|
1
|
Ditshwane B, Janse van Rensburg Z, Jacobs W. Health-related word recognition and pronunciation by patients in Gauteng, South Africa in English and native languages. Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med 2024; 16:e1-e10. [PMID: 39099270 PMCID: PMC11304165 DOI: 10.4102/phcfm.v16i1.4492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low health literacy has been found to affect people's ability to take care of their own health and follow the principles of disease prevention. Incomprehension of health education and healthcare instructions may lead to poor health outcomes. AIM The aim of the study was to describe and compare a sample of primary healthcare patient's ability to recognise and pronounce health-related words in English and in his or her native language. SETTING The study was conducted in 12 primary healthcare (PHC) clinics in Gauteng, South Africa. METHODS A prospective, quantitative, comparative research design using a survey method was used to assess the ability to recognise and pronounce health-related words of 401 respondents using the REALM-R (SA) tool. RESULTS Most respondents were 18-29 years (32%) and 30-49 years (53%) old. More than half (54%) of the respondents have completed grade 12 schooling. Adequate English health-related word recognition and pronunciation levels were at 19.5%, while native health-related word recognition and pronunciation levels were far better, ranging between 55.6% and 97.0%. CONCLUSION Respondents showed better word recognition and pronunciation of the health-related words in their native language than in English. Providing health information in the patient's native language and on their level of understanding may therefore improve patient health outcomes.Contribution: The study is the first of its kind to determine word recognition and pronunciation of health-related words in English and a native language of South African PHC patients. Knowing this may assist healthcare professionals to give health education and instructions on the patient's level of understanding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boitumelo Ditshwane
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Alysha D, Blair C, Thomas P, Pham T, Nguyen T, Cordato TR, Badge H, Chappelow N, Lin L, Edwards L, Thomas J, Hodgkinson S, Cappelen-Smith C, McDougall A, Cordato DJ, Parsons M. Comparative Prevalence of Cerebrovascular Disease in Vietnamese Communities in South-Western Sydney. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2024; 11:164. [PMID: 38921664 PMCID: PMC11203452 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd11060164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities are growing globally. Understanding patterns of cerebrovascular disease in these communities may improve health outcomes. We aimed to compare the rates of transient ischaemic attack (TIA), ischaemic stroke (IS), intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), intracranial atherosclerosis (ICAD), and stroke risk factors in Vietnamese-born residents of South-Western Sydney (SWS) with those of an Australian-born cohort. A 10-year retrospective analysis (2011-2020) was performed using data extracted from the Health Information Exchange database characterising stroke presentations and risk factor profiles. The rates of hypertension (83.7% vs. 70.3%, p < 0.001) and dyslipidaemia (81.0% vs. 68.2%, p < 0.001) were significantly higher in Vietnamese patients, while the rates of ischaemic heart disease (10.4% vs. 20.3%, p < 0.001), smoking (24.4% vs. 40.8%, p < 0.001), and alcohol abuse (>1 drink/day) (9.6% vs. 15.9%, p < 0.001) were lower. The rates of ICAD and ICH were higher in Vietnamese patients (30.9% vs. 6.9%, p < 0.001 and 24.7% vs. 14.4%, p = 0.002). Regression analysis revealed that diabetes (OR: 1.86; 95% CI: 1.14-3.04, p = 0.014) and glycosylated haemoglobin (OR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.15-1.98, p = 0.003) were predictors of ICAD in Vietnamese patients. Vietnamese patients had higher rates of symptomatic ICAD and ICH, with unique risk factor profiles. Culturally specific interventions arising from these findings may more effectively reduce the community burden of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deena Alysha
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (D.A.); (C.B.); (T.P.); (T.N.); (T.R.C.); (N.C.); (J.T.); (S.H.); (M.P.)
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia;
- South-Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Christopher Blair
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (D.A.); (C.B.); (T.P.); (T.N.); (T.R.C.); (N.C.); (J.T.); (S.H.); (M.P.)
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia;
- South-Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Peter Thomas
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (D.A.); (C.B.); (T.P.); (T.N.); (T.R.C.); (N.C.); (J.T.); (S.H.); (M.P.)
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia;
- South-Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Timmy Pham
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (D.A.); (C.B.); (T.P.); (T.N.); (T.R.C.); (N.C.); (J.T.); (S.H.); (M.P.)
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia;
| | - Tram Nguyen
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (D.A.); (C.B.); (T.P.); (T.N.); (T.R.C.); (N.C.); (J.T.); (S.H.); (M.P.)
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia;
- South-Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Theodore Ross Cordato
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (D.A.); (C.B.); (T.P.); (T.N.); (T.R.C.); (N.C.); (J.T.); (S.H.); (M.P.)
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia;
| | - Helen Badge
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (D.A.); (C.B.); (T.P.); (T.N.); (T.R.C.); (N.C.); (J.T.); (S.H.); (M.P.)
