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Savolainen E, Lindqvist AK, Mikaelsson K, Nyberg L, Rutberg S. Children's active school transportation: an international scoping review of psychosocial factors. Syst Rev 2024; 13:47. [PMID: 38291491 PMCID: PMC10826279 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-023-02414-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the last decades, the prevalence of AST has decreased significantly. Barriers to active school transport (AST) have been extensively examined in the literature, while psychosocial factors that facilitate AST have received less attention. To our best knowledge, there are currently no reviews on this subject. Therefore, the objective of this review was to scope the literature and identify published research about psychosocial factors related to AST. METHODS Systematic searches conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, TRID, Scopus, and ERIC resulted in a total of 1933 publications, and 77 of them were considered eligible for this review. RESULTS The results of the included articles were categorised into four psychosocial factors: confidence in ability, attitudes, social support, and social norms, which were all generally positively related to AST, with a few exceptions. CONCLUSION The findings of this review indicate that these psychosocial factors may be important to consider when developing interventions and highlight that both children and parents should be involved in the process. This knowledge can serve as a valuable guide for developing interventions to promote AST. However, the evidence base supporting these psychosocial factors requires further investigation to fully understand how and when to incorporate them to maximise AST efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Savolainen
- Department of Health, Education and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Anna-Karin Lindqvist
- Department of Health, Education and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Katarina Mikaelsson
- Department of Health, Education and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Department of Health, Education and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Stina Rutberg
- Department of Health, Education and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden
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Clark AF, Thomas M, Buttazzoni A, Adams M, Coen SE, Seabrook J, Tobin D, Tucker T, Gilliland J. Validating the Perceived Active School Travel Enablers and Barriers-Parent (PASTEB-P) Questionnaire to Support Intervention Programming and Research. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20105874. [PMID: 37239600 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20105874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A child's ability to participate in active school travel (AST) is complicated by several factors. Of particular note are parental controls, which are informed by their perceptions of the local built and social environments, assessments of their child's skills, and convenience preferences, among other considerations. However, there is currently a lack of AST-specific scales that include validated parental perception measures related to such notable barriers and enablers, or those that tend to frame their AST decision-making processes. Framed within the social-ecological model of health behaviour, the aims of the present paper were thus threefold, specifically to (1) outline and test the construct validity of measures delineating parental perceptions of barriers and enablers to AST, (2) evaluate the reliability and consistency of the developed measures, and (3) connect these measures to develop broader constructs for use in the Perceived Active School Travel Enablers and Barriers-Parent (PASTEB-P) questionnaire. To achieve these aims, a mixed-methods approach featuring cognitive interviews and surveys, along with qualitative (thematic analysis) and quantitative (Cohen's Kappa, McDonald's Omega, and confirmatory factor analysis) analyses, was applied across two studies. The validation processes of the two studies resulted in the development of fifteen items comprising seven distinct constructs (barriers: AST Skills, Convenience, Road Safety, Social Safety, and Equipment Storage; enablers: Supportive Environment and Safe Environment) related to parental perceptions of AST. The developed PASTEB-P questionnaire can be used to inform and evaluate AST intervention programming and can be applied for AST research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F Clark
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Melissa Thomas
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Adrian Buttazzoni
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Matthew Adams
- Department of Geography, Geomatics and Environment, University of Toronto-Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Stephanie E Coen
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Jamie Seabrook
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Danielle Tobin
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Trish Tucker
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- School of Occupational Therapy, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Jason Gilliland
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON N6C 2V5, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
- School of Health Studies, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
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Forsberg H, Rutberg S, Nyberg L, Lindqvist AK. Children's intervention participation is associated with more positive beliefs towards active school transportation among parents. Health Promot Int 2023; 38:7080460. [PMID: 36932992 PMCID: PMC10024479 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daad016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Insufficient physical activity among children is a critical issue and health promoting initiatives are required to reverse this trend. In response to the current situation, a school-based intervention aiming to increase physical activity with the aid of active school transportation (AST) was implemented in one municipality in northern Sweden. By adopting the framework of the Theory of Planned Behavior, we aimed to analyse beliefs among parents whose children were or were not involved in the AST intervention. All municipality schools were included. There were 1024 responses from parents, comprising 610 who responded either 'yes' or 'no' to participating in the intervention. An adjusted linear regression analysis showed that children's intervention participation was significantly associated with more positive beliefs towards AST among parents. These results indicates that it is possible to influence beliefs that are important in the parental decision-making process by the use of an AST intervention. Therefore, to make children's active transport to school the more favorable choice for parents, it seems to be worthwhile to not only give children the opportunity to participate but also to involve parents and address their beliefs when designing interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stina Rutberg
- Department of Health, Education and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, SE 97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Department of Health, Education and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, SE 97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Anna-Karin Lindqvist
- Department of Health, Education and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, SE 97187 Luleå, Sweden
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