Development and Validation of a Self-Efficacy Scale for Nursing Educators' Role in Sri Lanka

Development of the psychosocial status assessment scale for parents (1-3 years of age): Validity and reliability study

PURPOSE

The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the validity and reliability of the psychosocial status assessment scale for parents with children aged 1 to 3 years.

DESIGN AND METHOD

This study was conducted with 336 parents with children aged 1 to 3 between November 15 and December 15, 2022. Data were collected using the Parent and Child Descriptive Data Form and the Psychosocial Status Assessment Form for Parents (1-3 years of age). The validity of the scale was tested with content validity and construct validity. To determine the reliability of the scale, the test-retest, Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient, and item total score correlation coefficient were examined.

RESULTS

The scale showed a total explained variance of 44%. Factor loadings were found to be higher than 0.30 in both explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses. Explanatory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis fit indexes of the scale, which consists of four factors with a total of 25 items, were found as Chi-square/degree of freedom = 1.803, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.04, Comparative Fit Index = 0.90, Incremental Fit Index = 0.90, Goodness-of-Fit Index = 0.90, and Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.88. The Cronbach's alpha reliability value was 0.81, and the test-retest correlation coefficient was 0.81.

CONCLUSIONS

The scale is a reliable and valid tool for assessing the psychosocial well-being of children aged 1to 3 years.

PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS

The scale can be utilized by parents of children aged 1 to 3 years to evaluate their children's psychosocial status, providing them with valuable insights into their well-being.

Development and reliability testing of a risk factor and risk outcome assessment scale for nurses in "internet + nursing services" for the elderly

BACKGROUND

China is experiencing an aging population, leading to a significant demand for "Internet + nursing services" tailored for elderly individuals. However, there are many risk problems in the process of nurse service, which hinder the development of the service, and a scale is needed to assess the risk problems faced by nurses in "Internet + nursing services" for the elderly.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study is to develop an assessment scale for risk factors and outcomes related to nurses' involvement in the "Internet + Nursing Service" for the elderly and to assess its reliability and validity.

METHODS

Based on literature analysis, focus group, the Delphi method, and a presurvey, we designed an initial scale. The initial scale comprised two sections: risk factors and risk outcomes for nurses. In January and February of 2023, nurses engaged in "Internet + nursing services" for the elderly in Shanxi Province were chosen through a convenience sampling technique for a questionnaire survey. Subsequently, item analysis and exploratory factor analysis were employed to refine and develop a test version of the scale further. A follow-up questionnaire survey was carried out in March and April 2023 using a similar approach. The reliability and validity of the scale were assessed through confirmatory factor analysis, culminating in the formation of the final scale.

RESULTS

The initial survey yielded 244 valid responses. The cumulative variance contributions of the two segments from the exploratory factor analysis were 84.584% and 90.089%, respectively. A subsequent survey garnered 220 valid responses. The confirmatory factor analysis results indicated: χ2/df = 2.086, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.918, normative fit index (NLI) = 0.855, root mean square of residuals (RMR) = 0.045, and root mean square of error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.070. These results demonstrate good structural, convergent, and discriminant validity. The content validity index at the item level (I-CVI) ranged between 0.875 and 1.000, while the content validity index at the scale level (S-CVI/Ave) was 0.941. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the entire scale stood at 0.970. Moreover, the scale exhibited a split-half reliability of 0.876 and a retest reliability of 0.980 (p < 0.01).

CONCLUSION

The risk factors and risk outcomes associated with nurses involved in "Internet + nursing services" for elderly individuals, as developed in this study, demonstrate strong reliability and validity. They are well suited to the Chinese national context.

Workplace breastfeeding support for working women: A scale development study

Objective

In this study, authors aimed to develop a scale to evaluate workplace breastfeeding support.

Methods

The study was carried out with 490 working women who applied to the women's and children's outpatient clinics of a hospital in Turkey. The study data were collected by using a 'Personal Information Form' and the 'Workplace Breastfeeding Support for Working Women Draft Scale'. The data were analyzed on SPSS 25 and AMOS 21 software packages. In the development process of the scale; Content validity, exploratory factor analysis, item-total score correlation methods and Cronbach's Alpha coefficient were used.

Results

The content validity index of the scale was 0.90, and the Cronbach's alpha value was 0.93. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value of the scale was 0.91, Bartlett test values were χ2 = 11,573.924 and p < 0.000. According to the results of the exploratory factor analysis for the construct validity of the scale, the scale consisted of 31 items and 6 factors.

Conclusions

The developed scale can be used to evaluate workplace breastfeeding support for working women as a valid and reliable measurement tool.

Development and validation of a Decision-Making Ability Scale for postpartum urinary incontinence women engaging in pelvic floor physical therapy

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to develop and validate a Decision-Making Ability Scale (DMA-S) for postpartum urinary incontinence (PPUI) women engaging in pelvic floor physical therapy (PFPT).

METHODS

Items were created in line with a review of the literature and exploratory qualitative study with 22 women. The items were submitted for expert opinion and a pilot implementation was made with 58 women with PPUI. Furthermore, the construct validity of the scale was tested with exploratory factor analysis (EFA) (n = 220) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) (n = 240). Internal consistency for the Chronbach's α and test-retest reliability for the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were also investigated for the DMA-S in the study.

RESULTS

The results of the EFA indicated a Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value of 0.85 and Bartlett's test of sphericity showed a χ2 value of 8352.101, p < 0.001. After removing one item with factor loading values below 0.50, the resulting factor structure accounted for 83.38% of the total variance. The fit indices of the scale model tested in the CFA were determined as χ2 /df = 1.08 < 3, root mean square error of approximation = 0.018 < 0.08, comparative fit index = 0.996 > 0.90, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.995 > 0.90, goodness-of-fit index (GFI) = 0.933 > 0.90, adjusted GFI = 0.916 > 0.90, and incremental fit index = 0.996 > 0.90. The Cronbach's α values were 0.95-0.97 for the subdimensions of the scale and 0.93 for the total scale. Data also showed a good test-retest stability (ICC = 0.984).

CONCLUSION

The DMA-S is a reliable and valid tool for assessing the decision-making ability for PPUI women engaging in PFPT.

Development and Psychometric Assessment of the Benefit Finding Scale for Chinese Older Adults With Chronic Diseases

The current study sought to develop an instrument for measuring benefit finding in Chinese older adults with chronic diseases and establish its psychometric characteristics. Scale items were drafted based on a literature review, theoretical learning, the Benefit Finding Scale (BFS), the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory, and results of interviews with 24 older adults with chronic diseases. The preliminary scale draft was constructed by performing a Delphi expert consultation and pretest with a small sample. Using the first draft of the scale, we surveyed 380 older adults with chronic diseases. The BFS for older adults with chronic diseases comprised 26 items. Using exploratory factor analysis, we identified six common factors that explained 66.86% of the variance. Item content validity index ranged from 0.818 to 1.000 and scale content validity index was 0.91. Cronbach's alpha of the scale was 0.924 and test-retest reliability was 0.902. The BFS for older adults with chronic diseases showed good validity and reliability and can be used as a measurement tool for benefit finding in the aforementioned population. [Research in Gerontological Nursing, 16(1), 44-52.].