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Jiang Q, Zhao Z, Liu Y, Wei Z, Bing Y, Zhang F, Liu J, Gao L, Sun J, Yuan L. Decomposition analysis of the difference in depressive symptoms between urban and rural employed people in China: Unpaid work plays an important role. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2024; 70:340-354. [PMID: 38050334 DOI: 10.1177/00207640231212091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Focusing on the relationship between unpaid labor and the occurrence of depressive symptoms, this study aimed to explore the factors influencing the inequality of depressive symptoms and their contribution among Chinese urban and rural employed people. METHODS This study utilized the 2020 China Family Panel Studies' national resampling data. Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the factors influencing the occurrence of depressive symptoms among employed persons in urban and rural areas in China, respectively. Fairlie decomposition was used to explore the contribution of influencing factors such as unpaid labor to the difference in the occurrence of depressive symptoms between urban and rural areas. RESULTS About 2,136 (21.70%) participants had depressive symptoms, of which 1,197 (24.75%) rural employed people had depressive symptoms and 939 (18.75%) urban employed people had depressive symptoms. The results of Fairlie decomposition analysis showed that 70.51% of the differences in depressive symptoms between urban and rural Chinese employed people could be explained by the covariates included in this study, including education level (52.44%), age (-11.91%), housework time (10.42%), self-rated health status (10.22%), self-rated income status (2.53%), exercise (2.36%), job satisfaction status (1.99%), chronic disease status (1.90%), and marital status (1.79%). CONCLUSION This study found that the proportion of depressive symptoms was lower among urban employed residents than among rural employed residents. This difference was mainly caused by unpaid labor time, socioeconomic status, personal lifestyle, and health status. Housework, which is one of the unpaid labor, contributed to this depressive symptom difference in the third place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Jiang
- Department of Health Management, Faculty of Military Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Department of Health Management, Faculty of Military Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijun Liu
- Department of Health Management, Faculty of Military Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenbang Wei
- Department of Health Management, Faculty of Military Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Bing
- Department of Health Management, Faculty of Military Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Health Management, Faculty of Military Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahao Liu
- Xiamen Special Service Health Center of the Army, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Health Management, Faculty of Military Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhai Sun
- Department of Health Management, Faculty of Military Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Yuan
- Department of Health Management, Faculty of Military Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Sasaki Y, Shobugawa Y, Nozaki I, Takagi D, Nagamine Y, Shirakura Y, Lwin KT, Zin PE, Bo TZ, Sone T, Win HH. Association between Internet use and depressive symptoms among older adults in two regions of Myanmar: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:145. [PMID: 38342899 PMCID: PMC10860261 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04729-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internet use has both positive and negative effects on mental health. However, few studies have examined the association between internet use and mental health among older adults in developing countries. This study aimed to investigate the association between Internet use and depressive symptoms among older adults in two regions of Myanmar. METHODS Data based on a visit to 1,200 older adults in urban and rural Myanmar were obtained through stratified random sampling using the cross-sectional baseline survey of the longitudinal study titled "Healthy and Active Aging in Myanmar." Our analysis included 1,186 participants. The dependent variable was depressive symptoms, and the 15-item version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was used as a continuous variable; the higher the score, the more likely a person was to be depressed. Internet use (one of the questions about household property ownership) was used as an independent variable. After confirming the absence of multicollinearity, we adjusted for age, gender, educational background, activities of daily living, residential area, and frequency of meeting friends, and stratified by subjective economic status (above or below average). We also examined the interaction between internet use and subjective economic status. A linear regression analysis was performed. RESULTS Among the 1,186 participants included in the analysis (women: 59.5%; median age: 68 years old), 202 (17.0%) were Internet users (95% Confidential Interval [CI]: 0.15, 0.19), and they had significantly lower GDS scores than the participants who did not use the Internet (B: -1.59, 95% CI: -2.04, -1.13).GDS showed a negative association with Internet use even in the multivariate analysis (B: -0.95, 95% CI: -1.41, -0.50). However, the interaction term for GDS between Internet use and subjective economic status was not significantly associated (B: 0.43, 95% CI: -1.11, 1.98). CONCLUSIONS Internet use and depressive symptoms were associated especially among the older adults. However, there were no significant interaction between Internet use and subjective economic status for GDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Sasaki
- Department of Public Health Policy, National Institute of Public Health, Wako City, 351-0197, Japan.
