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Yaphe S, Sundaresan L, Freedman JD, Weinberg SJ, Vaughn IA, Lamerato LE, Budzynska K. The Effect of COVID-19 on Mood Disorders in Urban and Suburban Detroit. AJPM FOCUS 2024; 3:100246. [PMID: 39034935 PMCID: PMC11260361 DOI: 10.1016/j.focus.2024.100246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the global experience of anxiety and depression owing to social isolation and government-mandated quarantine for transmission reduction. To date, literature surrounding the mental health effects of COVID-19 for the U.S. population is limited. Methods This is a retrospective study from a large metropolitan Detroit health system. Patient encounters between December 23, 2018 and June 22, 2021, with March 23, 2020 being the start of Michigan state-wide lockdown, were used to define pre- and post-COVID-19 encounters, respectively. The data were divided into Detroit and non-Detroit on the basis of patient ZIP code. All patients aged ≥13 years with a visit with a family medicine provider were included. Outcome variables included Patient Health Questionnaires-2 and -9 and General Anxiety Disorder-7 scores; diagnoses of depression, anxiety, adjustment, and grief disorders; antidepressant prescriptions; and behavioral health referrals. Logistic regression was used to determine the incidence of composite mood disorder, depression, and anxiety. Results A total of 20,970 individuals were included in this study: 10,613 in the Detroit subgroup and 10,357 in the non-Detroit subgroup. A total of 88.2% of the Detroit population were Black, and 70% were female. Logistic regression shows that the incidence of composite mood disorder decreased with increasing age (OR=0.787, 0.608, 0.422, and 0.392; p<0.001). Male sex is a protective factor (OR=0.646, p<0.001). Federal insurance is the only factor presenting a statistically significant increased risk (OR=1.395, p<0.001). There was no statistical difference between residing in urban and suburban areas in the incidence of composite mood disorder (OR=0.996, p=0.953). Conclusions This research demonstrates that residing in an urban setting did not increase the risk of developing a mental health disorder during the COVID-19 period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Yaphe
- Department of Family Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | | | | | - Ivana A. Vaughn
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan
- Henry Ford Health + Michigan State University Health Sciences, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Lois E. Lamerato
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan
- Henry Ford Health + Michigan State University Health Sciences, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Katarzyna Budzynska
- Department of Family Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
- Henry Ford Health + Michigan State University Health Sciences, Detroit, Michigan
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Alarcão V, Candeias P, Stefanovska-Petkovska M, Neves J, Pintassilgo S, Machado FL, Santos O, Virgolino A, Santos RR, Heitor MJ, Costa A. Insights from the EQUALS4COVID19 study on migrant mental health in Portugal: a cross-sectional mixed-methods approach. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2023. [PMID: 39075428 PMCID: PMC11285180 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19563-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic and related disruptive consequences in the economic, health, and educational sectors have impacted people's lives, contributing to a context of increased economic and social vulnerability. The pandemic has revealed and accentuated social inequalities and discrimination based on racial or ethnic origin. This study aimed to contribute to the promotion of the mental health and well-being of migrant populations living in Portugal via the definition of an analytical framework and recommendations emerging from the EQUALS4COVID19 project. METHODS To gather information on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and resilience determinants among immigrants, a mixed-methods approach was implemented in 2022, combining a cross-sectional survey targeting immigrant adults in Portugal, focus groups with immigrants, focus groups with healthcare professionals, and in-depth individual interviews with stakeholders involved in the implementation of measures related to mental health and well-being during the pandemic. The analysis followed an integrated framework; quantitative data informed the script of qualitative data collection methods, and qualitative analysis informed the reinterpretation of quantitative data. RESULTS The survey with 604 Brazilian and Cape Verdean immigrants revealed that gender (being a woman) was associated with both psychological distress and depression-related symptomatology and that the perception of discrimination was a major risk factor for psychological suffering, while perceived social support and individuals' resilience characteristics were protective factors. Qualitative data provided deeper insights into these findings, revealing the ways mental health is affected by social structures, such as gender and ethnic hierarchies. Migrants tend to work in precarious jobs requiring physical presence, which, together with dense housing conditions, puts them at higher risk of infection. The deterioration of the economic conditions of the general population has also increased the perception of ethnic-racial discrimination, which was found to be related to the increase in insecurity and anxiety-related symptomatology among the migrant population. Newly arrived migrants, with reduced support networks, experienced a greater sense of insecurity as well as concern and anguish regarding relatives who live far away, in their home country. Migrant women reported greater family-related distress, including work-life balance problems. CONCLUSIONS Proposals to address mental health inequalities should be considered in the context of the necessary global changes both at the societal level and in the delivery of mental health services. Additionally, they should be considered with the active involvement of migrants, families, and communities in the design and delivery of mental health promotion and care processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Alarcão
- Centro de Investigação e Estudos de Sociologia, Iscte - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Avenida das Forças Armadas, Lisboa, 1649-026, Portugal.
