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Bahrani F, Mohammadi A, Dobaradaran S, De-la-Torre GE, Arfaeinia H, Ramavandi B, Saeedi R, Tekle-Röttering A. Occurrence of microplastics in edible tissues of livestock (cow and sheep). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:22145-22157. [PMID: 38403824 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32424-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Plastic contamination is widely recognized as a major environmental concern due to the entry of small plastic particles into the food chain, thereby posing potential hazards to human health. However, the current understanding of microplastic (MP; < 5 mm) particles in livestock, which serve as an important food source, is limited. This study aims to investigate the concentration and characteristics of MPs in edible tissues of cow and sheep, namely liver, meat, and tripe, obtained from butcher shops in five areas of Bushehr port, Iran. The mean concentration of MPs in different tissues of cow and sheep were 0.14 and 0.13 items/g, respectively. Among the examined tissues, cow meat exhibited the highest concentration of MPs, with a concentration of 0.19 items/g. Nylon and fiber were identified as the predominant polymer types and shapes of MPs found in cow and sheep tissues, respectively. Furthermore, no statistically significant difference was observed in MP concentration across different tissues of cow and sheep. Significantly, this study highlights the elevated hazards associated with exposure to MPs through the consumption of edible cow and sheep tissues, particularly for children who consume meat. The results underscore the potential transfer of MPs from the environment to livestock bodies through their food, contamination during meat processing, and subsequent health hazards for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farkhondeh Bahrani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Azam Mohammadi
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Sina Dobaradaran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry and Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany.
| | - Gabriel E De-la-Torre
- Grupo de Investigación de Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Sociedad, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru
| | - Hossein Arfaeinia
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Bahman Ramavandi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Reza Saeedi
- Workplace Health Promotion Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Health and Safety, and Environment (HSE), School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Agnes Tekle-Röttering
- Westfälische Hochschule Gelsenkirchen, Neidenburger Strasse 43, 45877, Gelsenkirchen, Germany
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Gizaw F, Kekeba T, Teshome F, Kebede M, Abreham T, Berhe HH, Ayana D, Edao BM, Waktole H, Tufa TB, Abunna F, Beyi AF, Abdi RD. Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Thrive in Dairy and Beef Production, Processing, and Supply Lines in Five Geographical Areas in Ethiopia. Vet Sci 2023; 10:663. [PMID: 38133214 PMCID: PMC10747641 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10120663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Livestock, farms, abattoirs, and food supply systems can become the source of foodborne pathogens, including S. aureus, in the absence of monitoring, general hygienic practices, and control. Studies are scarce on reservoirs (hiding places) and routes of entry of S. aureus into the food supply chain in Ethiopia. To fill these gaps, we evaluated the role of cows (milk), meat, equipment, and food handlers on the abundance and AMR of S. aureus in five geographical areas in central Oromia, Ethiopia. We isolated S. aureus from 10 different ecologies per area in 5 areas and tested their sensitivity to 14 antimicrobials of 9 different classes. We ranked the 5 areas and 10 ecologies by computing their multiple AMR index (MARI) at a cut-off value of 0.2 to determine 'high-risk' ecologies for AMR. We recorded as MDR if an isolate had resistance to ≥3 antimicrobial classes. We used a circos diagram to analyze if isolates with identical AMR patterns were shared between different ecologies. S. aureus is prevalent in central Oromia (16.1-18.3%), higher in dairy farms than in abattoirs, and varied among 10 ecologies (p < 0.001) but not among 5 areas (p > 0.05). Of the 92 isolates, 94.6% were penicillin-resistant. Their AMR prevalence was above 40% for 9 of 14 antimicrobials. All isolates (100%) had AMR in at least one antimicrobial class (range = 1-9; median = 5), indicating MDR was prevalent. The prevalence of MDR S. aureus varied (p < 0.05) among areas and 10 ecologies; the highest was in slaughter lines. All isolates had a MARI of >0.2, indicating drug overuse, and S. aureus's AMR burden is high in central Oromia. Dairy farms had higher MARI values (0.44) than abattoirs (0.39). Of 10 ecologies, the highest and lowest MARI values were in the beef supply chain, i.e., slaughter line (0.67) and butcher's hand (0.25). Of the 68 different AMR patterns by 92 isolates against 14 antimicrobials, 53 patterns (77.9%) were unique to individual isolates, indicating they were phenotypically dissimilar. MDR S. aureus was widespread in central Oromia in dairy and meat supply chains, contaminating milk, meat, equipment, and workers in farm and abattoir settings. In the absence of strict regulations and interventions, MDR S. aureus can be disseminated from these epicenters to the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fikru Gizaw
- School of Veterinary Science, Arsi University, Assella P.O. Box 193, Ethiopia;
| | - Tolera Kekeba
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu P.O. Box 34, Ethiopia; (T.K.); (F.T.); (M.K.); (T.A.); (H.H.B.); (D.A.); (B.M.E.); (H.W.); (T.B.T.); (F.A.)
