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Su P, Zhao P, Wang H, Zhou K, Guo Y, Liu S, Lu H, Chen H, Zhang L, He Z, Xia M, Zhao S. Preparation and application of alkali-activated cementitious materials in solidification/stabilization of chromite ore processing residue. RSC Adv 2024; 14:19912-19921. [PMID: 38903665 PMCID: PMC11187811 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01270d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromite ore processing residue (COPR) is a typical hazardous waste, which contains Cr(vi) and poses a great threat to the ecological environment and human health. In this study, solidification/stabilization (S/S) of COPR was carried out by using blast furnace slag (BFS) and fly ash (FA) to prepare alkali-activated cementitious materials (AACM). The influence of different factors (water glass modulus, liquid-solid ratio, alkali-solid content and curing temperature) on compressive strength was investigated by single-factor experiment. Additionally, solidification effect of AACM was determined according to the compressive strength and the leaching concentration of chromium (Cr(vi) and total Cr). According to the optimal conditions of the single-factor experiment, the highest compressive strength of 147.6 MPa was obtained after using the water glass modulus 1.0, liquid-solid ratio 0.28, alkali-solid content 8%, curing temperature 45 °C. The COPR was solidified in the AACM sample having highest compressive strength. The solidified body still has a good mechanical property (38.2 MPa) with 60% addition COPR. According to leaching tests, the leaching of Cr(vi) and total Cr of solidified body with 50% COPR was far lower than the limit value, which met the purpose of construction and landfill disposal. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis proved that heavy metal chromium was solidified in AACM by physical and chemical means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyue Su
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University Lianyungang 222005 China
| | - Pan Zhao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University Lianyungang 222005 China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University Lianyungang 222005 China
| | - Kun Zhou
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University Lianyungang 222005 China
| | - Yicheng Guo
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University Lianyungang 222005 China
| | - Sha Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University Lianyungang 222005 China
| | - Huicheng Lu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University Lianyungang 222005 China
| | - Haiyu Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University Lianyungang 222005 China
| | - Lanjun Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University Lianyungang 222005 China
| | - Ziqiang He
- Key Laboratory of Electromechanical Equipment Security in Western Complex Environment for State Market Regulation, Chongqing Special Equipment Inspection and Research Institute Chongqing 401121 China
| | - Ming Xia
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University Lianyungang 222005 China
- Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Jiangsu Ocean University Lianyungang 222005 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Function Control Technology for Advanced Materials, Jiangsu Ocean University Lianyungang 222005 China
| | - Shujie Zhao
- School of Safety Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology Huainan 232001 China
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Pang W, Yao J, Knudsen TŠ, Cao Y, Ma B, Li H, Li M, Liu B. Degradation of typical flotation reagents using lead-zinc smelting slag as mediator for persulfate activation: Effect of gallic acid and Cr(VI) on the removal performance and fate of reactive oxygen species. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 344:123292. [PMID: 38182012 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
To remediate the Cr(VI)-organic co-contaminants in a non-ferrous mining area, a gallic acid (GA) accelerated lead-zinc smelting slag (LZSS, a mine-sourced waste) mediated peroxodisulfate (PDS) Fenton-like system was constructed for degradation of two typical flotation reagents (benzotriazole and N-hydroxyphthalimide). LZSS acting as an in-situ Fe source in the Fenton-like process, could continuously release Fe species, while GA as a chelate with reducing properties was able to accelerate the rate-limiting step of Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycle to enhance the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the LZSS/PDS/GA system, produced SO4•-, •OH and Fe(IV) jointly contributed to the contaminant removal through radical/nonradical pathways. However, when Cr(VI) coexisted with organic pollutants in the LZSS/PDS/GA system, the reduction of Cr(VI) consumed the electrons that otherwise would have been available for activation of PDS, resulting in fewer different ROS being produced. The increased concentration of GA, as an electron donor, promoted the production of SO4•-, but this promoting effect gradually diminished with increasing Cr(VI). Overall, the dominant ROS gradually transformed from Fe(IV) to SO4•-/•OH as the GA level increased or the Cr(VI) level decreased. Therefore, regulation of the relative roles of ROS by adjusting either the GA dosage or the Cr(VI) levels in the wastewater can improve availability of ROS for further specific removal of pollutants. This study offers an all-in-one solution for utilization of LZSS industrial waste and degradation of flotation reagents, and it also provides a new insight into the advanced environmental application of GA in remediation of Cr(VI)-organic co-contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wancheng Pang
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jun Yao
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Tatjana Šolević Knudsen
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Chemistry, Njegoševa 12, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ying Cao
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Bo Ma
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hao Li
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Bang Liu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