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, Lisboa, 1649-028, Portugal.
- Iscte - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Avenida das Forças Armadas, Lisboa, 1649-026, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Candeias
- Centro de Investigação e Estudos de Sociologia, Iscte - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Avenida das Forças Armadas, Lisboa, 1649-026, Portugal
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, Lisboa, 1649-028, Portugal
- Iscte - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Avenida das Forças Armadas, Lisboa, 1649-026, Portugal
| | - Miodraga Stefanovska-Petkovska
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, Lisboa, 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Júlia Neves
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, Lisboa, 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Sónia Pintassilgo
- Centro de Investigação e Estudos de Sociologia, Iscte - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Avenida das Forças Armadas, Lisboa, 1649-026, Portugal
- Iscte - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Avenida das Forças Armadas, Lisboa, 1649-026, Portugal
| | - Fernando Luís Machado
- Centro de Investigação e Estudos de Sociologia, Iscte - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Avenida das Forças Armadas, Lisboa, 1649-026, Portugal
- Iscte - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Avenida das Forças Armadas, Lisboa, 1649-026, Portugal
| | - Osvaldo Santos
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, Lisboa, 1649-028, Portugal
- Unbreakable Idea Research, Estrada Nacional 115, Sítio da Caniceira, nº 1, Casarão, Painho, 2550-426, Portugal
| | - Ana Virgolino
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, Lisboa, 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Ricardo R Santos
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, Lisboa, 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Maria João Heitor
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, Lisboa, 1649-028, Portugal
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Department, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Saúde (CIIS), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Sustentabilidade do Uso da Terra e dos Serviços dos Ecossistemas - TERRA, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreia Costa
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, Lisboa, 1649-028, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Sustentabilidade do Uso da Terra e dos Serviços dos Ecossistemas - TERRA, Lisboa, Portugal
- Innovation and Development Centre of Lisbon (CIDNUR), Nursing Research, Nursing School of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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Pucillo EM, Crowder J, Andrea CM, Brim S, Pilgrim L, Belleza N. A Comparison of Physical Therapist Educational Outcomes Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multicenter Study. JOURNAL, PHYSICAL THERAPY EDUCATION 2024; 38:116-124. [PMID: 38758176 DOI: 10.1097/jte.0000000000000327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare educational outcomes of Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) graduates before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. REVIEW OF LITERATURE Reports show increased stress, anxiety, and burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic, which may have negatively affected academic performance. Historically, academic performance is predictive of National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE) scores. Yet, there is little evidence analyzing student outcomes during the pandemic. SUBJECTS Doctor of Physical Therapy graduate records (N = 1,897) were retrospectively collected from a multicenter convenience sample consisting of 5 blended programs. Records were sampled from existing "prepandemic" graduates of Fall 2018-2019 (n = 988) and "pandemic" graduates of Fall 2021-2022 (n = 909). METHODS A causal comparative and correlational study design was used. Grade point average (GPA) and NPTE scores were collected. A general linear model examined differences between groups, and a multiple linear regression examined predictors of NPTE performance. RESULTS Grade point average was a significant predictor of NPTE score (r2 = 0.56; P < .01) for the overall sample and for the prepandemic and pandemic cohorts (r2 = 0.38, P < .01; r2 = 0.45, P < .01, respectively). Grade point average was not significantly different between the groups (P = .09), nor did it significantly influence differences in NPTE scores (P = .13). Pandemic graduates displayed a significantly lower NPTE pass rate (85.1%) compared with prepandemic graduates (89.7%; P < .01). Pandemic graduates experienced higher rates of academic difficulty (20%; P < .01) and had a approximately 5 times higher likelihood of not passing the NPTE. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This is the first study to report on DPT graduate outcomes spanning the COVID-19 pandemic. Similar to previous studies, GPA remained the most significant predictor of NPTE scores. Pandemic graduates demonstrated significantly lower NPTE scores and higher rates of academic difficulty (GPA < 3.0). Continued monitoring of NPTE performance is warranted between prepandemic, pandemic, and postpandemic cohorts across modes of program delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan M Pucillo