| | - Fikadu Teshome
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu P.O. Box 34, Ethiopia; (T.K.); (F.T.); (M.K.); (T.A.); (H.H.B.); (D.A.); (B.M.E.); (H.W.); (T.B.T.); (F.A.)
| | - Matewos Kebede
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu P.O. Box 34, Ethiopia; (T.K.); (F.T.); (M.K.); (T.A.); (H.H.B.); (D.A.); (B.M.E.); (H.W.); (T.B.T.); (F.A.)
| | - Tekeste Abreham
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu P.O. Box 34, Ethiopia; (T.K.); (F.T.); (M.K.); (T.A.); (H.H.B.); (D.A.); (B.M.E.); (H.W.); (T.B.T.); (F.A.)
| | - Halefom Hishe Berhe
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu P.O. Box 34, Ethiopia; (T.K.); (F.T.); (M.K.); (T.A.); (H.H.B.); (D.A.); (B.M.E.); (H.W.); (T.B.T.); (F.A.)
| | - Dinka Ayana
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu P.O. Box 34, Ethiopia; (T.K.); (F.T.); (M.K.); (T.A.); (H.H.B.); (D.A.); (B.M.E.); (H.W.); (T.B.T.); (F.A.)
| | - Bedaso Mammo Edao
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu P.O. Box 34, Ethiopia; (T.K.); (F.T.); (M.K.); (T.A.); (H.H.B.); (D.A.); (B.M.E.); (H.W.); (T.B.T.); (F.A.)
| | - Hika Waktole
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu P.O. Box 34, Ethiopia; (T.K.); (F.T.); (M.K.); (T.A.); (H.H.B.); (D.A.); (B.M.E.); (H.W.); (T.B.T.); (F.A.)
| | - Takele Beyene Tufa
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu P.O. Box 34, Ethiopia; (T.K.); (F.T.); (M.K.); (T.A.); (H.H.B.); (D.A.); (B.M.E.); (H.W.); (T.B.T.); (F.A.)
| | - Fufa Abunna
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu P.O. Box 34, Ethiopia; (T.K.); (F.T.); (M.K.); (T.A.); (H.H.B.); (D.A.); (B.M.E.); (H.W.); (T.B.T.); (F.A.)
| | - Ashenafi Feyisa Beyi
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Reta Duguma Abdi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Greenvale, NY 11548, USA
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Ashuro Z, Zeysse N, Ayalew M. Meat hygiene knowledge, handling practices and associated factors among meat handlers in Gedeo zone, Ethiopia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15149. [PMID: 37704708 PMCID: PMC10499888 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42225-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 239 randomly selected meat handlers working in butcher shop in southern Ethiopia to assess factors associated with meat hygiene knowledge and practices. A binary logistic regression analysis with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and a p-value < 0.05 was used to identify factors that were significantly associated with good level of meat hygiene knowledge and practices. The findings revealed that 38.5% [95% CI: 32.2-44.8%] and 25.1% [95% CI: 19.7-30.5%] of meat handlers have good levels of meat hygiene knowledge and practices, respectively. Good level of meat hygiene knowledge was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with educational level, having meat hygiene training, and having regular supportive supervision by health workers, whereas good level of meat handling practice was significantly associated with work experience, educational level, have regular supportive supervision by health professionals, and having meat hygiene training. In conclusion, the majority of meat handlers have poor knowledge and practices regarding meat hygiene among meat handlers. Educational level, meat hygiene training, and supportive supervision by a health professionals were all independent predictors of meat hygiene knowledge and practice among meat handlers. As a result, health professionals should give regular training, butcher shop inspections, and supportive supervision for meat handlers in order to improve meat hygiene knowledge and practices among meat handlers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemachu Ashuro
- School of Public Health, College of Health Science and Medicine, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia.
