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Viana DSL, Kawagoe JY. Emergency units and COVID-19: Burnout, and empathy reported by nursing professionals and perceived by patients. Rev Bras Enferm 2023; 76:e20210869. [PMID: 38055466 DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate Burnout Syndrome and empathy self-reported by the nursing staff and empathy perceived by the patient. METHOD Cross-sectional study in a public emergency unit in São Paulo (from October/2020 to March/2021). The nursing staff answered the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Consultation and Relational Empathy Measure-Nurses (Brazilian version), whereas adult patients answered the Consultation and Relational Empathy Measure (Brazilian version). Descriptive and inferential analysis, with a 5% significance level. RESULTS A total of 92 professionals and 271 patients participated. Most professionals reported impact of COVID-19 (80; 86.96%) and, among them, increased Burnout Syndrome (93; 75%), but with low emotional exhaustion (71; 74%), low depersonalization (59; 78%) and high level of professional accomplishment (72; 83%). Most reported impact and increased empathy, and the results reported by professionals and patients (mean and standard deviation) were: 39.89 (6.44) and 38.25 (9.45), respectively. CONCLUSION The professionals reported a low level of Burnout Syndrome and a high level of empathy in pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Yaeko Kawagoe
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein. São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Shi Y, Zhou JX, Shi JL, Pan JF, Dai JY, Gao Q. Association between proactive personality and professional identity of nursing undergraduates: The mediating role of resilience and irrational belief. Nurse Educ Pract 2023; 71:103729. [PMID: 37506426 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM To examine the relationship between proactive personality and professional identity of undergraduate nursing students, including the role of psychological resilience and irrational belief as mediators. BACKGROUND Personality has been shown to play a crucial role in determining professional identity. However, the influence of proactive personality on professional identity in the nursing field is poorly understood and requires further investigation. DESIGN We conducted a cross-sectional study in China. Between July and December of 2021, 860 nursing undergraduates participated in an online questionnaire survey. METHODS Four main variables (proactive personality, psychological resilience, irrational belief and professional identity) and two covariates (willingness to choose nursing profession and family attitude towards nursing) were assessed. The assessment tools chosen are both valid and reliable. To test the proposed multi-mediation model, linear regression analysis by Hayes's SPSS macro-PROCESS was used. RESULTS The results revealed that PP, PR and PI were positively connected with one another, but negatively with IB. PP positively predicted PI through direct and indirect paths, after controlling for two covariates. The percentage of indirect path (78.72%) outweighed the direct path (21.28%). The indirect effect of PR (72.51%) was higher than that of PR and IB (6.21%). PI was also positively predicted by students' "Yes" willingness and families' "supportive" attitude towards nursing. CONCLUSION This study stated that nursing educators should take nursing students' PP seriously, which would allow for activities to be taken to improve their PR and decrease their IB, hence continuously enhancing their PI. In addition, respecting students' professional aspirations and improving family support may also be valuable ways to boost their PI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Shi
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; School of Nursing & School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu province, China.
| | - Jing-Xin Zhou
- School of Nursing & School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu province, China.
| | - Jiang-Lin Shi
- School of Nursing & School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu province, China.
| | - Jo-Fan Pan
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Jia-Yang Dai
- School of Nursing & School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu province, China.
| | - Qiang Gao
- School of Nursing & School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu province, China.
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Effects of Personality Traits and Mentalization on Workplace Bullying Experiences among Intensive Care Unit Nurses. J Nurs Manag 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/5360734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Aim. This study aimed to investigate the effects of intensive care unit nurses’ personality traits and mentalization on workplace bullying after controlling for organizational culture. Background. Nurses’ personality traits and mentalization may significantly influence workplace bullying. Methods. This cross-sectional study collected data from 416 nurses using an online survey in July 2022. Major variables were evaluated using the Pathological Narcissism Inventory, Perfectionistic Self-Presentation and Psychological Distress Scale, Short Dark Triad, Mentalization Scale, Positive Nursing Organizational Culture Measurement Tool, and the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised. . A multiple regression analysis was performed. Results. Narcissistic vulnerability, mentalization, and perfectionistic self-presentation significantly influence workplace bullying (victim aspect). Dark personality, mentalization, and perfectionistic self-presentation significantly influence workplace bullying (perpetrator aspect). Conclusions. Individual nurses could become either victims of bullying or perpetrators according to their personality traits. Therefore, it is necessary to determine their personality traits, so that they do not become influencing factors in workplace bullying. Implications for Nursing Management. Efforts at a nursing organization level are crucial to understand nurses’ personality traits, enhance their mentalization, minimize the manifestations of the negative aspects of their traits, and positively affect the prevention and alleviation of workplace bullying.