- Evan M. Pucillo is the assistant professor of physical therapy at the University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences, 1 University Blvd., St. Augustine, FL 32086 . Please address all correspondence to Evan M. Pucillo
- Jennifer Crowder is the assistant professor of occupational therapy at the University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences
- Catherine M. Andrea is the assistant professor of physical therapy at the University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences
- Sean Brim is the assistant professor of physical therapy at the University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences
- Leiselle Pilgrim is the assistant professor of physical therapy at the University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences
- Norman Belleza is the assistant professor of physical therapy at the University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences
| | - Jennifer Crowder
- Evan M. Pucillo is the assistant professor of physical therapy at the University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences, 1 University Blvd., St. Augustine, FL 32086 . Please address all correspondence to Evan M. Pucillo
- Jennifer Crowder is the assistant professor of occupational therapy at the University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences
- Catherine M. Andrea is the assistant professor of physical therapy at the University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences
- Sean Brim is the assistant professor of physical therapy at the University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences
- Leiselle Pilgrim is the assistant professor of physical therapy at the University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences
- Norman Belleza is the assistant professor of physical therapy at the University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences
| | - Catherine M Andrea
- Evan M. Pucillo is the assistant professor of physical therapy at the University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences, 1 University Blvd., St. Augustine, FL 32086 . Please address all correspondence to Evan M. Pucillo
- Jennifer Crowder is the assistant professor of occupational therapy at the University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences
- Catherine M. Andrea is the assistant professor of physical therapy at the University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences
- Sean Brim is the assistant professor of physical therapy at the University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences
- Leiselle Pilgrim is the assistant professor of physical therapy at the University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences
- Norman Belleza is the assistant professor of physical therapy at the University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences
| | - Sean Brim
- Evan M. Pucillo is the assistant professor of physical therapy at the University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences, 1 University Blvd., St. Augustine, FL 32086 . Please address all correspondence to Evan M. Pucillo
- Jennifer Crowder is the assistant professor of occupational therapy at the University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences
- Catherine M. Andrea is the assistant professor of physical therapy at the University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences
- Sean Brim is the assistant professor of physical therapy at the University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences
- Leiselle Pilgrim is the assistant professor of physical therapy at the University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences
- Norman Belleza is the assistant professor of physical therapy at the University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences
| | - Leiselle Pilgrim
- Evan M. Pucillo is the assistant professor of physical therapy at the University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences, 1 University Blvd., St. Augustine, FL 32086 . Please address all correspondence to Evan M. Pucillo
- Jennifer Crowder is the assistant professor of occupational therapy at the University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences
- Catherine M. Andrea is the assistant professor of physical therapy at the University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences
- Sean Brim is the assistant professor of physical therapy at the University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences
- Leiselle Pilgrim is the assistant professor of physical therapy at the University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences
- Norman Belleza is the assistant professor of physical therapy at the University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences
| | - Norman Belleza
- Evan M. Pucillo is the assistant professor of physical therapy at the University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences, 1 University Blvd., St. Augustine, FL 32086 . Please address all correspondence to Evan M. Pucillo
- Jennifer Crowder is the assistant professor of occupational therapy at the University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences
