with respect to the control group in the variables of health, social relations and leisure, and work time as well as in favour of the bicycle ergometer group compared with the control group in the variables of health, sleep and rest, future projects and mobility. No significant differences were found in any of the variables between the tennis group and the bicycle ergometer group. Conclusion: It is relevant to enhance the practice of physical exercise in infarcted patients classified as low risk as it improves the forms of more self-determined regulation towards sporting practice and their quality of life.
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