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia;
- South-Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Nicola Chappelow
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (D.A.); (C.B.); (T.P.); (T.N.); (T.R.C.); (N.C.); (J.T.); (S.H.); (M.P.)
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia;
| | - Longting Lin
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia;
| | - Leon Edwards
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (D.A.); (C.B.); (T.P.); (T.N.); (T.R.C.); (N.C.); (J.T.); (S.H.); (M.P.)
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia;
- South-Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - James Thomas
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (D.A.); (C.B.); (T.P.); (T.N.); (T.R.C.); (N.C.); (J.T.); (S.H.); (M.P.)
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia;
- South-Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Suzanne Hodgkinson
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (D.A.); (C.B.); (T.P.); (T.N.); (T.R.C.); (N.C.); (J.T.); (S.H.); (M.P.)
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia;
- South-Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Cecilia Cappelen-Smith
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (D.A.); (C.B.); (T.P.); (T.N.); (T.R.C.); (N.C.); (J.T.); (S.H.); (M.P.)
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia;
- South-Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Alan McDougall
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (D.A.); (C.B.); (T.P.); (T.N.); (T.R.C.); (N.C.); (J.T.); (S.H.); (M.P.)
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia;
- South-Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Dennis John Cordato
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (D.A.); (C.B.); (T.P.); (T.N.); (T.R.C.); (N.C.); (J.T.); (S.H.); (M.P.)
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia;
- South-Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Mark Parsons
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (D.A.); (C.B.); (T.P.); (T.N.); (T.R.C.); (N.C.); (J.T.); (S.H.); (M.P.)
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia;
- South-Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Palu E, McBride KA, Simmons D, Thompson R, Cavallaro C, Cooper E, Felila M, MacMillan F. Adequacy of health message tailoring for ethnic minorities: Pasifika communities in Sydney, Australia, during COVID-19. Health Promot Int 2024; 39:daad197. [PMID: 38365189 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daad197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Ethnic minorities, such as Pasifika, residing in high-income countries were at higher risk of COVID-19 infection during the pandemic. To understand the experiences of Pasifika, including message dissemination and barriers to tailored public health messaging during the pandemic, a qualitative study was undertaken, underpinned by Laswell's Model of Communication and Bandura's social cognitive theory with data collected using Pasifika methods. Pasifika adults (n = 65) were recruited across Sydney from July 2020 to March 2022. Health care professionals (HCP) (n = 17) employed by four local health districts (LHDs) and Pasifika community-based organizations delivering multicultural COVID-19-related work within the study catchment, were also recruited. Five themes were constructed from the data of: (i) prevailing fear and uncertainty over COVID-19 infection and losing employment; (ii) limited knowledge of government perpetuating distrust in Government as a benevolent source of information; (iii) faith and trust as priorities for health decision-making; (iv) 'Coconut wireless'-the role of family, friends and community in disseminating public health messages through word of mouth; and (v) limited health literacy affecting compliance with public health orders. Community members identified important messages and resources had not been sufficiently distributed. Most HCPs understood the necessity of grassroots-level engagement but reported existing approaches were inadequate to navigate challenges. These findings highlight the need for public health promotion and communication strategies that consider both the social and cultural determinants of health. We propose a 7-point checklist as a cultural appropriateness lens to assist the development and rating of existing or new health promotion messaging and resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Palu
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Kate A McBride
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- Diabetes Obesity Metabolism Translational Research Unit, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - David Simmons
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- Diabetes Obesity Metabolism Translational Research Unit, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- Macarthur Clinical School, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Ronda Thompson
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Ellen Cooper
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Makeleta Felila
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- Western Sydney Local Health District, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Freya MacMillan
- Diabetes Obesity Metabolism Translational Research Unit, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- Macarthur Clinical School, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
|
4
|
Liu Y, Guo Y, Yan X, Ding R, Tan H, Wang Y, Wang X, Wang L. Assessment of health literacy in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and its relationship with health behaviours: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e071051. [PMID: 38000817 PMCID: PMC10680007 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-071051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Healthy behaviours are important for people with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, adopting and maintaining lifestyle changes involves a complex set of behavioural changes, which most patients fail to adhere to. The current research on health literacy, which includes individual and social skills needed in health self-management, in patients with PCOS is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to explore health literacy, health behaviours and the relationship between the two to expand research on PCOS management. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING A gynaecological outpatient clinic. PARTICIPANTS A total of 286 patients with PCOS (≥18 years, diagnosed via Rotterdam criteria, able to self-report and give informed consent) were recruited from March to June 2022. OUTCOME MEASURES Health literacy and health behaviours in patients with PCOS were assessed using the Health Literacy Management Scale and the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile (Chinese version). Multiple logistic regression was used to analyse the factors influencing health literacy, and linear regression to assess the relationship between health literacy and health behaviours, with an F-significance test; p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Overall, most patients with PCOS had insufficient health literacy (55.9%). The influencing factors of health literacy in patients with PCOS were age (β=0.154, p<0.05), Body Mass Index (β=-0.140, p<0.05), income (β=1.228, p<0.05), duration of illness (β=0.110, p<0.05) and educational level (β=1.552, p<0.05). Moreover, 40.6% of patients with poor health behaviours, and 31.8% with moderate health behaviours, needed to improve their health behaviours. Health literacy was positively correlated with health behaviours in patients with PCOS (r=0.473, p<0.05). CONCLUSION The positive correlation between health literacy and health behaviour in patients with PCOS indicates that promoting health literacy in future treatment and management of PCOS may be beneficial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Nursing Department, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Nursing College, ZunYi Medical University, ZunYi, GuiZhou, China