- Catherine M. Andrea is the assistant professor of physical therapy at the University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences
- Sean Brim is the assistant professor of physical therapy at the University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences
- Leiselle Pilgrim is the assistant professor of physical therapy at the University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences
- Norman Belleza is the assistant professor of physical therapy at the University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences
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Hope's relationship with resilience and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Curr Opin Psychol 2023; 50:101559. [PMID: 36812769 PMCID: PMC9886565 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected individuals financially, physically, and mentally during the past couple of years. Recent research has indicated that mental health concerns such as stress, anxiety, and depression have been on the rise due to the pandemic and its consequences. Fortunately, resilience factors such as hope have also been examined in the midst of the pandemic. Hope has been found to be a buffer against stress, anxiety, and depression over time during the COVID-19 pandemic. Hope has also been associated with positive outcomes such as posttraumatic growth and well-being. These results have been investigated in populations particularly affected by the pandemic such as healthcare professionals and patients with chronic illness and cross-culturally.
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Ritschel LA, Cassiello-Robbins C. Hope and depression and personality disorders. Curr Opin Psychol 2023; 49:101507. [PMID: 36459930 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hope is a positive psychology construct that comprises goals, agency thinking, and pathways thinking and has been associated with psychological and physical well-being. This paper summarizes recent findings regarding the relationship between hope and depressive symptoms as well as hope and personality disorders and traits. Studies have shown that hope is inversely associated with negative affect when examined cross-sectionally, although the relationship between hope and depression is more complex longitudinally. Little is known about hope as it pertains to personality disorders, though more recent studies have examined the relationship between hope and personality traits such as neuroticism and extraversion; results from those studies are mixed, leaving a wide gap in the literature for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorie A Ritschel
- Triangle Area Psychology Clinic, 5726 Fayetteville Road, Suite 101, Durham, NC 27713, USA; University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Campus Box 7160, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7160, USA.
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Flesia L, Adeeb M, Waseem A, Helmy M, Monaro M. Psychological Distress Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Protective Role of Hope. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:67-80. [PMID: 36661755 PMCID: PMC9857999 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak and the worldwide lockdown measures had an impact on the global mental health and psychological well-being of the general population. Several studies attempted to investigate the protective and risk factors for psychological distress related to the pandemic. However, to date, little is known about the role of hope in this context. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between hope and psychological distress related to the COVID-19 outbreak in the general population. The sample consisted of 504 Pakistani people who completed cross-sectionally the COVID-19 Peritraumatic Distress Index (CPDI) and the Adult Hope Scale (AHS). Bivariate Pearson correlation analysis was run to measure the relationship between hope and psychological distress; hierarchical regression analysis was run to investigate the association between demographics and hope with psychological distress. Higher levels of hope predicted lower levels of psychological distress. Being female, being older, lower level of education, urban residence, being married and living in nuclear family systems were associated with higher levels of psychological distress. The study highlights the protective role of hope on psychological distress related to COVID-19, contributing to knowledge on factors promoting positive mental health during emergency times and providing useful information for implementing effective public health policies and programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Flesia
- Azienda ULSS6 Euganea, Via Degli Scrovegni, 14, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Muhammad Adeeb
- School of Applied Psychology, Social Work and Policy, University of Utara, Sintok 06010, Malaysia
| | - Aqsa Waseem
- School of Applied Psychology, Social Work and Policy, University of Utara, Sintok 06010, Malaysia
| | - Mai Helmy
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Arts, Menoufia University, Menoufia 32511, Egypt
- Psychology Department, College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat P.O. Box 50, Oman
| | - Merylin Monaro
