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Du M, Liu M, Wang Y, Qin C, Liu J. Global burden of sleep disturbances among older adults and the disparities by geographical regions and pandemic periods. SSM Popul Health 2024; 25:101588. [PMID: 38225953 PMCID: PMC10788304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep disturbances are highly prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially among older adults. We aimed to evaluate sleep heath during COVID-19 pandemic and assess the differences among geographical regions and pandemic periods. We searched three databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science) to find articles up to March 12, 2023. We included observational studies that reported the prevalence of sleep disturbances among adults aged 60 years or older in any setting. Two researchers independently reviewed the literature and retrieved the data. We used Der Simonian-Laird random effects meta-analyses to pool the data, followed by subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and meta-regression. A total of 64 studies with 181,224 older adults during the pandemic were included. The prevalence of poor sleep quality, short sleep duration, long sleep duration, and insomnia symptoms were 47.12% (95% CI: 25.97%, 68.27%), 40.81% (95% CI: 18.49%, 63.12%), 31.61% (95% CI: 24.83%, 38.38%), and 21.15% (95% CI: 15.30%, 27.00%), respectively. The prevalence of sleep problems reported by self-constructed items was 26.97% (95% CI: 20.73%, 33.22%). When compared to America (64.13%), Europe (20.23%) and the Western Pacific (21.31%) showed a lower prevalence of sleep problems (all P < 0.0001). The prevalence of worsened sleep problems was 27.88% (95% CI: 11.94%, 43.82%). Compared to 2020 (15.14%), it increased to 47.42% in 2021 (P < 0.05). Eight studies on sleep disturbances among 672 older COVID-19 patients were included. The prevalence of sleep problems and insomnia symptoms among older COVID-19 patients were 41.58% (95% CI: 21.97%, 61.20%) and 41.56% (95% CI: 28.11%, 58.02%), respectively. A significant burden related to poor sleep has been observed among older adults worldwide over the past three years, with variations across different regions and time periods. It is important to make more efforts in prevention and intervention to identify the risk factors, treatment, and rehabilitation of sleep disturbances for healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, No.38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, No.38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, No.38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyuan Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, No.38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jue Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, No.38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University, No.5, Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
- Global Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research & Global Health and Infectious Diseases Group, Peking University, No.38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, No.38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, USA
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Omori Y, Oka N, Suzuki Y, Shima M, Nishikawa H, Tsuzuki K. Impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic on Medical Practices in Awaji Island. JMA J 2024; 7:61-69. [PMID: 38314427 PMCID: PMC10834151 DOI: 10.31662/jmaj.2023-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Since the first confirmed case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China, COVID-19 continues to be a global threat and exerts a significant impact on medical practices. This study aims to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical practices in Awaji Island, a remote island in Japan. Methods First, we conducted a survey on the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 on Awaji Island before and during the pandemic. Next, using a questionnaire, we conducted a survey with doctors working full time at Hyogo Prefectural Awaji Medical Center, which is the only designated infectious disease hospital on Awaji Island. Results The COVID-19 infection rate of Awaji Island was lower than that of Hyogo Prefecture and of Japan as a whole, although the peaks occurred simultaneously. Outpatient visits as well as hospitalized patients, i.e., inpatients, decreased during the pandemic as a result of restrictions on surgeries and hospitalizations, with no changes in the disease composition ratio. The results of the questionnaire show that during the pandemic, doctors working full time at our hospital worked less and slept more. Furthermore, data obtained from the Medical Affairs Department showed a decrease in overtime hours worked and an increase in the number of days of paid holidays taken. Conclusions Epidemiologically, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Awaji Island showed a similar trend to that in Japan, but the results of the survey questionnaire indicated that doctors working full time at our hospital were not necessarily adversely affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Omori
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hyogo Prefectural Awaji Medical Center, Sumoto, Japan
| | - Naoto Oka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hyogo Prefectural Awaji Medical Center, Sumoto, Japan
| | - Yasukuni Suzuki
- Department of Surgery, Hyogo Prefectural Awaji Medical Center, Sumoto, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shima
- Department of Public Health, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nishikawa
- Department of 2nd Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Kenzo Tsuzuki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan
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Bringel JMDA, Abreu I, Muniz MCMC, de Almeida PC, Silva MRG. Excessive Noise in Neonatal Units and the Occupational Stress Experienced by Healthcare Professionals: An Assessment of Burnout and Measurement of Cortisol Levels. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2002. [PMID: 37510443 PMCID: PMC10379383 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11142002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive noise in the work environment has been associated with extra-auditory symptoms, which can have harmful long-term effects on individuals. The purpose of this study was to identify noise levels in neonatal intensive care units and investigate their impact on the occurrence of stress among healthcare professionals, using cortisol levels as a biomarker for Burnout Syndrome. This descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional study was conducted in four public teaching hospitals in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Sound pressure levels in the environment were measured, and questionnaires were administered to collect sociodemographic data and assess perceptions of the work environment and Burnout symptoms. Saliva samples were collected at the beginning and end of work shifts for cortisol quantification. The average sound pressure ranged from 59.9 to 66.4 dB(A), exceeding the recommended levels set by Brazilian and international legislation. Among the 256 participants, the average age was 39.4 years, with 95% being female. The majority (70.9%) were nurses, and 22.7% were physicians. There was no significant association found between noise and Burnout Syndrome, nor with changes in cortisol levels. However, a significant association was observed between the perception of excessive noise and the sensation of a stressful work shift (p = 0.012). All evaluated professionals displayed symptoms of Burnout. The high sound pressure levels indicated that the assessed environments did not meet the recommended standards for acoustic comfort, and this was associated with the participants' perception of stressful work shifts. While Burnout symptoms were evident in our participants, it was not possible to confirm a correlation with high noise levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabel Abreu
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
- FP-I3ID, University Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Paulo César de Almeida
- Postgraduate Program in Clinical Health Care Nursing, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza 60714-903, Brazil
| | - Maria-Raquel G Silva
- FP-I3ID, University Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- CIAS-Research Centre for Anthropology and Health-Human Biology, Health and Society, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- CHRC-Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Nova Medical School, Nova University of Lisbon, 1150-090 Lisbon, Portugal
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Sampaio F, Gaspar S, Fonseca C, Lopes MJ, Paiva T, Guedes de Pinho L. Sleep Quality between Nurses and the General Population during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Portugal: What Are the Differences? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20085531. [PMID: 37107813 PMCID: PMC10139164 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20085531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Although several studies have described the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly on sleep quality, there are few studies that, in the same time period and using the same assessment tools, compare sleep quality and mental health status between nurses and the general population. Thus, the aim of this study was to (a) examine whether there were differences between nurses and the general population regarding sleep quality and mental health status during the COVID-19 pandemic and (b) identify which factors may explain sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic. To do that, we carried out a cross-sectional study in Portugal. Data were collected using an online survey platform during the first COVID-19 wave, from April to August 2020. Nurses presented poorer sleep quality than the general population, as well as higher anxiety levels. Irritability and worries about the future were two of the factors that might explain those differences. Thus, we can conclude that irritability and worries about the future are dimensions of anxiety that were associated with poor sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, it would be important to adopt regular anxiety and sleep assessments, particularly for nurses, and to implement strategies to reduce this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Sampaio
- Nursing School of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 830, 844, 856, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Nursing School of Porto (ESEP), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (L.G.d.P.)
| | - Susana Gaspar
- School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, R. Dr. José Correia Maltez, 7800-111 Beja, Portugal
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Ed. Egas Moniz, Piso 0, Ala C, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - César Fonseca
- Nursing Department, Universidade de Évora, Largo do Senhor da Pobreza, 7000-811 Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de Évora, Largo do Senhor da Pobreza, 7000-811 Évora, Portugal
| | - Manuel José Lopes
- Nursing Department, Universidade de Évora, Largo do Senhor da Pobreza, 7000-811 Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de Évora, Largo do Senhor da Pobreza, 7000-811 Évora, Portugal
| | - Teresa Paiva
- CENC—Sleep Medicine Center, Rua Conde das Antas, 5, 1070-068 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Ed. Egas Moniz, Piso 0, Ala C, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Center, Nova Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua do Instituto Bacteriológico, 5, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lara Guedes de Pinho
- Nursing Department, Universidade de Évora, Largo do Senhor da Pobreza, 7000-811 Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de Évora, Largo do Senhor da Pobreza, 7000-811 Évora, Portugal
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (L.G.d.P.)
