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Yenesew MA, Yismaw G, Nigatu D, Alemu Y, Gasheneit A, Zeru T, Bezabih B, Abate G. HIV Stigma in Awi Zone, Northwest Ethiopia, and a Unique Community Association as a Potential Partner. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:982. [PMID: 39200593 PMCID: PMC11353804 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21080982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024]
Abstract
Indigenous institutions play a vital role in fighting HIV stigma by leveraging their cultural knowledge, leadership, and community connections. Understanding HIV/AIDS attitudes, information gaps, and stigma among members of indigenous institutions is critical for devising culturally relevant and successful interventions and preventative strategies. This study was conducted with the objective of assessing the levels of knowledge about HIV/AIDS and the various HIV/AIDS discriminatory attitudes and practices among members of the Awi Equestrian Association, an indigenous association in Awi Zone, Northwest Ethiopia, that plays major roles in the social, cultural, political, and economic activities of the community. The study is a cross-sectional study conducted from June through July 2022. Eight hundred and forty-six people in the study area were interviewed using a pilot-tested questionnaire. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with the score level of HIV-related stigma. Forty-five percent of study participants did not have adequate knowledge of HIV/AIDS, and 67.4% had moderate to high discriminatory attitudes towards people living with HIV. HIV-stigmatizing practices were high, with 36% admitting to speaking badly about people living with HIV and 23% wanting their relative with HIV to seek treatment in another zone. In our study, low level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS (p < 0.001), older age (p < 0.05), and male sex (p < 0.05) were factors associated with higher levels of stigmatizing practices. In conclusion, HIV-related stigma is common in Awi Zone. The Awi Equestrian Association has become a unique potential partner for HIV control in the area in an effort to achieve United Nation AIDS target of 95-95-95.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muluken Azage Yenesew
- School of Public Health, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar P.O. Box 79, Ethiopia; (M.A.Y.); (D.N.)
| | - Gizachew Yismaw
- Amhara Public Health Institute, Bahir Dar P.O. Box 3898, Ethiopia; (G.Y.); (T.Z.)
| | - Dabere Nigatu
- School of Public Health, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar P.O. Box 79, Ethiopia; (M.A.Y.); (D.N.)
| | - Yibeltal Alemu
- School of Public Health, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar P.O. Box 79, Ethiopia; (M.A.Y.); (D.N.)
| | - Addisu Gasheneit
- Awi Zone Health Office, Amhara Regional State Health Bureau, Bahir Dar P.O. Box 79, Ethiopia;
| | - Taye Zeru
- Amhara Public Health Institute, Bahir Dar P.O. Box 3898, Ethiopia; (G.Y.); (T.Z.)
| | - Belay Bezabih
- Amhara Public Health Institute, Bahir Dar P.O. Box 3898, Ethiopia; (G.Y.); (T.Z.)
| | - Getahun Abate
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
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Poglia Mileti F, Mellini L, Tadorian M. When social, relational and sexual vulnerabilities increase vulnerability to HIV/AIDS: the case of migrants living in Switzerland. AIDS Care 2024; 36:1002-1009. [PMID: 38088934 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2023.2289469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
There is emerging evidence that a significant proportion of migrants acquire HIV after arrival in Europe. Thus, to strengthen prevention efforts, it is crucial to understand migrants' vulnerability to HIV/AIDS. This article contributes to this understanding by analysing the perspectives of prevention actors and migrants. Data were collected through a qualitative and participative research study conducted in Switzerland. Twenty prevention actors and 28 migrants participated in in-depth interviews. Results show that migrants' difficulties in accessing and adopting measures to prevent HIV are related to three types of situational vulnerability that increase their vulnerability to HIV/AIDS: social vulnerability, which refers to social inequalities in access to care; relational vulnerability, which refers to unequal distribution of power within intimate relationships; and sexual vulnerability, which refers to stigmatization of sexualities that some people may consider as socially nonconforming. For HIV/AIDS prevention to be successful among migrants, power structures such as sexism, heterosexism, cisgenderism, ethnocentrism, and racism need to be addressed. Reducing stigma related to HIV among migrants requires a struggle against these power structures as well as health inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Mellini
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Marc Tadorian
- Social Work, University of Applied Sciences, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Yuan GF, Qiao S, Li X, Shen Z, Zhou Y. How Does Anticipated HIV Stigma Affect Medication Adherence? A Longitudinal Path Analysis Model. AIDS Behav 2024; 28:1684-1693. [PMID: 38340222 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-024-04293-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Prior research has documented that anticipated HIV stigma may play an important predictive role in medication adherence among people living with HIV (PLWH). However, longitudinal data on the mechanisms underlying this linkage are scarce. The current study aimed to explore the longitudinal mediation association among anticipated HIV stigma, medication adherence support, HIV self-management, and medication adherence. A four-wave sample consisting of 1,098 Chinese PLWH (Mage = 38.63, SD = 9.20; 63.9% male) with a six-month interval was used in the current study. Participants were asked to complete self-report questionnaires. A path analysis model was analyzed. Results indicate that anticipated HIV stigma at baseline was positively related to medication adherence at Time 4 (T4). Medication adherence support at Time 2 (T2) and HIV self-management at Time 3 (T3) serially mediated the anticipated HIV stigma at Time 1 (T1) and medication adherence at T4. These findings provide critical insights into the mediating roles of medication adherence support and HIV self-management in the relationship between anticipated HIV stigma and medication adherence over time. Such an understanding has important implications for the development of tailored interventions and public health strategies aimed at improving medication adherence among PLWH in the context of HIV-related stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhe Frank Yuan