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Nearchou F. Self-harm in Young People: Investigating the Role of Resilience and Posttraumatic Stress Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2022:1-12. [PMID: 36590446 PMCID: PMC9795111 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-022-00511-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Evidence shows that young people may have experienced increased levels of posttraumatic stress and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the landscape on self-harm is still unclear. This study aimed to examine the role of COVID-19 related posttraumatic stress, depression and resilience as predictors of self-harm with and without suicidal intent. Participants were 625 young people aged 17-25 years old (M = 20.2 years, SD = 2.47). Resilience was measured using the self-reported Child & Youth Resilience Scale Measure - Revised (CYRM-R). Posttraumatic stress related to COVID-19 were measured using the Impact of Event Scale- Revised. Depression was measured using the depression subscale of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21. Self-harm was evaluated with two dichotomous items. Participants reported high levels of depression and COVID-19 posttraumatic stress, and a significant percentage reported engaging in self-harm. Hierarchical logistic regressions showed that caregiver resilience decreased approximately 20% the odds of engaging in self harm with and without suicidal intent remaining a consistent predictor even after accounting posttraumatic stress and depression in the models. Posttraumatic stress and depression predicted a one-fold increase in the odds of engaging in self-harm with and without suicidal intent. However, posttraumatic stress was no longer a significant predictor when depression was entered in the model in self-harm without suicidal intent. The COVID-19 pandemic may have increased the likelihood of engaging in self-harm in young people. However, caregiver resilience seems to operate as a protective factor. This important finding carries implications beyond the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finiki Nearchou
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Newman Building, Belfield Campus, Dublin, Dublin 4 Ireland
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The association of mindfulness and psychological well-being among individuals who have recovered from COVID-19 in Jianghan District, Wuhan, China: A cross-sectional study. J Affect Disord 2022; 319:437-445. [PMID: 36162667 PMCID: PMC9502442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the global pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have commonly occurred among COVID-19 patients, whose experiences of infection and subsequent treatment might develop negative consequences on their mental well-being even after recovery. Despite the general recognition of efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions in reducing psychological distress among various populations, there were insufficient studies on the relationship between mindfulness and mental health among individuals who have recovered from COVID-19. OBJECTIVE The current study aims to identify the prevalence of common mental health challenges among recovered COVID-19 patients in Jianghan District, Wuhan, China and to explore the potential mechanism through which mindfulness alleviate depression and PTSD. METHODS A cross-sectional survey on mental health was conducted among a convenience sample of adults recovered from COVID-19 in Jianghan District, Wuhan, China. The study participants completed questionnaires under the assistance of trained investigators. The questionnaire included Chinese version of Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire-Short Form (FFMQ-SF), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7), Resilience Style Questionnaire (RSQ), Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R), and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to measure mindfulness, anxiety, resilience, PTSD, and depression respectively. Structural equation modeling was used to explore the relationship between mindfulness and mental health outcomes of this population. RESULTS 1541 respondents (654 [42.4 %] men and 887 [57.6 %] women) completed the questionnaire between June 10 and July 25, 2021, of whom 36.2 % and 27.1 % had mild and severe levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms respectively, and 15.2 % was indicated with PTSD. The average score of mindfulness of the study participants was (3.100 ± 0.387), and that of resilience was (3.560 ± 0.877). The structural equation model fit the data well, demonstrating that mindfulness was negatively associated with depressive symptoms directly (β = -0.031, P = 0.021) or indirectly through the mediation effect of resilience (β = -0.019, P = 0.009) and anxiety symptoms (β = -0.208, P < 0.001), and was negatively associated with PTSD through the mediation effect of anxiety symptoms (β = -0.142, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Individuals who have recovered from COVID-19 commonly experienced psychological distress. Mindfulness is associated with alleviation of depressive and PTSD symptoms directly or indirectly. Interventions based on mindfulness are suggested to improve the mental well-being of this population.