| | - Yugo Shobugawa
- Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Ikuma Nozaki
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Bureau of International Health Cooperation, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takagi
- Department of Health and Social Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuiko Nagamine
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
- Center for Preventive Medical Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuki Shirakura
- Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Kay Thi Lwin
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Medicine 1, Yangon, 245, Myanmar
| | - Poe Ei Zin
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Medicine 1, Yangon, 245, Myanmar
| | - Thae Zarchi Bo
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Medicine 1, Yangon, 245, Myanmar
| | - Tomofumi Sone
- National Institute of Public Health, Wako City, 351-0197, Japan
| | - Hla Hla Win
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Medicine 1, Yangon, 245, Myanmar
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Lin YC, Yan HT. Impact of Residential Area Characteristics and Political Group Participation on Depression Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Results of an 11-Year Longitudinal Study. Innov Aging 2024; 8:igae004. [PMID: 38426023 PMCID: PMC10902823 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives The claim that political group attendance is associated with poor mental health among older adults may be conditioned on geographic conditions. This study examined the geographical context in which political group participation may be associated with depression. Research Design and Methods The 11-year follow-up data from the Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging, covering 5,334 persons aged ≥50 years, were analyzed using random-effects panel logit models. Depression was assessed using 10 items on the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. Participants were asked to indicate whether they belonged to different social groups. We modeled depression as a function of political group participation (the independent variable) and geographical region (moderators), adjusting for individual-level characteristics. Results Respondents in political groups were more likely to report depression than those in nonpolitical groups (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.34-2.68). Between urban and rural settlements, there were no statistically significant differences in mental health outcomes among older adults engaged in political groups (AOR = 1.72, 95% CI = 0.81-3.67). For those who remained politically engaged, living in areas with lower levels of electoral competition was associated with a lower likelihood of depression (AOR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.86-0.98); this conditional effect was not prevalent among those who were solely engaged in nonpolitical groups (AOR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.99-1.03). Discussion and Implications Political group participation is associated with poor mental health among older adults living in politically competitive regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chun Lin
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Ting Yan
- Institute of Political Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wang J, Wang Y, Chen S, Fu T, Sun G. Urban-rural differences in key factors of depressive symptoms among Chinese older adults based on random forest model. J Affect Disord 2024; 344:292-300. [PMID: 37820963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a major challenge in the global healthy aging process, and exploring the key factors of depression in urban and rural older adults is essential for differentiated and precise interventions. OBJECTIVE To explore the urban-rural differences and key influencing factors of depressive symptoms among Chinese older adults. METHODS The data of 5267 older adults were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS2018). Random forest model and logistic regression were used to analyze the key factors influencing depressive symptoms 19 variables. RESULTS The detection rate of depressive symptoms in older adults was 31.0 %, with 22.3 % and 34.8 % in urban and rural areas, respectively. Education, self-rated health, self-rated pain, and self-rated vision were common factors. Physical activity (OR = 0.716 for Moderate PA), social activity (OR = 0.671 for social activity), and self-rated hearing (OR = 0.602 for good) were key factors specific to urban older adults, and alcohol consumption (OR = 0.716 for drinking more than once a month) and marital status (OR = 0.689 for cohabitation) were key factors specific to depressive symptoms in rural older adults (all P < 0.05). LIMITATION Cross-sectional data cannot reflect dynamic processes among variables; The cultural background might affect the cross-cultural validity of the study. CONCLUSION The key factors of depressive symptoms among older adults in urban and rural areas differed, which provides priority and references for differential prevention and precise intervention of depressive symptoms to promote the process of healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- School of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Yiwen Wang
- School of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Shufeng Chen
- School of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Tiantian Fu
- School of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Guoxiao Sun
- School of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