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Xia M, Su P, Wang H, Lu H, Chen H, Zhao S, Li D. Research on the environmental stability performance of chromite ore processing residue solidified products. RSC Adv 2024; 14:1377-1385. [PMID: 38174258 PMCID: PMC10763698 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06820j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromite ore processing residue (COPR) is a hazardous waste because of leachable chromium, especially Cr(vi). Therefore, ascorbic acid (AA) and blast furnace slag (BFS) have been used to detoxify and solidify COPR. On this basis, environmental stability experiments with high temperature and freeze-thaw cycles were carried out to explore the stability performance of a solidified body with 40% COPR. The environmental stability performance was analyzed through changes in edge length, mass loss, compressive strength development, and leaching concentration of Cr(vi). The result indicated that the high-temperature environment had much more effect on the solidified body than the freeze-thaw cycle environment in these four aspects: after being maintained at 900 °C for 2 h, the compressive strength of the solidified bodies reached its minimum value (35.76 MPa). However, in the freeze-thaw cycle experiments, the compressive strength of the solidified bodies consistently remained above 80 MPa, and the leaching of hexavalent chromium was below the limit (5 mg L-1). In addition, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) analysis verified that COPR was effectively solidified through physical and chemical means. Moreover, high temperature changes the molecular structure of the solidified body, thus reducing the compressive strength and curing ability of the solidified body, while the freeze-thaw cycle experiment has little effect on it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xia
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University Lianyungang 222005 China
- Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Jiangsu Ocean University Lianyungang 222005 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Function Control Technology for Advanced Materials, Jiangsu Ocean University Lianyungang 222005 China
| | - Pengyue Su
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University Lianyungang 222005 China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University Lianyungang 222005 China
| | - Huicheng Lu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University Lianyungang 222005 China
| | - Haiyu Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University Lianyungang 222005 China
| | - Shujie Zhao
- School of Safety Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology Huainan 232001 China
| | - Dongwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China
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Study on Properties of Copper-Contaminated Soil Solidified by Solid Waste System Combined with Cement. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14095604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Three industrial solid wastes including red mud, carbide slag, and phosphogypsum combined with ordinary Portland cement were used as curing agents to solidify/stabilize loess polluted by a high concentration of copper ions. The unconfined compressive strength, resistivity, permeability coefficient, copper ion leaching concentration, pH value, and other engineering application evaluation indexes were analyzed to preliminarily assess the applicability of the curing agent in the remediation of soil contaminated with a high concentration of copper ions. The mineral phases and functional groups of solidified soil were detected using XRD and FTIR, showing that the strength, electrical resistivity, and pH value of solidified soil decrease following the addition of copper ions. Moreover, the strength and resistivity of solidified soil increase with the curing age, and the pH value decreases with age. For solidified contaminated soil, when the total content of curing agent increases from 10 to 20%, the maximum 28 d strength increases from 1.35 to 5.43 MPa, and in this study, its permeability coefficient, copper ion leaching concentration, and pH value were found to be within the limits set by relevant national standards. In conclusion, red mud-carbide slag-phosphogypsum combined with cement has a good stabilizing effect on sites polluted with a high concentration of copper ions.
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Sustainable Management Strategy for Solidification/Stabilization of Zinc Plant Residues (ZPR) by Fly Ash/Clay-Based Geopolymers. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14084438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Solidification/stabilization (S/S) of acid waste using Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is widely implemented, but, due to the impact on climate change, alternative methods are being investigated. In this work, first, the feasibility of using coal fly-ash/clay-based geopolymers for the S/S of Zn plant residues (ZPR), Cadmium Sponge (CS), and Anode Mud (AM) is proposed as a treatment prior to disposal in landfills. Different variables, such as the type of processing, molding (as-received waste), and pressing (dried waste), and activators, a commercial and an alternative residual sodium carbonate, have been studied. The technical and environmental assessments of the S/S process by means of compressive strength and the leaching of critical pollutants have been monitored. Immobilization efficiencies of Cd and Zn higher than 99% have been obtained by dosing 50% of the acid waste, 6 M NaOH solution (20 min contact time), cured at 75 °C (48 h) and at room temperature (28 days), achieving in the leachates pH values of 7 to 10 and [Cd] and [Zn] < 1 and 2.5 mg/kg, respectively. However, alkaline activation increases As leaching, mainly associated with the clay. Secondly, removing clay from the geopolymer formulation, the optimization of geopolymer parameters, acid waste/geopolymer ratio, liquid/solid ratio, and NaOH molar concentration enables obtaining a significant reduction in the release of As and Cd, and Zn is kept at acceptable values that meet the non-hazardous waste landfill disposal limits for the S/S of both acid wastes.
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Structural and Chemical Properties of Geopolymer Gels Incorporated with Neodymium and Samarium. Gels 2021; 7:gels7040195. [PMID: 34842670 PMCID: PMC8628784 DOI: 10.3390/gels7040195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work was focused on doping of 1% and 5% both of Nd2O3 and Sm2O3 in geopolymer gels. One of the main goals was to determine the influence of the behavior of Nd and Sm as dopants and structural nanoparticles changes of the final geopolymer formed. It is shown that the disorder formed by alkali activation of metakaolin can accommodate the rare earth cations Nd3+ and Sm3+ into their aluminosilicate framework structure. The main geopolymerization product identified in gels is Al-rich (Na)-AS-H gel comprising Al and Si in tetrahedral coordination. Na+ ions were balancing the negative charge resulting from Al3+ in tetrahedral coordination. The changes in the structures of the final product (geopolymer/Nd2O3; Sm2O3), has been characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). Nucleation at the seed surfaces leads to the formation of phase-separated gels from rare earth phase early in the reaction process. It is confirmed that Nd and Sm have been shown to form unstable hydroxides Nd(OH)3 and Sm(OH)3 that are in equilibrium with the corresponding oxides.
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