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Long LJ. Hope and PTSD. Curr Opin Psychol 2022; 48:101472. [PMID: 36335657 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews the present literature examining how hope relates to PTSD and broader functioning after a trauma, including potential underlying mechanisms and significant factors impacting these relationships and the role of hope as a mechanism of change within interventions for PTSD. First, the ways in which trauma impacts hope are discussed. Afterwards, an overview is provided of cross-sectional and prospective research indicating that greater hope reduces the risk of PTSD and promotes positive outcomes of adversity. Next, potential underlying mechanisms and determinants of the relationship between hope and adjustment are explored, including adaptive appraisals, productive coping, and social support. Finally, evidence supporting the role of hope as a mechanism of change in treatments for PTSD is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Long
- Center for Anxiety and Related Disorders, Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Boston University.
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Zegarra-López AC, Luna-Victoria G, Romero-Montenegro D, Florentino-Santisteban B, Prieto-Molinari DE, Montoya-Cuadrao M. Prevalence and Predictors of Somatization in Peruvian Undergraduate Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15576. [PMID: 36497651 PMCID: PMC9739199 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic had a strong impact on mental health. Multiple studies report the alarming prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress-related conditions due to the lockdown measures. Nevertheless, somatization has been an overlooked topic in current literature despite its strong relationship with most mental health conditions. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of somatic symptoms and their associated factors in a sample of 3218 undergraduate students from Lima, Peru. A cross-sectional design was carried out. The prevalence of somatic symptoms was measured with the PHQ-15. As predictors of somatic symptom severity, we included psychopathological (depression, anxiety, and stress), psychological (perceived social support, resilience, satisfaction with life, and academic self-efficacy), and sociodemographic (e.g., age, sex, employment status, relationship status, daily hours of sleep) variables. A generalized linear model from a binomial family and a logit link function were applied based on a Factor Score Regression approach, with half of the sample presenting moderate-to-severe somatic symptoms. Anxiety was the strongest predictor of somatic symptom severity, followed by academic self-efficacy. Significant differences were found regarding sex, relationship status, daily hours of sleep and COVID-19 risk-related variables. In conclusion, interventions on reducing anxiety and promoting academic self-efficacy may have a stronger impact on somatic symptom severity and should focus on more vulnerable specific demographic groups such as females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Christopher Zegarra-López
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad de Lima, Lima 15023, Peru
- Grupo de Investigación en Psicología, Bienestar y Sociedad, Instituto de Investigación Científica, Universidad de Lima, Lima 15023, Peru
| | | | | | | | - Diego Eduardo Prieto-Molinari
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad de Lima, Lima 15023, Peru
- Grupo de Investigación en Psicología, Bienestar y Sociedad, Instituto de Investigación Científica, Universidad de Lima, Lima 15023, Peru
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Sandrin É, Brun JP, Nguyen C, Biron C, Ivers H. Psychological distress and post-traumatic growth in France during the COVID-19 pandemic: A mediation model of psychosocial safety climate as a determinant of work performance. Front Psychol 2022; 13:993458. [PMID: 36329744 PMCID: PMC9623118 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.993458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The psychosocial safety climate (PSC) reflects workers’ perceptions of senior management’s concern for mental health. Because the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated organizational issues, PSC could be a target for interventions attempting to preserve both the psychological health of employees and the economic health of companies. This study examines the direct and indirect relationships between PSC and work performance through two indicators of psychological health, psychological distress and post-traumatic growth, during a health crisis, i.e., prior to the second confinement in France. To this end, 2,004 participants from the French workforce completed a survey in October 2020. The results of mediation analyses indicate that PSC has a direct and positive influence on post-traumatic growth (PTG) and performance, as well as a direct negative influence on psychological distress. PSC also has an indirect positive influence on performance via psychological distress. Organizations that wish to jointly address mental health and performance at work would benefit from optimizing PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Émilie Sandrin