- School of Education Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Health Promotion Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
| | - Shan Qiao
- Department of Health Promotion Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Health Promotion Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Zhiyong Shen
- Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuejiao Zhou
- Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Knippler ET, Martinez AJ, Amiri I, Madundo K, Mmbaga BT, Goldston DB, Relf MV, Knettel BA. Challenges and opportunities for improving mental health care and preventing suicide among people living with HIV: Perspectives of mental health professionals in Tanzania. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0002762. [PMID: 38363789 PMCID: PMC10871509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
People living with HIV (PLWH) experience unique stressors that contribute to emotional distress, and PLWH are more than twice as likely to die by suicide when compared to the general population. In countries like Tanzania, there is a relatively high burden of HIV but few resources to support mental health needs. To gain a better understanding of mental health challenges experienced by PLWH in northern Tanzania and identify opportunities for intervention, we interviewed 12 mental health professionals working in the Kilimanjaro region. Thematic analysis was used to explore drivers and impacts of emotional distress, community influences on mental health, and gaps and barriers to existing mental health care. Perspectives from mental health workers highlight the compounding effects of stress related to HIV status, family conflict, finances, and other social challenges, which can lead to poor HIV treatment outcomes and suicidal ideation. Cultural beliefs and stigma surrounding both mental health and HIV limit care-seeking behavior for mental health issues. Those who do seek care often encounter barriers related to poor mental health infrastructure, including a lack of providers, limited financial resources, and little integration into other health services. There is a clear need for investment in the mental health care system, as well as interventions to improve knowledge and perceptions of mental health and comprehensively address stressors. We describe feedback on a proposed telehealth counseling intervention integrated into routine HIV services, which shows strong potential to mitigate barriers to mental health treatment, reduce suicidal ideation, and support the wellbeing of PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth T. Knippler
- Duke Center for AIDS Research, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Alyssa J. Martinez
- Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ismail Amiri
- Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kim Madundo
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Blandina T. Mmbaga
- Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University, Moshi, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - David B. Goldston
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michael V. Relf
- Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Brandon A. Knettel
- Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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Van Landeghem E, Arbier A, Pratt CSA, Senga M, Scheerder G, Reyniers T, Hensen B, Nöstlinger C. PrEP Among Sub-Saharan African Diaspora Communities in Belgium - a Participatory Action Research Study. J Community Health 2024; 49:156-165. [PMID: 37580443 PMCID: PMC10881606 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-023-01269-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
In Belgium, migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) accounted for 45% of new heterosexual HIV infections in 2021, while only 1.5% of PrEP starters were of SSA descent. We explored the acceptance of PrEP and barriers towards PrEP uptake and use among SSA migrant and diaspora communities in Belgium using a participatory action research approach. Trained community researchers (CRs), involved in all phases of the study, co-designed and moderated group discussions (GDs) while simultaneously providing information on HIV and PrEP during workshops. Extensive summaries and field notes were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. CRs were involved in data analysis, interpretation and reporting. We conducted seven GDs with 51 participants. We identified five major themes: (1) Participants had limited PrEP knowledge, which created feelings of surprise and annoyance about not being informed. This was partly explained by (2) the taboo and stigma that surrounds sexuality and HIV, which could shape PrEP acceptance. (3) Participants shared feelings of otherness due to experiences of racism and discrimination, also in relationship to HIV prevention. (4) PrEP was considered a high-threshold prevention tool, because of its perceived side-effects and its specialized service delivery. (5) Despite nuanced opinions about PrEP, all participants agreed that PrEP promotion should be mainstreamed, so everyone can make an informed decision. In conclusion, PrEP seemed acceptable among our participants. Our qualitative study provides insights into the intersecting barriers to accessing HIV services, showing that SSA diaspora communities are 'hardly reached' rather than 'hard to reach' by PrEP promotion messages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Van Landeghem
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155 Antwerp, Antwerp, 2000, Belgium.