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Raeisvandi A, Amerzadeh M, Hajiabadi F, Hosseinkhani Z. Prevalence and the affecting factors on depression, anxiety and stress (DASS) among elders in Qazvin City, in the Northwest of Iran. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:202. [PMID: 37003975 PMCID: PMC10064625 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-03908-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression, anxiety, and stress are among the most common mental health disorders of the elderly that affect the health of individuals and society. Considering the growing trend of the elderly population in Iran, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of these disorders and to identify the factors affecting them in the elderly. METHODS We conducted this cross-sectional study using cluster random sampling on 301 elderly people referred to Qazvin health centers. Data was collected using the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21) questionnaire and analyzed through univariate and multivariate linear regression tests with the interaction between variables in STATA Version 14 software. A P-value of less than 0.05 was significant. RESULTS The prevalence of depression was 45.5%, anxiety 35.5%, and stress 40.2%. Our findings showed that 22.9%, 7.9%, and 14.3% of people had severe and very severe levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. The variables of age, comorbidity, living status and job status had a significant relationship with the DASS score (p < 0.05). There was an interaction between the variables of comorbidity and income status influencing the DASS score (β = 0.68, 95% CI 0.15, 1.22). CONCLUSION The prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress in the elderly was high, indicating the inappropriate status of their mental health. Therefore, it is necessary to take operational steps to reduce some problems in the elderly, prioritize the elderly suffering from concurrent diseases, the unemployed elderly, those who do not have a certain income, and the elderly who live alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abouzar Raeisvandi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amerzadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hajiabadi
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Zahra Hosseinkhani
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
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Yuan L, Xu Q, Gui J, Liu Y, Lin F, Zhao Z, Sun J. Decomposition and comparative analysis of differences in depressive symptoms between urban and rural older adults: Evidence from a national survey. Int Psychogeriatr 2023:1-12. [PMID: 36805733 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610223000078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the factors influencing urban-rural differences in depressive symptoms among old people in China and to measure the contribution of relevant influencing factors. DESIGN A cross-sectional research. The 2018 data from The Chinese Longitudinal Health Longevity Survey (CLHLS). SETTING Twenty-three provinces in China. PARTICIPANTS From the 8th CLHLS, 11,245 elderly participants were selected who met the requirements of the study. MEASUREMENTS We established binary logistic regression models to explore the main influencing factors of their depressive symptoms and used Fairlie models to analyze the influencing factors of the differences in depressive symptoms between the urban and rural elderly and their contribution. RESULTS The percentage of depressive symptoms among Chinese older adults was 11.72%, and the results showed that rural older adults (12.41%) had higher rates of depressive symptoms than urban (10.13%). The Fairlie decomposition analysis revealed that 73.96% of the difference in depressive symptoms could be explained, which was primarily associated with differences in annual income (31.51%), education level (28.05%), sleep time ( - 25.67%), self-reported health (24.18%), instrumental activities of daily living dysfunction (20.73%), exercise (17.72%), living status ( - 8.31%), age ( - 3.84%), activities of daily living dysfunction ( - 3.29%), and social activity (2.44%). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of depressive symptoms was higher in rural than in urban older adults, which was primarily associated with differences in socioeconomic status, personal lifestyle, and health status factors between the urban and rural residents. If these factors were addressed, we could make targeted and precise intervention strategies to improve the mental health of high-risk elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yuan
- Department of Health Management, Faculty of Military Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Xu
- Shanghai Zelgen Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Gui
- Department of Military Health Service Training, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Research Department of Characteristic Medical Center of PAP (People Armed Police), Tianjin, China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Department of Emergency, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuwang Lin
- Department of Health Service, The Affiliated Dongnan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fujian, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Department of Health Management, Faculty of Military Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhai Sun
- Department of Health Management, Faculty of Military Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Sundarakumar JS, Menesgere AL, Jain S, Hameed SKS, Ravindranath V. Prevalence of neuropsychiatric conditions and cognitive impairment in two parallel, aging study cohorts from rural and urban India. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [PMID: 36573020 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With the rising proportion of the elderly in India, the burden of neuropsychiatric conditions and cognitive impairment is escalating. METHODS Baseline data of cognitively healthy subjects ≥45 years of age, from two longitudinal, aging cohorts in rural (n = 3262) and urban (n = 693) India, were used to calculate prevalence of depression, early-life stressful events, stroke, head injury, and cognitive impairment. RESULTS Depression prevalence was significantly higher in rural than urban subjects, with female preponderance in both groups. Early life stressor (parental death) and head injury were significantly more common in rural than in urban India, whereas stroke was more in urban India. There was no significant difference in overall prevalence of cognitive impairment between the rural and urban cohorts; however, women had higher prevalence than men in rural, whereas this was reverse in urban subjects. Depression and stroke were significantly associated with cognitive impairment in the rural cohort. DISCUSSION Longitudinal assessment of these neuropsychiatric conditions, with parallel cognitive monitoring, will help identify their causal relationship with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shubham Jain