| | - Nathnael Zeysse
- School of Public Health, College of Health Science and Medicine, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Ayalew
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Eastern Africa GEO Health Hub for Research and Training Project, P.O. Box 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Saraiva C, Saraiva S, Patarata L, da Conceição Fontes M, Martins C. Behaviour of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes in Normal and DFD Beef of an Autochthonous Portuguese Breed. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071420. [PMID: 37048241 PMCID: PMC10093655 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to identify the behaviour of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and of Listeria monocytogenes inoculated in Maronesa breed beef with different ultimate pH (pHu) (Normal and DFD), and stored at two different temperatures (4 and 9 °C), during 28 days post mortem (pm). The main objective was to illustrate the problematic feature of dealing with beef showing high pHu and stored at mild abusive temperatures (9 °C). Beef steaks (ms. longissimus dorsi) were inoculated with low levels (2–3 log CFU/g) of those both pathogens and packed in air, vacuum and three gaseous mixtures with decreasing O2 and increasing CO2 concentrations (MAP70/20, MAP50/40 and MAP30/60). At 4 °C, the growth of E. coli O157:H7 presented the same pattern on Normal and DFD meat. On the contrary, the growth of L. monocytogenes was higher in DFD meat, revealing the effect of the pHu and its psychotropic character. At abusive temperatures, both pathogens grew, achieving high levels in DFD meat. In these cases, the MAP with the highest CO2 concentration (60%) was revealed to be more effective against the development of E. coli O157:H7, therefore, not exceeding levels of 5 log CFU/g at the end of storage, while in L. monocytogenes, it reaches 8 log CFU/g under the same conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Saraiva
- Animal and Veterinary Science Center (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Sónia Saraiva
- Animal and Veterinary Science Center (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luis Patarata
- Animal and Veterinary Science Center (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria da Conceição Fontes
- Animal and Veterinary Science Center (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Conceição Martins
- Animal and Veterinary Science Center (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Pérez Terrazzino G, Costa M, López Campo A, Saade C, Moreno Mochi MP, Signorini M, Roge A, Van Der Ploeg C, Leotta G, Jure MÁ. Comprehensive evaluation of abattoirs with no Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point plan in Tucumán, Argentina. Rev Argent Microbiol 2023:S0325-7541(22)00105-5. [PMID: 36842870 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This work focused on the comprehensive study of two provincial transit abattoirs in Tucumán, Argentina, with no Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) plan. Visits (n=20) were conducted between 2016 and 2018 during the operational and post-operational processes. Risk was estimated and the bacteriological analysis of carcass and environmental samples was performed. Risk estimation showed the predominance of high risk in both abattoirs. The main deviations from the HACCP plan were: deficient building conditions, deficient workflow, lack of sectorization of changing rooms and bathrooms, lack of implementation of Standardized Sanitary Operational Procedures, and no food safety training of workers. The counts of indicator microorganisms from both abattoirs were not significant. Salmonella spp. was isolated from 7.5% carcass and 7.3% environmental samples. The Salmonella serovars identified were Cerro, Corvallis, Havana and Agona. Shiga toxin (stx) genes were detected in 24.4% carcass and 30.9% environmental samples. The isolates were characterized as Escherichia coli O8:H7/stx1, O116:H49/stx2 and O136:H40/stx2. Based on these results, it would be possible to implement an improvement plan in Tucumán abattoirs together with the local health authorities. Still, the need to work jointly with the sanitary authority in search of a unique sanitary standard for Argentina remains unaddressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Pérez Terrazzino
- Instituto de Microbiología "Dr. Luis C Verna", Cátedra de Bacteriología, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Ayacucho 491 (4000) Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Magdalena Costa