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Ruiz-Herrera N, Díaz-Román A, Guillén-Riquelme A, Quevedo-Blasco R. Sleep Patterns during the COVID-19 Lockdown in Spain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4841. [PMID: 36981756 PMCID: PMC10049045 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To mitigate the spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, governments around the world adopted exceptional lockdown measures. This led to the disruption of normal life routines, including sleep. The aim of this study was to analyze differences in sleep patterns and subjective variables of sleep quality before and during lockdown. METHODS A sample of 1673 Spanish adults (30% men; 82% of the total were between 21 and 50 years of age) was evaluated. The following sleep variables were evaluated: Sleep latency, sleep time, number and duration of awakenings, sleep satisfaction, daytime sleepiness, and the manifestation of symptoms related to sleep problems. RESULTS Although 45% of people changed their sleep schedules (resulting in 42% sleeping longer during lockdown), sleep quality (37.6% worse), daytime sleepiness (28% worse), number of awakenings (36.9% more), and duration of awakenings (45% longer) were markedly worse. Statistical analyses indicated significant differences in all the evaluated sleep variables before and during lockdown in both men and women. Women reported less sleep satisfaction, and more symptoms related to sleep problems than men. CONCLUSIONS A deterioration in the sleep patterns of the Spanish population, especially women, because of the lockdown declared due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Ruiz-Herrera
- Faculty of Health Sciences, International University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | | | | | - Raúl Quevedo-Blasco
- Centre for Mind, Brain, and Behaviour Research (CIMCYC) and Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
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Klein T, Braunsmann L, Koschate J, Hoffmann U, Foitschik T, Krieger S, Crucian B, Schneider S, Abeln V. Short-term isolation effects on the brain, cognitive performance, and sleep-The role of exercise. Front Physiol 2023; 14:903072. [PMID: 36798941 PMCID: PMC9927017 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.903072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Isolation is stressful and negatively affects sleep and mood and might also affect the structure and function of the brain. Physical exercise improves brain function. We investigated the influence of physical exercise during isolation on sleep, affect, and neurobehavioral function. N = 16 were isolated for 30 days with daily exercise routines (ISO100) and n = 16 isolated for 45 days with every second day exercise (ISO50). N = 27 were non-isolated controls who either exercised on a daily basis (CTRLEx) or refused exercise (CTRLNonEx) for 30 days. At the beginning and the end of each intervention, intravenous morning cortisol, melatonin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and IGF-1, positive and negative affect scales, electroencephalography, cognitive function, and sleep patterns (actigraphy) were assessed. High levels of cortisol were observed for the isolated groups (p < .05) without negative effects on the brain, cognitive function, sleep, and mood after 4 to 6 weeks of isolation, where physical exercise was performed regularly. An increase in cortisol and impairments of sleep quality, mood, cognitive function, and neurotrophic factors (p < .05) were observed after 4 weeks of absence of physical exercise in the CTRLNonEx group. These findings raise the assumption that regular physical exercise routines are a key component during isolation to maintain brain health and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Klein
- Institute of Movement and Neuroscience, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany,University of Rostock, Institute of Sport Science, Rostock, Germany,Centre for Health and Integrative Physiology in Space (CHIPS), German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany,VasoActive Research Group, School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, Australia,*Correspondence: Timo Klein, ; Vera Abeln,
| | - Leonard Braunsmann
- Institute of Movement and Neuroscience, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jessica Koschate
- Geriatric Medicine, Department for Health Services Research, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Cologne, Germany
| | - Uwe Hoffmann
- Centre for Health and Integrative Physiology in Space (CHIPS), German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tina Foitschik
- Institute of Movement and Neuroscience, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Brian Crucian
- NASA-Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Stefan Schneider
- Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, Center for Health and Integrative Physiology in Space, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany,School of Maritime Studies, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. Johns, NL, Canada,Faculty for Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, Australia
| | - Vera Abeln
- Institute of Movement and Neuroscience, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany,Centre for Health and Integrative Physiology in Space (CHIPS), German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany,*Correspondence: Timo Klein, ; Vera Abeln,