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Shafeeq K S Hameed
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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Subjective Assessments of Quality of Life Are Independently Associated with Depressive Symptoms among Older Adults Enrolled in Primary Care in Chile. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12071063. [PMID: 35887560 PMCID: PMC9322959 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12071063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In Chile, depressive symptoms are highly prevalent among Chilean older adults, and research that examines the factors associated with them is scarce. This study aimed to determine if subjective assessments of quality of life are associated with positive screen for depressive symptoms among older adults enrolled in primary care in Chile. The participants of the study were people aged 70 years or more enrolled in primary care centers in three Chilean cities. The 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale was used to determine depressive symptoms. Multivariate logistic models were used to determine the associations. Overall, 17.28% men, and 26.47% women (p = 0.003) screened positive for depression. Subjective assessments of quality of life, including self-perceived health, memory, quality of life, and pain, were associated with a positive screen for depression. Only 17.65% of men and 43.55% of women who screened positive for depressive symptoms reported a diagnosis of depression. Assessments of quality of life in health checks of older adults in primary care could contribute to narrow the diagnosis and treatment gap by improving the ability to identify those who are more likely to experience depressive symptoms.
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Sasaki Y, Shobugawa Y, Nozaki I, Takagi D, Nagamine Y, Funato M, Chihara Y, Shirakura Y, Lwin KT, Zin PE, Bo TZ, Sone T, Win HH. Association between Happiness and Economic Status among Older Adults in Two Myanmar Regions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:3216. [PMID: 35328904 PMCID: PMC8951419 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have examined whether objective or subjective economic status (ES) has a greater association with the happiness of older adults, despite concerns regarding the growing economic cost of morbidity and their functional dependence in developing countries with aging populations. Thus, this study examined whether objective/subjective ES was associated with happiness in older adults in two Myanmar regions. A multistage random sampling procedure and face-to-face interviews were conducted in the urban and rural areas of Myanmar. The happiness of 1200 participants aged >60 years was evaluated using a single happiness score ranging from 0 (very unhappy) to 10 (very happy). The wealth index, used as an objective ES, was calculated from 17 household asset items, such as radio, washing machines, and television. Subjective ES was assessed by asking “Which of the following best describes your current financial situation in light of general economic conditions?” Responses ranged from “very difficult” to “very comfortable”. Both low objective and subjective ES were negatively associated with happiness, after adjusting for confounding variables and stratification by region (urban and rural areas). Although objective and subjective ES had similar associations with happiness in urban areas, subjective ES had a stronger association in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Sasaki
- Department of International Health and Collaboration, National Institute of Public Health, Wako City 351-0197, Japan
| | - Yugo Shobugawa
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata City 951-8510, Japan; (Y.S.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.)
| | - Ikuma Nozaki
- Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan;
| | - Daisuke Takagi
- Department of Health and Social Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
| | - Yuiko Nagamine
- Department of Family Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan;
| | - Masafumi Funato
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Yuki Chihara
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata City 951-8510, Japan; (Y.S.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yuki Shirakura
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata City 951-8510, Japan; (Y.S.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.)
| | - Kay Thi Lwin
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Medicine 1, Yangon 245, Myanmar; (K.T.L.); (P.E.Z.); (T.Z.B.); (H.H.W.)
| | - Poe Ei Zin
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Medicine 1, Yangon 245, Myanmar; (K.T.L.); (P.E.Z.); (T.Z.B.); (H.H.W.)
| | - Thae Zarchi Bo
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Medicine 1, Yangon 245, Myanmar; (K.T.L.); (P.E.Z.); (T.Z.B.); (H.H.W.)
| | - Tomofumi Sone
- National Institute of Public Health, Wako City 351-0197, Japan;
| | - Hla Hla Win
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Medicine 1, Yangon 245, Myanmar; (K.T.L.); (P.E.Z.); (T.Z.B.); (H.H.W.)