- IGEVET - Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando N. Dulout" (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 60 y 118 (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Alejandro López Campo
- Dirección de Ganadería de la Provincia de Tucumán, Córdoba 1039 (4000) San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Carolina Saade
- Dirección de Ganadería de la Provincia de Tucumán, Córdoba 1039 (4000) San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María Paula Moreno Mochi
- Instituto de Microbiología "Dr. Luis C Verna", Cátedra de Bacteriología, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Ayacucho 491 (4000) Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Signorini
- EEA RAFAELA - Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela (CR SANTA FE-CONICET - INTA - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria), Ruta 34 Km 227 (2300) Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ariel Roge
- Servicio Antígenos y Antisueros, Instituto Nacional de Producción de Biológicos, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Av. Vélez Sarsfield 563 (1281) Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Van Der Ploeg
- Servicio Antígenos y Antisueros, Instituto Nacional de Producción de Biológicos, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Av. Vélez Sarsfield 563 (1281) Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gerardo Leotta
- IGEVET - Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando N. Dulout" (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 60 y 118 (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - María Ángela Jure
- Instituto de Microbiología "Dr. Luis C Verna", Cátedra de Bacteriología, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Ayacucho 491 (4000) Tucumán, Argentina.
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Gazu L, Alonso S, Mutua F, Roesel K, Lindahl JF, Amenu K, Maximiano Sousa F, Ulrich P, Guadu T, Dione M, Ilboudo G, Knight-Jones T, Grace D. Foodborne disease hazards and burden in Ethiopia: A systematic literature review, 1990–2019. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2023.1058977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundFoodborne disease (FBD) affects millions of people each year, posing a health burden similar to malaria, tuberculosis or HIV. A recent World Bank study estimated the productivity losses alone attributed to unsafe food within Africa at $20 billion in 2016, and the cost of treating these illnesses at an additional $3.5 billion. Ethiopia faces multiple food safety challenges due to lack of infrastructure and basic pre-requisites for food safety such as clean water and environment, washing facilities, compounded by limited implementation of food safety regulations, and a lack of incentives for producers to improve food safety. A consolidation of our understanding and evidence of the source, nature and scale of FBD in Ethiopia is needed to inform policy and future research. We performed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of publications on FBD occurrence in Ethiopia including hazard presence and impact.MethodThe SLR followed Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines. We searched PubMed and CAB-Direct for relevant publications between 1990 and 2019 (inclusive). Observational studies and reviews were included. Two reviewers screened titles and abstracts, and retained publications were reviewed in full for quality and data extraction.ResultIn total 128 articles met the inclusion criteria. Most articles focused on the identification of biological hazards in food. High levels of microbial contamination in different food value chains were often found in the small, ad hoc, observational studies that dominated the literature. Raw milk (22/128, 17.0%) and raw beef (21/128, 16.4%) were the most studied food products. Foodborne (FB) parasites were often found at higher rates in food than bacterial and viral pathogens, possibly due to differences in ease of identification. High levels of bacterial contamination on the hands of food handlers were widely reported. There were no reports on the incidence of human FBDs or resulting health and economic impacts.ConclusionOur findings reflect existing concerns around food safety in Ethiopia. A lack of substantial, coordinated studies with robust methodologies means fundamental gaps remain in our knowledge of FBD in Ethiopia, particularly regarding FBD burden and impact. Greater investment in food safety is needed, with enhanced and coordinated research and interventions.