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Iio Y, Mori Y, Aoyama Y, Kozai H, Tanaka M, Aoike M, Kawamura H, Seguchi M, Tsurudome M, Ito M. A Survey of Living Conditions and Psychological Distress in Japanese University Freshmen during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 11:healthcare11010094. [PMID: 36611555 PMCID: PMC9819178 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, educational institutions have implemented measures such as school closures, raising concerns regarding the increase in psychological distress among university students. The purpose of this study is to identify factors that have influenced psychological distress among college freshmen during the COVID-19 pandemic. A questionnaire survey was conducted at the conclusion of the sixth wave of COVID-19 in Japan. Psychological distress was measured using the six-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6). Factors affecting psychological distress were calculated using regression analysis. Of the 2536 participants, 1841 (72.6%) reported having no psychological distress, while 695 (27.4%) reported having psychological distress. Factors that were identified to contribute to psychological distress were lack of sleep, weight gain or loss, worsening of interpersonal relationships, and physical symptoms and illnesses. A willingness to join an athletic club and having an environment in which it is easy to discuss worries and anxieties with others were factors that were identified to hinder psychological distress. It is necessary for universities to offer enhanced supports for physical and interpersonal activities. Additionally, it is imperative to encourage students to look after their physical health and to actively utilize university-based consultation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Iio
- Graduate School of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
- Department of Lifelong Sports and Health Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Mori
- Graduate School of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
- Center for Nursing Practicum Support, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Yuka Aoyama
- Graduate School of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
- Department of Clinical Engineering, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Hana Kozai
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tanaka
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Makoto Aoike
- Graduate School of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Hatsumi Kawamura
- Graduate School of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Manato Seguchi
- Graduate School of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Masato Tsurudome
- Graduate School of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Science, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Morihiro Ito
- Graduate School of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
- Department of Lifelong Sports and Health Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Science, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
- Correspondence:
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Canas-Simião H, Reis C, Carreiras D, Espada-Santos P, Paiva T. Health-Related Behaviors and Perceived Addictions: Predictors of Depression During the COVID Lockdown. J Nerv Ment Dis 2022; 210:613-621. [PMID: 35120055 PMCID: PMC9351507 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic led to a worldwide implementation of measures to contain the virus from spreading, and social isolation was one of those measures. Social isolation is associated with increased susceptibility to various neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression. Because this risk varies between populations and their respective habits, understanding which behaviors play a positive or harmful role is fundamental for people with depression under these conditions. This study aims to 1) compare health-related behaviors (HRBs) and perceived addictions between healthy individuals and individuals who reported having a depressive disorder at the time of the first outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal, and 2) test which HRB and perceived addictions are associated with depression. Participants were a matched for age and sex and comprised 968 adults divided into two groups: healthy (484, 50%) and depressed (484, 50%). They completed online self-report questionnaires, and the data were analyzed in SPSS. Logistic regressions showed that being a health professional, getting up in a later time during weekends, and a higher consumption of soft drinks increased the risk for depression. In contrast, higher education and higher intensity of physical activity decreased this risk. Perceived addictions to TV, social networking, and gaming increased the risk for depression. HRBs and the identified addictions associated with depression during the confinement should be targeted in clinical and community interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Canas-Simião
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental
- CENC–Sleep Medicine Center
- Comprehensive Health Research Center, Nova Medical School
| | - Cátia Reis
- CENC–Sleep Medicine Center
- Catholic Research Center for Psychological Family and Social Wellbeing, Catholic University