| | - Alida Arbier
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155 Antwerp, Antwerp, 2000, Belgium
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christian Sydney A Pratt
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155 Antwerp, Antwerp, 2000, Belgium
| | - Mikaza Senga
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155 Antwerp, Antwerp, 2000, Belgium
| | - Gert Scheerder
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155 Antwerp, Antwerp, 2000, Belgium
| | - Thijs Reyniers
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155 Antwerp, Antwerp, 2000, Belgium
| | - Bernadette Hensen
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155 Antwerp, Antwerp, 2000, Belgium
| | - Christiana Nöstlinger
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155 Antwerp, Antwerp, 2000, Belgium
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Zhang L, Ni Z, Liu Y, Chen H. The effectiveness of e-health on reducing stigma, improving social support and quality of life among people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Nurs Stud 2023; 148:104606. [PMID: 37801937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2023.104606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many people living with HIV reported poor quality of life, which was primarily due to HIV-related stigma and the lack of social support. Compared with face-to-face interventions, e-health interventions are reported to have potential to help people living with HIV improve their adherence to antiretroviral therapy, promote their management of HIV and depressive symptoms. However, in the literature, the effectiveness of e-health interventions in helping people living with HIV reduce stigma, improve social support and quality of life is unclear. OBJECTIVE To examine the effectiveness of e-health interventions in reducing stigma and improving social support and quality of life among people living with HIV. DESIGN This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials following the Cochrane Handbook guidelines and PRISMA2020. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted from inception to 1st December 2022 in six databases: PubMed, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, PsycINFO (Ovid), Embase, Web of Science, and CENTRAL (Ovid), and an updated search took place on 11st June 2023. Two authors independently screened the studies and extracted the data. Cochrane's bias risk tool for randomized controlled trials was used to examine the methodological quality of the included studies. The intervention effect was estimated by calculating the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) using Review Manager 5.3. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to test the rigor of the pooled results using one-study-out method. The certainty of evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. RESULTS Nine studies met eligibility criteria and were included in this review. The results of the meta-analysis showed that e-health interventions could statistically significantly reduce stigma (SMD: -0.29, 95 % CI: [-0.48, -0.10], p = 0.002) and improve quality of life (SMD = 0.49, 95 % CI: [0.30, 0.68], P < 0.001), but had no significant effects on social support (SMD = -0.01, 95 % CI: [-0.48, 0.46] P = 0.96). CONCLUSIONS E-health interventions could reduce stigma and improve quality of life among people living with HIV. More studies are needed to further explore if e-health interventions can improve the social support for people living with HIV and investigate how to integrate e-health interventions into the existing health models to help people living with HIV treat and manage HIV/AIDS. REGISTRATION The protocol of this study has been registered in the database PROSPERO (registration ID: CRD42022373299).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liao Zhang
- Department of Nursing, West China Hospital/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, PR China
| | - Zhao Ni
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS (CIRA), Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; School of Nursing, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Nursing, West China Hospital/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, PR China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Nursing, West China Hospital/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, PR China.
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Poku OB, Eschliman EL, Entaile P, Rampa S, Mehta H, Tal D, Silvert L, Li T, Becker TD, Govindasamy D, Stockton MA, Adedimeji A, Ho-Foster A, Blank MB, Dangerfield DT, Yang LH, Murray SM. "It's Better If I Die Because Even in the Hospital, There is a Stigma, People Still Gossip": Gossip as a Culturally Shaped Labeling Process and Its Implications for HIV-Related Stigma in Botswana. AIDS Behav 2023; 27:2535-2547. [PMID: 36646928 PMCID: PMC10350478 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-023-03980-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This study qualitatively explores HIV-related gossip as both a manifestation and driver of HIV-related stigma, which is a known barrier to HIV testing and treatment in Botswana. Data were elicited from 5 focus group discussions and 46 semi-structured in-depth interviews with individuals living with HIV and community members with undisclosed serostatus in Gaborone, Botswana in 2017 (n = 84). Directed content analysis using the 'What Matters Most' theoretical framework identified culturally salient manifestations of HIV-related stigma; simultaneous use of Modified Labeling Theory allowed interpretation and stepwise organization of how the social phenomenon of gossip leads to adverse HIV outcomes. Results indicated that HIV-related gossip can diminish community standing through culturally influenced mechanisms, in turn precipitating poor psychosocial well-being and worsened HIV-related outcomes. These harms may be offset by protective factors, such as appearing healthy, accepting one's HIV status, and community education about the harms of gossip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohemaa B Poku
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Evan L Eschliman
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Shathani Rampa
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Haitisha Mehta
- Department of Clinical and Counselling Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Danielle Tal
- Department of Clinical and Counselling Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lea Silvert
- Department of Clinical and Counselling Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tingyu Li
- Department of Clinical and Counselling Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy D Becker
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Melissa A Stockton
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adebola Adedimeji
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | | | - Michael B Blank
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Lawrence H Yang
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah M Murray
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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