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Siluma BJ, Kgatla ET, Nethathe B, Ramashia SE. Evaluation of Meat Safety Practices and Hygiene among Different Butcheries and Supermarkets in Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2230. [PMID: 36767596 PMCID: PMC9916278 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Good hygienic practices are required to reduce the risk of microbial contamination during meat processing. We evaluated good hygiene and meat safety practices among different village butcheries (6), commercial butcheries (8), and supermarkets (18) through direct personal observations. The supermarkets and commercial butcheries wore personal protective equipment (PPE) and used proper waste procedures. Moreover, there were pest control devices, a safe water supply, and staff handling money away from meat. At village butcheries, wearing hairnets and aprons, and the display of raw meat being separate from offal were identified as good practices. The irregular washing of hands (67%), less use of gloves (83%), wearing of open sandals (67%) and jewelry (33%), use of the same coat for different activities (100%), lack of paper towels (100%) and pest control devices (67%) and mismanagement of waste (33%) were practices that led to unsafe meat handling. Our study identified good meat safety practices at supermarkets. A combination of good and unhygienic meat handling practices were identified at commercial and village butcheries. These findings suggest a need for intervention through training on food safety in order to improve the hygienic practices of meat handling along the beef supply chain, more especially in commercial and village butcheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Jabulile Siluma
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Engineering, and Agriculture, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa
| | - Ephraim Tsietsi Kgatla
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Engineering, and Agriculture, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa
| | - Bono Nethathe
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Engineering, and Agriculture, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa
| | - Shonisani Eugenia Ramashia
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Engineering, and Agriculture, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa
- Faculty of Applied Sciences & Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering & Food Technology, Shoolini University India, Bajhol 173229, India
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Kanko T, Seid M, Alemu M. Evaluation of bacteriological profile of meat contact surfaces, handling practices of raw meat and its associated factors in butcher shops of Arba Minch town, southern Ethiopia-A facility based cross sectional study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD CONTAMINATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s40550-023-00102-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Meat is subjected to contamination from a range of sources throughout animal slaughter and its sale. The demand for meat products in Ethiopia has been increased dramatically; especially the consumption of fresh chilled meat becomes a status of symbol.
Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate the bacteriological profile of meat contact surfaces, raw meat handling practices, and its associated factors in butcher shops located in Arba Minch town, southern Ethiopia.
Methods and Materials
A facility-based cross-sectional study was carried out among meat handlers in butcher shops in Arba Minch town from November to December 2020. A pre-tested and semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data on workers meat handling practices and the sterile swab was used to collect samples from selected meat contact surfaces for bacteriological analysis. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 was used for data analysis. Binary logistic regression analysis was utilized to assess the presence and degree of association between raw meat handling practice and independent variables. Adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval at P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Result and Conclusion
This study revealed the knowledge and handling practice gap among meat handlers of butcher shops. Knowledge of food handling hygiene has shown significant association with handling practice [AOR = 4.5 (1.182,17.202)]. The median total viable count of bacterial loads from the swab samples of butchers’ hands, knives, and the tables was 5.60 ± 0.80, 5.60 ± 1.00, 5.70 ± 1.00 log10 Colony-forming unit (CFU)/cm2, respectively. Escherichia coli was the predominant isolate 34(68%) followed by Staphylococcus species 28(56%) and Salmonella species 19(38%). The median total bacterial load obtained from the samples exceeds the acceptable value of less than 5.0 log10 CFU/cm2 on fresh meat. This indicates the need for improvement in the meat handling and processing chain to safeguard the public health against the risks of foodborne bacterial infections.