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Louwen C, Reidlinger D, Milne N. Profiling health professionals' personality traits, behaviour styles and emotional intelligence: a systematic review. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:120. [PMID: 36803372 PMCID: PMC9938999 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04003-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-cognitive traits have been theorised to predict characteristics, career choice and outcomes of health professionals and could represent a homogenous group. This study aims to profile and compare personality traits, behaviour styles and emotional intelligence of health practitioners across a variety of professions. METHODS Empirical literature was systematically reviewed. A two-concept search strategy was applied to four databases (CINAHL, PubMed, Embase, ProQuest). Title/abstract and full text articles were screened against inclusion and exclusion criteria. Methodological quality was assessed using Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Data was synthesised narratively and meta-aggregated where feasible. RESULTS Three hundred twenty-one studies representing 153 assessment tools of personality (n = 83 studies), behaviour (n = 8), and emotional intelligence (n = 62) were included. Most studies (n = 171) explored personality (medicine, nursing, nursing assistants, dentistry, allied health, paramedics), revealing variation in traits across professions. Behaviour styles were least measured with only ten studies exploring these across four health professions (nursing, medicine, occupational therapy, psychology). Emotional intelligence (n = 146 studies) varied amongst professions (medicine, nursing, dentistry, occupational therapy, physiotherapy, radiology) with all exhibiting average to above-average scores. CONCLUSION Personality traits, behaviour styles and emotional intelligence are all key characteristics of health professionals reported in the literature. There is both heterogeneity and homogeneity within and between professional groups. The characterisation and understanding of these non-cognitive traits will aid health professionals to understand their own non-cognitive features and how these might be useful in predicting performance with potential to adapt these to enhance success within their chosen profession.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Louwen
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Robina, Gold Coast, QLD 4226 Australia
| | - D. Reidlinger
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Robina, Gold Coast, QLD 4226 Australia
| | - N. Milne
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Robina, Gold Coast, QLD 4226 Australia
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Cui Y, Yang T, Zhang M, Liu N, Liu Q, Zhang L, Zhang L, Yang H, Zhang Y. Influence of empathy on work alienation among Chinese nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: The mediating effect of ego depletion. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1057460. [PMID: 36818075 PMCID: PMC9932043 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1057460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nurses' work alienation has become increasingly serious due to the increase in workload and risk during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, no studies have investigated the link between empathy, ego depletion, and work alienation among Chinese nurses. The present study aimed to evaluate Chinese nurses' empathy, ego depletion, and work alienation and to examine whether nurses' ego depletion mediates the relationship between empathy and work alienation. Methods This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study involving 353 nurses from Shaanxi. The Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Health Professionals, Self-Regulating Fatigue Scale and Work Alienation Questionnaire were used to collect data through an online survey. Structural equation modeling was conducted to analyze the mediating model. Results Work alienation was negatively correlated with empathy (r = -0.305, p < 0.01) and positively correlated with ego depletion (r = 0.652, p < 0.01). Empathy was negatively correlated with ego depletion (r = -0.325, p < 0.01). Empathy can directly predict work alienation (β = -0.263, p < 0.01), while ego depletion has a mediating effect between empathy and work alienation (β = -0.309, p < 0.01), and the mediating effect accounts for 54.02% of the total effect. Conclusion Nurses' work alienation was at a moderate-to-high level. Improving empathy can reduce work alienation through less ego depletion. Nursing managers should discover nurses' work alienation as soon as possible. Interventions to improve empathy can help replenish nurses' psychological resources, thereby reducing ego depletion and work alienation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cui
- Department of Nursing, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tianqi Yang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Nursing, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Nursing, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lanfang Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Haoshuang Yang
- Department of Nursing, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yinling Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China,*Correspondence: Yinling Zhang, ✉
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Sheng Z, Fan B. The double-edged sword effect of performance pressure on public employees: The mediation role of mission valence. Front Psychol 2022; 13:992071. [PMID: 36337477 PMCID: PMC9629144 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.992071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Performance pressure is a unique stressor in the public sector. Prior studies revealed that it could be a challenge that stimulates functional behavior (i.e., vigor and dedication) or a threat that leads to dysfunctional consequences (i.e., exhaustion and depersonalization). But these articles failed to provide an integrated theoretical model to explain both phenomena simultaneously. We introduced the double-edged sword effect (also called the “too-much-of-good-thing” effect) of performance pressure to fill this theoretical gap. Furthermore, the mediation role of mission valence was examined to explore the buffet mechanism toward this nonlinear relationship. We collected 1,464 valid questionnaire data from snowball sampling to test the research model. Our results revealed that: (1) performance pressure had an inverted U-shaped relationship with dedication and mission valence; (2) performance pressure hurt vigor rather than the curvilinear relationship; (3) mission valence can mediate the inverted U-shaped relationship between performance pressure and dedication. These empirical findings give theoretical contributions and practical insights to public personnel management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Sheng
- School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Research Center for Chinese Organizational Development and Performance Evaluation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhonghua Sheng,
| | - Bonai Fan
- School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Research Center for Chinese Organizational Development and Performance Evaluation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute for Public Policy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Academy of Neuroeconomics and Neuromanagement, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Topa G, Aranda-Carmena M. Job Crafting in Nursing: Mediation between Work Engagement and Job Performance in a Multisample Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12711. [PMID: 36232011 PMCID: PMC9566469 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Job crafting is considered a specific form of proactive behavior whereby workers actively change the actual or perceived characteristics of their jobs in order to better match the demands placed on them and the resources available. As nursing could be considered a stressful profession, job crafting is proposed as a mediator between nurses' work engagement and job performance. Hence, the main objective of this study was to provide empirical evidence on job crafting in nursing, including the three most prominent conceptualizations of the construct. The present research covers three independent empirical studies of registered or practical nurses of Spanish public and private hospitals: Study 1 (N = 699), Study 2 (N = 498), and Study 3 (N = 308). (3) Our results support the hypothesis that nurses' job engagement and job-crafting behaviors can affect their job performance. Our finding corroborates that engaged nurses can act to proactively change their jobs, but comparing different job-crafting conceptualizations and measures, the current findings support that effectiveness of diverse job crafting behaviors could vary. To sum up, as the JDR approach proposed, the present study supports the position that work engagement influences job performance, as well as the mediating role of job crafting in this relationship. The current study takes this knowledge one step further by revealing that not all types of job-crafting behaviors are equally efficient and not all types are adequate for specific working environments, such as nursing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Topa
- Faculty of Psychology, National Distance Education University (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 7500912, Chile
| | - Mercedes Aranda-Carmena
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Madrid, Spain
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