| | - Yunmei Guo
- Nursing Department, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Nursing College, ZunYi Medical University, ZunYi, GuiZhou, China
| | - Xin Yan
- Nursing Department, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Nursing College, ZunYi Medical University, ZunYi, GuiZhou, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Nursing Department, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Nursing College, ZunYi Medical University, ZunYi, GuiZhou, China
| | - Huiwen Tan
- Nursing Department, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Nursing College, ZunYi Medical University, ZunYi, GuiZhou, China
| | - Yousha Wang
- Nursing Department, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Nursing College, ZunYi Medical University, ZunYi, GuiZhou, China
| | - Xueting Wang
- Nursing Department, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Nursing College, ZunYi Medical University, ZunYi, GuiZhou, China
| | - Lianhong Wang
- Nursing Department, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Nursing College, ZunYi Medical University, ZunYi, GuiZhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
5
|
Cordato D, Blair C, Thomas P, Firtko A, Miller M, Edwards LS, Thomas J, Balabanski AH, Dos Santos A, Lin L, Hodgkinson S, Cappelen-Smith C, Beran RG, McDougall A, Parsons M. Cerebrovascular Disease Profiles of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Communities in South Western Sydney and New South Wales. Cerebrovasc Dis 2022; 51:744-754. [PMID: 35551130 DOI: 10.1159/000524242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities are growing globally. Understanding patterns of cerebrovascular disease in CALD communities may improve health outcomes through culturally specific interventions. We compared rates of transient ischaemic attack (TIA)/stroke (ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage) and stroke risk factor prevalence in overseas and Australian-born people in South Western Sydney (SWS) and New South Wales (NSW). METHODS This was a 10-year retrospective analysis (2011-2020) of SWS and NSW age-standardized rates per 100,000 person-years of TIA/stroke. Data were extracted from Health Information Exchange and Secure Analytics for Population Health Research and Intelligence systems. Rates of hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), atrial fibrillation (AF), smoking, and obesity were also calculated. RESULTS The SWS and NSW age-standardized rate of TIA/stroke for people born in Australia was 100 per 100,000 person-years (100/100,000/year). In SWS, 56.6% of people were overseas-born compared to 29.8% for NSW. The age-standardized rate of TIA/stroke for Polynesian-born people was more than double that of Australian-born people (p < 0.001). Hypertension (33 [SWS] vs. 27/100,000/year [NSW]) and T2DM (36 [SWS] vs. 26/100,000/year [NSW]) were the most common risk factors with rates >50/100,000/year (hypertension) and >80/100,000/year (T2DM) for people born in Polynesia, Melanesia, and Central America. Rates of T2DM, AF, and obesity for Polynesian-born people were over threefold greater than people born in Australia. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Greater rates of TIA/stroke were observed in specific CALD communities, with increased rates of cerebrovascular risk factors. Culturally specific, targeted interventions may bridge health inequalities in cerebrovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Cordato
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,South Western Sydney Stroke and Research Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Brain Centre, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher Blair
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, .,South Western Sydney Stroke and Research Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, .,Sydney Brain Centre, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, .,South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,
| | - Peter Thomas
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,South Western Sydney Stroke and Research Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Brain Centre, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Angela Firtko
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,South Western Sydney Stroke and Research Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Brain Centre, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Megan Miller
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,South Western Sydney Stroke and Research Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Brain Centre, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Leon Stephen Edwards
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,South Western Sydney Stroke and Research Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Brain Centre, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James Thomas
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,South Western Sydney Stroke and Research Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Brain Centre, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anna H Balabanski
- Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Angela Dos Santos
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Longting Lin
- South Western Sydney Stroke and Research Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Brain Centre, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Suzanne Hodgkinson
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,South Western Sydney Stroke and Research Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Brain Centre, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cecilia Cappelen-Smith
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,South Western Sydney Stroke and Research Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Brain Centre, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Roy G Beran
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,South Western Sydney Stroke and Research Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Brain Centre, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine, Griffith University, Broadbeach, Queensland, Australia.,Sechenov Moscow First State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alan McDougall
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,South Western Sydney Stroke and Research Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Brain Centre, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark Parsons
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,South Western Sydney Stroke and Research Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Brain Centre, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|