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon
| | - Diogo Carreiras
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention, University of Coimbra, Coimbra
| | - Pedro Espada-Santos
- CENC–Sleep Medicine Center
- Psychiatry Department, Hospital Dr. José de Almeida, Cascais, Portugal
| | - Teresa Paiva
- CENC–Sleep Medicine Center
- Comprehensive Health Research Center, Nova Medical School
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon
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de Almondes KM, Castro EDAS, Paiva T. Morbidities Worsening Index to Sleep in the Older Adults During COVID-19: Potential Moderators. Front Psychol 2022; 13:913644. [PMID: 35832914 PMCID: PMC9271867 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.913644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Older adults were considered a vulnerable group for the COVID-19 infection and its consequences, including problems with sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Moraes de Almondes
- Department of Psychology and Postgraduate Program in Psychobiology, AMBSONO Sleep Clinic, Onofre Lopes University Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Katie Moraes de Almondes,
| | | | - Teresa Paiva
- CENC –Sleep Medicine Center, Lisbon, Portugal
- ISAMB – Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Ecological Model Explaining the Psychosocial Adaptation to COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095159. [PMID: 35564553 PMCID: PMC9099994 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study is to understand and characterize the adoption of an ecological perspective and the physical, psychological, social, and contextual health factors that may influence the adjustment to and mental health experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study included 5479 participants, of which 3710 were female (67.7%), aged between 18 and 90 years old, with a mean age of 48.57 years (SD = 14.29), were considered three age groups: 21.5% up to 35 years old, 61.8% between 36 and 64 years old, and 16.7% 65 years old or more. The mental health and individual adjustment to the COVID-19 situation are explained by socio-demographic factors, health-related factors, lifestyles, attitudes and behaviors, lockdown experience, and place of residence. A better adaptation and mental health are observed among men, people with a higher educational level, people with lower sadness, nervousness, and burnout, and people whose health situation did not worsen with the pandemic. In terms of lifestyle, a better adaptation is related to a better quality of sleep, fewer nightmares, a higher practice of physical activity, and less consumption of processed foods and sweets. A better adaptation is also associated with lower levels of dependence on alcohol, TV, and SN (social networks) and a more positive experience of the lockdown imposed by the pandemic. Gender and age group differences in the described context were studied. Promoting a better adjustment and improved mental health when dealing with the COVID-19 requires an ecological understanding and multitarget interventions, targeting physical, mental, and social health together with the contextual environment.
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de Almondes KM, Castro EDAS, Paiva T. Sleep Habits, Quality of Life and Psychosocial Aspects in the Older Age: Before and During COVID-19. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:694894. [PMID: 35401078 PMCID: PMC8988186 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.694894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to describe sleep habits, quality of life and psychosocial aspects in older people and analyze associated differences considering the time before COVID-19 pandemic and during its first wave in Portugal. Methods Online survey used for data collection received answers from 914 elderly (age range 65 – 90y), from April to August 2020. Results Symptoms of self-perception of depression, anxiety, irritability and economic problems were not prominent in the elderly, except for worries concerning uncertainty about the future. There was no difference in sleep duration before and during the pandemic, although there was a worsening of some aspects related to sleep, such as sleep quality, sleep efficiency, awakening quality, sleep latency and nocturnal awakenings. Gender comparisons showed a higher vulnerability in women. Some morbidities got worse during the pandemic among the elderly, such as Insomnia, Headaches, Depression, Tinnitus, among others. Conclusion Even though our data suggest that the pandemic did not have a great impact on quality of life, sleep quality and psychosocial aspects in the elderly, they were still affected by the worsening of their health conditions, including sleep and morbidities. Some behaviors may act as protective factors in this population, such as walking and keeping contact with others, as well as other aspects like financial stability, high level of education and family support, as they can help them to cope better with difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Moraes de Almondes
- Neuropsychology of Ageing Service, Department of Psychology and Postgraduate Program in Psychobiology, AMBSONO Sleep Clinic, Onofre Lopes University Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Teresa Paiva