- Empreinte Humaine, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Émilie Sandrin,
| | - Jean-Pierre Brun
- Empreinte Humaine, Paris, France
- Department of Management, Faculty of Business and Administration, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Jean-Pierre Brun,
| | | | - Caroline Biron
- Department of Management, Faculty of Business and Administration, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
- VITAM Research Centre on Sustainable Health, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Hans Ivers
- Department of Management, Faculty of Business and Administration, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
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12
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Hernández-Díaz Y, Genis-Mendoza AD, Ramos-Méndez MÁ, Juárez-Rojop IE, Tovilla-Zárate CA, González-Castro TB, López-Narváez ML, Nicolini H. Mental Health Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mexican Population: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116953. [PMID: 35682536 PMCID: PMC9180045 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on mental health in the general population, but no systematic synthesis of evidence of this effect has been undertaken for the Mexican population. Relevant studies were identified through the systematic search in five databases until December, 2021. The selection of studies and the evaluation of their methodological quality were performed in pairs. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used for study quality appraisal. The protocol of this systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (protocol ID: CRD42021278868). This review included 15 studies, which ranged from 252 to 9361 participants, with a total of 26,799 participants. The findings show that COVID-19 has an impact on the Mexican population’s mental health and is particularly associated with anxiety, depression, stress and distress. Females and younger age are risk factors for development mental health symptoms. Mitigating the negative effects of COVID-19 on mental health should be a public health priority in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazmín Hernández-Díaz
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Jalpa de Mendez 86205, Mexico; (Y.H.-D.); (T.B.G.-C.)
| | - Alma Delia Genis-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Psiquiátricas y Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City 14610, Mexico;
| | - Miguel Ángel Ramos-Méndez
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Beautiful Villa 86100, Mexico;
| | - Isela Esther Juárez-Rojop
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Comalcalco, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Comalcalco 86040, Mexico;
| | - Carlos Alfonso Tovilla-Zárate
- Hospital Chiapas “Dr. Jesús Gilberto Gómez Maza”, Tuxtla Gutierrez 29000, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (C.A.T.-Z.); (H.N.)
| | - Thelma Beatriz González-Castro
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Jalpa de Mendez 86205, Mexico; (Y.H.-D.); (T.B.G.-C.)
| | | | - Humberto Nicolini
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Psiquiátricas y Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City 14610, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (C.A.T.-Z.); (H.N.)
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13
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Exploring the Factors of Rural Tourism Recovery in the Post-COVID-19 Era Based on the Grounded Theory: A Case Study of Tianxi Village in Hunan Province, China. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14095215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Effective recovery of rural tourism in the post-COVID-19 era could consolidate achievements in poverty alleviation and promote rural revitalization in China. In order to explore the factors influencing the rural tourism recovery from the COVID-19 crisis, this explorative–qualitative study chose Tianxi village in Hunan province of China as a typical case, as it has been officially selected as one of the key national villages for developing rural tourism. It was found that the process of rural tourism recovery in the post-COVID-19 era consists substantially of the development and evolutionary resilience in rural tourism. In the proposed theoretical model, the governance capability of local governments, robustness of rural social networks, activeness of rural talent, innovativeness of development mechanisms, and persistence of resilience cultivation are all essential factors throughout this process. Evolutionary resilience of rural tourism could enable destinations to manage unpredictable crises and even to seize novel development opportunities.