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Abunna F, Kaba M, Mor S, Megersa B. Assessment of Food Safety Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices among Meat Handlers in Bishoftu City, Ethiopia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2023; 108:200-205. [PMID: 36410324 PMCID: PMC9833094 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Meat handlers play a critical role in food safety by preventing contamination of food for human consumption. A cross-sectional survey was undertaken with 391 meat handlers working in abattoirs and retail meat stores in Bishoftu, Ethiopia, to investigate their food safety knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP). Data were collected in interviews using a semistructured questionnaire adapted from previous research. An overall score for each topic area was calculated based on the responses to individual questions. Logistic regression was used to assess the independent associations between sociodemographic characteristics and good knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Almost all meat handlers were males (97.2%), and more than half (51.9%) had primary-level education. Most (72.4%) meat handlers had a good knowledge level with a median score of 16 out of 21 (interquartile range [IQR] = 6). Similarly, most (94.6%) meat handlers had a positive attitude toward food safety with a median score 18 out of 20 (IQR = 1). However, most (83.7%) meat handlers had poor food safety practices with median score of 11 out of 20 (IQR = 3). In multivariable models, good knowledge was significantly (P < 0.05) associated with male gender and older age; positive attitudes were associated with lower educational attainment and good knowledge; and good practices were associated with working in an abattoir and having received training on food safety. Regular hands-on training and enforcement of general and personal hygiene is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fufa Abunna
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Mirgissa Kaba
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Siobhan Mor
- Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Bekele Megersa
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
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Gebeyehu DT, Alemu B, Belete G. The habit, choice, intention, and perception of raw beef consumers on raw beef-eating: the health risk management perspective. BMC Nutr 2022; 8:68. [PMID: 35879780 PMCID: PMC9310411 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-022-00564-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractApart from its nutritive value, meat is one of the substances for the transmission of pathogenic micro-organisms to consumers and the raw beef eating habit of Ethiopians can create a favourable condition for the transmission of pathogens from contaminated meat to raw beef consumers. The face-to-face interview of raw beef consumers was done using a structured questionnaire and 570 total samples were collected. A considerable number (74%) of raw beef consumers had favourable food choice; 85% of the raw beef consumers had favourable intentions to stop their raw beef eating habit, and 67% of them had an unfavourable perception of the safety of raw beef-eating. In conclusion, the study showed that raw beef consumers were not aware of the health risks of raw beef-eating. As a result, urgent sensitization intervention is required to shift the raw beef consumers from unhealthy eating habits to prudent (processed) eating practices.
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Worku W, Desta M, Menjetta T. High prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of salmonella species and extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli from raw cattle meat at butcher houses in Hawassa city, Sidama regional state, Ethiopia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262308. [PMID: 35030183 PMCID: PMC8759633 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food-borne diseases related to the consumption of meat and its products had public health importance worldwide. The problem became worst in Ethiopia as the result of the tradition of eating raw cattle meat. Salmonella species and Escherichia coli are important food-borne pathogens associated with meat contamination. Hence the current study aimed to assess the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella species and Extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli from raw cattle meat at butcher houses in Hawassa city, Sidama regional state, Ethiopia. METHOD A cross-sectional study was done on the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Salmonella species and Extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing E.coli from raw cattle meat at butcher houses in Hawassa city from September to December 2020. Socio-demographic data were collected using a structured questionnaire and raw cattle meat and swab samples were collected from meat cutting equipment. The collected samples transported using icebox to Hawassa University College of Medicine and Health Sciences Microbiology Laboratory for identification. Samples were grown on different culture media and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were determined by using Kirby disc diffusion method. Data were entered and analyzed into SPSS version 23. Descriptive statistics were done and P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULT The overall prevalence of salmonella and ESBL producing E.coli among 556 samples collected from 278 butcher houses was 36 (6.47%) (95% CI: 1.68-1.79) of which 13 (2.3%) were ESBL producing E.coli and 23(4.1%) were salmonella species. Poor hand washing practice (AOR = 2.208; 95% CI: 1.249-3.904) and touching birr while selling meat (AOR = 0.75; 95% CI: (0.433-1.299) were found to be significantly associated with the prevalence of salmonella species and E.coli on cattle meat. The isolates showed moderate levels of resistance (60-70%) against Amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid and high susceptibility (85-100%) against gentamicin, cotrimoxazole, ceftazidime, and tetracycline and the overall multidrug resistance was 33.3%. CONCLUSION This study revealed moderately high prevalence of salmonella and E.coli due to poor hygiene and sanitation practices in the butcher shops. Furthermore, the existence of ESBL producing E.coli isolates clearly indicate the possible threat to public health. Therefore, inspection by the right agencies must be implemented in order to prevent food-borne outbreaks and antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woyinshet Worku