- CENC -Sleep Medicine Center, Lisbon, Portugal.,ISAMB - Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,CHRC - Comprehensive Health Research Center, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Branquinho C, Paiva T, Guedes F, Gaspar T, Tomé G, Gaspar de Matos M. Health risk behaviors before and during COVID-19 and gender differences. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 50:1102-1110. [PMID: 34517436 PMCID: PMC8657327 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Changes in routines and habits, fear of contamination from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus, and economic crisis have resulted in significant impacts upon individuals' lives, health, and risk behaviors. The present study aims to analyze health risk behaviors and gender differences of Portuguese adults before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. A quantitative analysis using SPSS v. 26 software presents the evaluation of 5746 responses (M = 48.5 years, SD = 14.3), of which 67.7% were female. t Test was used to study differences in means before and during the pandemic and analysis of variance test to analyze gender differences. In the comparative study before and during the pandemic showed a decrease in the number of meals per day, physical activity and perception of sleep quality; an increase in tobacco use, beer consumption, and media use (TV, mobile phone, social networks, and online games). Gender differences study demonstrated that the number of meals per day suffered a decrease from pre to pandemic in women, while increasing in men, becoming prominent in the second moment under study. Both genders had an increase in consumption behaviors and substance use, but women revealed a decrease in the consumption of wine during the pandemic, while men revealed more consumption behaviors in the variables under study. The use of media also changed, with men showing a higher level in TV hours per day, social networks and online games before the pandemic and in TV hours per day and games/online during the pandemic. Women stand out in the use of mobile phone per day during the pandemic. Daily physical activity decreased during the pandemic, as did sleep quality. Males revealed a higher practice of physical activity at both periods, as well as sleep quality. Based on the results presented, it is expected that considerations and actions in the scope of public health policies and health prevention and promotion, will be rethought and adapted to the specificities of each gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Branquinho
- Aventura Social Project, Faculty of Human MotricityUniversity of LisbonLisbonPortugal
- Department of Education, Social Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Human KineticsUniversity of LisbonLisbonPortugal
- ISAMB Research Center, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of LisbonLisbonPortugal
| | - Teresa Paiva
- CENC—Centre for Electroencephalography and Clinical NeurophysiologyLisbonPortugal
| | - Fábio Guedes
- Aventura Social Project, Faculty of Human MotricityUniversity of LisbonLisbonPortugal
- Department of Education, Social Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Human KineticsUniversity of LisbonLisbonPortugal
- ISAMB Research Center, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of LisbonLisbonPortugal
| | - Tânia Gaspar
- Aventura Social Project, Faculty of Human MotricityUniversity of LisbonLisbonPortugal
- ISAMB Research Center, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of LisbonLisbonPortugal
- Faculty of Social Sciences and HumanitiesLusíada University of LisbonLisbonPortugal
| | - Gina Tomé
- Aventura Social Project, Faculty of Human MotricityUniversity of LisbonLisbonPortugal
- Department of Education, Social Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Human KineticsUniversity of LisbonLisbonPortugal
- ISAMB Research Center, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of LisbonLisbonPortugal
| | - Margarida Gaspar de Matos
- Aventura Social Project, Faculty of Human MotricityUniversity of LisbonLisbonPortugal
- Department of Education, Social Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Human KineticsUniversity of LisbonLisbonPortugal
- ISAMB Research Center, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of LisbonLisbonPortugal
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Gargiulo AT, Peterson LM, Grafe LA. Stress, coping, resilience, and sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic: A representative survey study of US adults. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e2384. [PMID: 34661981 PMCID: PMC8613418 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health emergency resulting in widespread death and substantial disruption to daily life. Previous research has shown that novel disease outbreaks are associated with high stress levels and sleep impairments that lead to neuropsychiatric consequences. Therefore, it is vital to study both stress and protective factors such as coping and resilience that may hinder or help sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further, as gender disparities exist in sleep quality, it is important to understand the relationship between pandemic-related stress, coping strategies, resilience, and sleep in bothgenders during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Our study examined how gender, stress, coping, and resilience were