No Association between Metabolic Syndrome and Periodontitis in Korean Postmenopausal Women

Periodontitis and Metabolic Syndrome: Statistical and Machine Learning Analytics of a Nationwide Study

This study aimed to analyze the associations between periodontitis and metabolic syndrome (MetS) components and related conditions while controlling for sociodemographics, health behaviors, and caries levels among young and middle-aged adults. We analyzed data from the Dental, Oral, and Medical Epidemiological (DOME) record-based cross-sectional study that combines comprehensive sociodemographic, medical, and dental databases of a nationally representative sample of military personnel. The research consisted of 57,496 records of patients, and the prevalence of periodontitis was 9.79% (5630/57,496). The following parameters retained a significant positive association with subsequent periodontitis multivariate analysis (from the highest to the lowest OR (odds ratio)): brushing teeth (OR = 2.985 (2.739-3.257)), obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (OR = 2.188 (1.545-3.105)), cariogenic diet consumption (OR = 1.652 (1.536-1.776)), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (OR = 1.483 (1.171-1.879)), smoking (OR = 1.176 (1.047-1.322)), and age (OR = 1.040 (1.035-1.046)). The following parameters retained a significant negative association (protective effect) with periodontitis in the multivariate analysis (from the highest to the lowest OR): the mean number of decayed teeth (OR = 0.980 (0.970-0.991)); North America as the birth country compared to native Israelis (OR = 0.775 (0.608-0.988)); urban non-Jewish (OR = 0.442 (0.280-0.698)); and urban Jewish (OR = 0.395 (0.251-0.620)) compared to the rural locality of residence. Feature importance analysis using the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) machine learning algorithm with periodontitis as the target variable ranked obesity, OSA, and NAFLD as the most important systemic conditions in the model. We identified a profile of the "patient vulnerable to periodontitis" characterized by older age, rural residency, smoking, brushing teeth, cariogenic diet, comorbidities of obesity, OSA and NAFLD, and fewer untreated decayed teeth. North American-born individuals had a lower prevalence of periodontitis than native Israelis. This study emphasizes the holistic view of the MetS cluster and explores less-investigated MetS-related conditions in the context of periodontitis. A comprehensive assessment of disease risk factors is crucial to target high-risk populations for periodontitis and MetS.

Periodontal Disease and Its Association with Metabolic Syndrome-A Comprehensive Review

Periodontal disease is a complex and progressive chronic inflammatory condition that leads to the loss of alveolar bone and teeth. It has been associated with various systemic diseases, including diabetes mellitus and obesity, among others. Some of these conditions are part of the metabolic syndrome cluster, a group of interconnected systemic diseases that significantly raise the risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and stroke. The metabolic syndrome cluster encompasses central obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and hypertension. In this review, our objective is to investigate the correlation between periodontal disease and the components and outcomes of the metabolic syndrome cluster. By doing so, we aim to gain insights into the fundamental mechanisms that link each systemic condition with the metabolic syndrome. This deeper understanding of the interplay between these conditions and periodontal disease can pave the way for more effective treatments that take into account the broader impact of managing periodontal disease on the comprehensive treatment of systemic diseases, and vice versa.

Correlation of Periodontal Bacteria with Chronic Inflammation Present in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is correlated with many chronic diseases, and so far is moderately followed and treated. The present study follows a correlation of the presence of pathogens (Fusobacterium nucleatum, Bacteroides forsythus, and others) in the gingival crevicular fluid and MS. (1) An important role in the fight against MS is to reduce fat mass, inflammatory mediators, and prevent cytokine-associated diseases. (2) A group of 111 people with MS was studied, divided into 3 groups. The control group (CG) received no treatment for either periodontitis or MS. The diet therapy group (DG) followed a clinical diet therapy specific to MS, and the diet therapy and sports group (DSG) in addition to diet therapy introduced regular physical activity; (3) A statistically significant worsening of periodontopathogens was observed correlated with the advancement of MS (increase in fat mass, visceral fat, and ECW/TBW ratio) in the CG group. In the case of DG and DSG groups, an improvement of the parameters was observed, including periodontal diseases. Therefore, anti-inflammatory diet therapy contributes to the reduction of gingival inflammation and thus contributes to the reduction of the development of pathogenic bacteria in the gingival, responsible for the development of periodontal disease and directly by other chronic diseases.