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14
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Hu J, Huang Y, Liu J, Zheng Z, Xu X, Zhou Y, Wang J. COVID-19 Related Stress and Mental Health Outcomes 1 Year After the Peak of the Pandemic Outbreak in China: the Mediating Effect of Resilience and Social Support. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:828379. [PMID: 35264988 PMCID: PMC8898823 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.828379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 outbreak have a long-term negative impact on mental health. Meanwhile, it may also provide opportunities for positive outcomes (e.g., post-traumatic growth). Resilience and social support could serve as psychological resources to protect individuals against the detrimental effects of the COVID-19 crisis and enable people to develop positive changes during challenging times. OBJECTIVE By testing the roles of resilience and social support in the relationship between COVID-19 related stress and negative mental health outcomes (depression and anxiety), as well as the relationship between COVID-19 related stress and positive mental health outcomes (post-traumatic growth, PTG), this study aimed to investigate the psychological mechanisms involved in different mental health outcomes induced by COVID-19. METHODS An online survey was conducted 1 year after the peak of the COVID-19 outbreak (from April to August 2021) in China. The survey includes demographic questionnaires and six scales: the Impact of Event Scale-Revised for COVID-19 (IES-RC), the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10), the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI). The structural equation model (SEM) was used to evaluate the relations and mechanisms between COVID-19 related stress and resilience, social support in depression, anxiety, and PTG. RESULTS A total of 771 Chinese subjects completed the questionnaire, including 416 (54%) females. COVID-19 related stress was associated with anxiety (P < 0.001), PTG (P < 0.001), and depression (P < 0.001). Resilience was related to depression (P < 0.001), anxiety (P < 0.001), and PTG (P < 0.001). Social support was associated with depression (P < 0.001), anxiety (P < 0.001), and PTG (P < 0.001). Under SEM analysis, resilience mediated the effects of COVID-19 related stress on depression and post-traumatic growth. Social support mediated the impacts of COVID-19 related stress on post-traumatic growth, depression, and anxiety. The path coefficients of the mediation effects were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The current findings suggest that COVID-19 related stress has a double-edged effect on mental health. Depression, anxiety, and PTG coexist in Chinese individuals 1 year after the peak of the pandemic. Resilience and social support serve as important protective factors of mental health, safeguard people from the negative mental health outcomes of the COVID-19, and promote PTG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchu Hu
- Department of Anxiety Disorders, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Mental Illness, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yiting Huang
- Department of Anxiety Disorders, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Mental Illness, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiayu Liu
- Department of Anxiety Disorders, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Mental Illness, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiying Zheng
- Department of Anxiety Disorders, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Mental Illness, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiuhua Xu
- Department of Anxiety Disorders, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Mental Illness, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunfei Zhou
- Department of Anxiety Disorders, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Mental Illness, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianhong Wang
- Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Mental Illness, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Berry A, Burke T, Carr A. The impact of the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic on parents of children with externalising difficulties in ireland: A longitudinal cohort study. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14941. [PMID: 34610195 PMCID: PMC8646641 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This longitudinal cohort study aimed to examine the impact of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ireland on parents of children with externalising difficulties, in comparison to parents of children without such difficulties. METHOD Parents of 159 children completed online self-report measures at three time points during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic; (a) Delay and Mitigation Phase (March 2020 to May 2020), (b) Reopening of Society Phase (June 2020 to July 2020) and (c) Wave 2 Case Acceleration Phase (September 2020 to October 2020). Participants were allocated to the clinical group if they met the clinical cut off point on the Conduct or Hyperactivity/Inattention subscales of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire at Time 1. RESULTS Parents of children with externalising difficulties experienced significantly higher levels of stress, lower levels of wellbeing and engaged in higher levels of avoidant-focused coping strategies longitudinally. There was a significant difference between outcomes at the different phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, for stress related to parenting, personal/family stress related to the impact of the COVID-19 and type of coping strategies employed. Children with externalising difficulties, in comparison to children without externalising difficulties, showed significantly greater adjustment over time for behavioural and emotional difficulties, as reported by their parents. CONCLUSIONS Results provide important information regarding the trajectory of psychological outcomes in parents of children with externalising difficulties over the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the need for increased parental supports during, and after, the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Berry
- School of PsychologyUniversity College Dublin (UCD)DublinIreland
- Health Service Executive (HSE)Laois/OffalyIreland
| | - Tom Burke
- School of PsychologyUniversity College Dublin (UCD)DublinIreland
- Health Service Executive (HSE)Laois/OffalyIreland
- School of PsychologyNational University of Ireland Galway (NUIG)GalwayIreland
| | - Alan Carr
- School of PsychologyUniversity College Dublin (UCD)DublinIreland
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