associated with sleep cross-sectionally during the COVID-19 pandemic in a representative sample of US adults (N = 393). RESULTS Consistent with many recent studies, we found that worsened sleep quality in women compared to men persisted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interestingly, pandemic-related stress was not significantly associated with sleep quality, but pandemicrelated coping was associated with sleep independent of robust controls and trait resilience. CONCLUSIONS Greater primary control engagement coping was associated with better sleep quality, while involuntary engagement coping was associated with poor sleep quality. Future research should extend the findings with actigraphy and explore ways to enhance beneficial coping and sleep health during pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T. Gargiulo
- Department of PsychologyBryn Mawr College Bryn MawrBryn MawrPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Laurel M. Peterson
- Department of PsychologyBryn Mawr College Bryn MawrBryn MawrPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Laura A. Grafe
- Department of PsychologyBryn Mawr College Bryn MawrBryn MawrPennsylvaniaUSA
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Sleep Habits during COVID-19 Confinement: An Exploratory Analysis from Portugal. INFORMATICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/informatics8030051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic consequences are tragic, and many problems will persist after the health problem ends. Some studies have focused on mental health issues, reporting worrying percentages. It is known that there is a bidirectional relationship between mental health and sleep quality, and it would be expected that sleep would be affected by the pandemic. In order to know the Portuguese people’s habits before and during the confinement, we carried out a survey of 188 people aged 13 to 84 (38 ± 15) to find out the most frequent sleep patterns, habits and disorders before and during confinement. With this survey it was also intended to measure the most frequent changes in sleep patterns, habits, and disturbances on the general population and according to demographic data (gender, age group and professional status), sleep disorders arise, perceptions about sleep during confinement and if Portuguese think that in the future the sleep patterns will be the pre or during outbreak. Results indicate that, comparing before and during confinement, there is a slight correlation between gender and sleep disorders (before vs. during), a correlation between age group and professional status time to wake up, and between professional status and sleep disorders, and a strong correlation between the professional situation and changes in the invigorated feeling level (p < 0.001). Support for mental health and interventions to improve sleep quality should be offered to the population in general, and, according to our study, the Portuguese population.
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Salehinejad MA, Azarkolah A, Ghanavati E, Nitsche MA. Circadian disturbances, sleep difficulties and the COVID-19 pandemic. Sleep Med 2021; 91:246-252. [PMID: 34334305 PMCID: PMC8277544 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed extraordinary and unpredictable changes on our lifestyle for an unknown duration. Consequently, core aspects of wellbeing including behavior, emotion, cognition, and social interactions are negatively affected. Sleep and circadian rhythms, with an extensive impact on physiology, behavior, emotion, and cognition are affected too. We provided an updated overview of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on circadian rhythms and sleep based on the results of published studies (n = 48) in three sections. First, we focus on circadian misalignment due to the pandemic in the general population (including shift workers, health staff, students) and COVID-19 patients and summarize the most critically contributing factors to circadian misalignment. Next, we address sleep difficulties and poor sleep quality during the pandemic, their contributing factors, rate and prevalence, and their effects on both the general population and COVID-19 patients. Finally, we summarize the currently applied/recommended interventions for aligning circadian rhythms and improving sleep quality in both, the general population, and COVID-19 patients during the pandemic situation. Briefly, circadian misalignment and sleep difficulties are common consequences of the pandemic in the general population (with elderly, students, children, health and night-work shifters as risk groups) and COVID-19 patients. Home confinement and its physiological, circadian, and psychological derivates are central to these difficulties. Symptoms severity, treatment progress, recovery duration, and even diagnosis of COVID-19 patients are considerably affected by circadian and sleep difficulties. Behavioral interventions for normalizing the factors that contribute to circadian and sleep difficulties are helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Salehinejad
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Anita Azarkolah
- Department of Psychiatry, Fatemi Hospital, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Elham Ghanavati
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
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