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Toh TH, Qi YY, Yong SM, Lee JSY, Liyana NF, See RYH, Teh JH, Toh AZ, Naing L, Dahian K, Liew JW, Mose CN, Yong MZQ, Ling NJ, Chua DWS, Ling WW, Thirunavukkarasu N, Suhaili MR, Xia JL, Clemens J, Wang XY. Effectiveness of vero cell inactivated vaccine against severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) in Sibu, Malaysia: A retrospective test-negative design. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2167438. [PMID: 36705277 PMCID: PMC10012932 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2167438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of the vero cell inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac®) against severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) caused by SARS-CoV-2 in the real world was assessed. A matched test-negative case-control design was employed using the web-based national information system, as well as the hospitalization dataset in Sibu Hospital. Vaccine effectiveness was measured by conditional logistic regression with adjustment for gender, underlying comorbidity, smoking status, and education level. Between 15 March and 30 September 2021, 838 eligible SARI patients were identified from the hospitalization records. Vaccine effectiveness was 42.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: -28.3 to 74.1) for partial vaccination (after receiving the first dose to 14 days after receiving the second dose), and 76.5% (95% CI: 45.6 to 89.8) for complete vaccination (at 15 days or more after receiving the second dose). This analysis indicated that two doses of CoronaVac® vaccine provided efficacious protection against SARI caused by SARS-CoV-2 in the short term. However, the duration of protection, and performance against new variants need to be studied continuously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teck-Hock Toh
- Clinical Research Centre, Sibu Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sibu, Malaysia.,Faculty of Medicine, SEGi University, Kota Damansara, Malaysia
| | - Yang-Yang Qi
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MoE & MoH, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sook-Min Yong
- Clinical Research Centre, Sibu Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sibu, Malaysia
| | - Jeffrey Soon-Yit Lee
- Clinical Research Centre, Sibu Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sibu, Malaysia
| | - Nur Fatin Liyana
- Clinical Research Centre, Sibu Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sibu, Malaysia
| | | | - Jo-Hun Teh
- Divisional Health Office, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sibu, Malaysia
| | - Aw-Zien Toh
- Clinical Research Centre, Sibu Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sibu, Malaysia
| | - Lin Naing
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, University Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Kamilah Dahian
- Clinical Research Centre, Sibu Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sibu, Malaysia
| | - Jun-Wei Liew
- Medical Department, Sibu Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sibu, Malaysia
| | - Caisha Nivenia Mose
- Emergency & Trauma Department, Sibu Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sibu, Malaysia
| | - Malvina Zi-Qing Yong
- Clinical Research Centre, Sibu Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sibu, Malaysia
| | - Ngiik-Jing Ling
- Clinical Research Centre, Sibu Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sibu, Malaysia
| | - Diana Wang-Sing Chua
- Clinical Research Centre, Sibu Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sibu, Malaysia
| | - Wee-Wei Ling
- Emergency & Trauma Department, Sibu Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sibu, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | | | - Xuan-Yi Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MoE & MoH, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Rajamoorthy Y, Wagner AL, Kumaran VV, Munusamy S, Taib NM, Tin OH, Bradin A, Vo TQ. Parents' willingness to pay for COVID-19 vaccination for children in Malaysia using the contingent valuation method. NARRA J 2023; 3:e187. [PMID: 38450341 PMCID: PMC10914040 DOI: 10.52225/narra.v3i3.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Children are susceptible and a potential source of transmission for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However compulsory COVID-19 vaccination programs among children have not been a focus in Malaysia. The aim of this study was to measure parents' willingness to pay (WTP) for the COVID-19 vaccine and analyze the effects of socioeconomic variables on parents' WTP. An online cross-sectional study was conducted in Malaysia with two waves of surveys (i.e., different samples for each wave), March and June 2021. The study participants were Malaysian parents above 18 years old. Parents were randomized between two vaccine effectiveness profiles (95% and 50% effectiveness) and two risk levels of an adverse event (5% and 20% risk of fever). The WTP was estimated using a double-bounded dichotomous choice. Socioeconomic variables such as age of parent, gender, insurance, income, and education were examined. A total of 292 parents in March 2021 and 271 in June 2021 were included in the study. The vaccine safety and effectiveness profile did not significantly impact the WTP. In March 2021, the estimated WTP ranged from RM344.74 to RM399.64 (US$82.5 to US$95.6) across vaccine profiles and between RM377.55 and RM444.33 (US$90.3 to US$106.3) in June. Insurance status was associated with the parents' WTP, and during the June wave, the age of parents influenced the WTP. Implementing subsidies or free vaccinations is considerable to increase herd immunity and prevent transmission of COVID-19 in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogambigai Rajamoorthy
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Accountancy and Management, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abram L. Wagner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | | | - Subramaniam Munusamy
- Faculty of School of Management and Business, Manipal International University, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Niazlin M. Taib
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ong H. Tin
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Aaron Bradin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Trung Q. Vo
- Department of Economic and Administrative Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
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Krishnan P, Krishnan K, Chan WK, Chan WK. Knowledge of COVID-19 and Awareness of Physiotherapy Rehabilitation among Clinical Physiotherapy Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Malays J Med Sci 2022; 29:115-122. [PMID: 36818893 PMCID: PMC9910380 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2022.29.6.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physiotherapy rehabilitation improves patients' activity in daily life and helps them return to work. Physiotherapy rehabilitation for COVID-19 patients mainly focuses on respiratory and functional rehabilitation assessment. This research project aims to assess the knowledge of COVID-19 and awareness of physiotherapy rehabilitation for COVID-19 patients among clinical physiotherapy students and the relationship between these variables. Methods A preliminary, cross-sectional study was conducted on 159 clinical physiotherapy students from various education backgrounds. A three-part questionnaire assessing socio-demographic variables, knowledge of COVID-19 and awareness of physiotherapy rehabilitation for COVID-19 patients was distributed among clinical students from major physiotherapy programmes at tertiary institutions. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests and Spearman correlation tests were used for data analysis. Results Most of the respondents (95.6%) were categorised as having an above average knowledge on COVID-19. Eighty-seven respondents (54.7%) were categorised as having an above average awareness of physiotherapy rehabilitation for COVID-19 patients. The knowledge of COVID-19 was positively correlated with awareness of physiotherapy rehabilitation (P < 0.05). Conclusion This research study showed that the knowledge of COVID-19 and awareness level of physiotherapy rehabilitation in COVID-19 patients was above average among clinical physiotherapy students. The association between knowledge of COVID-19 and awareness of physiotherapy rehabilitation among clinical physiotherapy students had a weak positive correlation.
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