- Hawassa College of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Moges Desta
- Hawassa University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Menjetta
- Hawassa University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Hawassa, Ethiopia
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Bhandari R, Singh AK, Bhatt PR, Timalsina A, Bhandari R, Thapa P, Baral J, Adhikari S, Poudel P, Chiluwal S, Joshi PC, Adhikari N. Factors associated with meat hygiene-practices among meat-handlers in Metropolitan City of Kathmandu, Nepal. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0001181. [PMID: 36962662 PMCID: PMC10021547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Meat hygiene refers to all conditions and measures necessary to ensure safety and suitability of meat at all stages of the food chain. Inadequate hygiene practices allow consumers to be exposed to pathogens causing public health problems. Inadequate facilities and hygiene practices in meat shops results in meat contamination. The study aimed to identify factors associated with meat hygiene practices among meat handlers in the Metropolitan City of Kathmandu, Nepal. A cross-sectional study was designed with a semi-structured questionnaire and observation checklist that collected information about hygiene practices from 320 consenting meat-handlers by interviewer-administered technique. Data was entered in EpiData and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 21. Descriptive statistics of frequency distribution were used to report meat hygiene-practices and other independent variables, with multivariate logistic regression to establish predictors of meat hygiene-practices at 5% level of significance. The study revealed that less than half (44.4%) of the meat handlers had satisfactory meat hygiene practices. The adjusted regression analysis showed, strong evidence (p<0.01) of association of higher education level (AOR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.7-4.5), other occupational involvement (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.9-2.4), and being officially registered (AOR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.2-6.8) with meat hygiene practices. However, there was fair evidence (p<0.05) of association between shorter duration of meat being processed to sale (AOR = 0.57, P = 0.042) and meat hygiene practices. In this study, the satisfactory meat hygiene practices of meat handlers was low. The educational level, registration status of shops, involvement in other jobs, and awareness on meat hygiene were identified as key factors associated with meat hygiene practices. Thus, these factors need to be considered while developing programs to improve meat hygiene practices among the meat handlers. Meat handlers should be provided with training and orientation program for improving the meat hygiene practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabindra Bhandari
- Central Department of Public Health, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Nepal Health Research Council, Ramshahpath, Kathmandu
| | - Anil Kumar Singh
- Central Department of Public Health, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Prakash Raj Bhatt
- Faculty of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Ashish Timalsina
- Central Department of Public Health, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Rama Bhandari
- Central Department of Public Health, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Pratibha Thapa
- Central Department of Public Health, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Jijeebisha Baral
- Central Department of Public Health, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sunil Adhikari
- Central Department of Public Health, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Pramila Poudel
- Central Department of Public Health, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sudip Chiluwal
- Nepal Public Health and Education Group, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Nabin Adhikari
- Central Department of Public Health, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Research and Development Division, Dhulikhel Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal
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Gutema FD, Abdi RD, Agga GE, Firew S, Rasschaert G, Mattheus W, Crombe F, Duchateau L, Gabriël S, De Zutter L. Assessment of beef carcass contamination with Salmonella and E. coli O 157 in slaughterhouses in Bishoftu, Ethiopia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD CONTAMINATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s40550-021-00082-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Salmonella and E. coli O157 are common causes of foodborne diseases. Evisceration and de-hiding steps can lead to carcass contamination during slaughter operation. In Ethiopia, information on the association between the presence of these pathogens in the rectal content and/or on the hide of cattle and their presence on the carcass is lacking.
Methods
The aim of this study was to assess the sources of beef carcass contamination with Salmonella and E. coli O157 during slaughter. Rectal contents and hide- and carcass-swabs (from three sites: foreleg, brisket and hind leg) were collected from 70 beef cattle at two small scale slaughterhouses. Isolates were genotyped by the Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis method and tested for resistance against 14 microbial drugs.
Results
Salmonella was detected at equal proportions (7.1%) in rectal content samples and hide swabs. E. coli O157 was detected in 8.6% of the rectal contents and 4.3% of the hide swabs. The proportion of contaminated carcasses was 8.6% for Salmonella and 7.1% for E. coli O157. Genetic linkage between the Salmonella and E. coli O157 isolates from the rectal contents and/or hides and carcasses were observed only in a few cases (2 and 1 carcasses, respectively) indicating the limited direct transfer of the pathogens from the feces and/or hide to the carcass during slaughter. Most carcasses became positive by cross contamination. All the S. Typhimurium isolates (n = 8) were multidrug resistant being resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline. The two S. Dublin isolates were resistant to colistin. All E. coli O157 isolates were susceptible to the antimicrobials tested.
Conclusion
The results indicated that cross contamination may be an important source for carcass contamination.
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