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Social participation and depressive symptoms among older adults during the Covid-19 pandemic in Serbia: A cross-sectional study. Geriatr Nurs 2021; 44:8-14. [PMID: 34999368 PMCID: PMC8733672 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To determine the predictors and level of social participation and depressive symptoms within the context of isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic and investigate if the residence and type of housing had a moderating role in the relationship between social participation and depressive symptoms. Methods This cross-sectional, comparative, and correlational study was conducted on a sample of 299 participants. Research instruments used in this study included: socio-demographic questionnaire, the Geriatric Depression Scale, the Maastricht Social Participation Profile, and Mini-Mental State Exam. Results Social participation was found to contribute negatively to symptoms of depression (β = -0.245, p < .01), with a higher level of depression being found in older adults living in nursing homes (β = -0.152, p < .05). Conclusions The study confirmed a strong relationship between social participation and depressive symptoms in the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Kanamori M, Hanazato M, Takagi D, Kondo K, Ojima T, Amemiya A, Kondo N. Differences in depressive symptoms by rurality in Japan: a cross-sectional multilevel study using different aggregation units of municipalities and neighborhoods (JAGES). Int J Health Geogr 2021; 20:42. [PMID: 34565381 PMCID: PMC8474726 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-021-00296-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rurality can reflect many aspects of the community, including community characteristics that may be associated with mental health. In this study, we focused on geographical units to address multiple layers of a rural environment. By evaluating rurality at both the municipality and neighborhood (i.e., a smaller unit within a municipality) levels in Japan, we aimed to elucidate the relationship between depression and rurality. To explore the mechanisms linking rurality and depression, we examined how the association between rurality and depression can be explained by community social capital according to geographical units. Methods We used cross-sectional data from the 2016 wave of the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study involving 144,822 respondents aged 65 years or older residing in 937 neighborhoods across 39 municipalities. The population density quintile for municipality-level rurality and the quintile for the time required to reach densely inhabited districts for neighborhood-level rurality were used. We calculated the prevalence ratios of depressive symptoms by gender using a three-level (individual, neighborhood, and municipality) Poisson regression. Community social capital was assessed using three components: civic participation, social cohesion, and reciprocity. Results The prevalence of depressive symptoms was higher in municipalities with lower population density than those with the highest population density; the ratios were 1.22 (95% confidence intervals: 1.15, 1.30) for men and 1.22 (1.13, 1.31) for women. In contrast, when evaluating rurality at the neighborhood level, the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 0.9 times lower for men in rural areas; no such association was observed for women. In rural municipalities, community civic participation was associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms. In rural neighborhoods, community social cohesion and reciprocity were linked to a lower risk of depressive symptoms. Conclusions The association between rurality and depression varied according to geographical unit. In rural municipalities, the risk of depression may be higher for both men and women, and the presence of an environment conducive to civic participation may contribute to a higher risk of depression, as observed in this study. The risk of depression in men may be lower in rural neighborhoods in Japan, which may be related to high social cohesion and reciprocity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12942-021-00296-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Kanamori
- Department of Health and Social Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bldg. 3, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Social Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Science Frontier Laboratory, Kyoto University, Floor 2, Yoshida-konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyotoshi, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masamichi Hanazato
- Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoicho, Inage-ku, Chiba, Chiba, Japan.,Design Research Institute, Chiba University, 1-19-1, Bunka, Sumida-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takagi
- Department of Health and Social Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bldg. 3, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoicho, Inage-ku, Chiba, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Gerontological Evaluation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7 Chome 430, Moriokacho, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ojima
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Airi Amemiya
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Science Frontier Laboratory, Kyoto University, Floor 2, Yoshida-konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyotoshi, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoki Kondo
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Science Frontier Laboratory, Kyoto University, Floor 2, Yoshida-konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyotoshi, Kyoto, Japan.
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