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Pierce JP, Luo M, McMenamin SB, Stone MD, Leas EC, Strong D, Shi Y, Kealey S, Benmarhnia T, Messer K. Declines in cigarette smoking among US adolescents and young adults: indications of independence from e-cigarette vaping surge. Tob Control 2023:tc-2022-057907. [PMID: 37940404 DOI: 10.1136/tc-2022-057907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare trends in cigarette smoking and nicotine vaping among US population aged 17-18 years and 18-24 years. METHODS Regression analyses identified trends in ever and current use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes, using three US representative surveys from 1992 to 2022. RESULTS From 1997 to 2020, cigarette smoking prevalence among those aged 18-24 years decreased from 29.1% (95% CI 27.4% to 30.7%) to 5.4% (95% CI 3.9% to 6.9%). The decline was highly correlated with a decline in past 30-day smoking among those aged 17-18 years (1997: 36.8% (95% CI 35.6% to 37.9%; 2022: 3.0% (95% CI 1.8% to 4.1%). From 2017 to 2019, both ever-vaping and past 30-day nicotine vaping (11.0% to 25.5%) surged among those 17-18 years, however there was no increase among those aged 18-24 years. Regression models demonstrated that the surge in vaping was independent of the decline in cigarette smoking. In the 24 most populous US states, exclusive vaping did increase among those aged 18-24 years, from 1.7% to 4.0% to equivalent to 40% of the decline in cigarette smoking between 2014-15 and 2018-19. Across these US states, the correlation between the changes in vaping and smoking prevalence was low (r=0.11). In the two US states with >US$1/fluid mL tax on e-cigarettes in 2017, cigarette smoking declined faster than the US average. CONCLUSIONS Since 1997, a large decline in cigarette smoking occurred in the US population under age 24 years, that was independent of the 2017-19 adolescent surge in past 30-day e-cigarette vaping. Further research is needed to assess whether the 2014-15 to 2018-19 increase in exclusive vaping in those aged 18-24 years is a cohort effect from earlier dependence on e-cigarette vaping as adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Pierce
- Division of Health Policy, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Cancer Control Program, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Man Luo
- Division of Biostatistics, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sara B McMenamin
- Division of Health Policy, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Matthew D Stone
- Division of Health Policy, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Cancer Control Program, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Eric C Leas
- Division of Health Policy, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - David Strong
- Division of Health Behavior, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yuyan Shi
- Division of Health Policy, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sheila Kealey
- Cancer Control Program, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tarik Benmarhnia
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Karen Messer
- Division of Biostatistics, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Biostatistics Shared Resource, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Romm KF, Turiano NA, Milstred AR, Bray BC, Dino G, Doogan N, Blank MD. Socioecological Predictors of Change in Adolescent Tobacco Use Across Waves 1-4 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. J Adolesc Health 2023; 72:375-382. [PMID: 36528513 PMCID: PMC10868139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite decreases in adolescents' cigarette use over the past decade, overall rates of adolescent tobacco use have increased. Research examining adolescents' changes across a range of tobacco products reflective of the current market, as well as multilevel predictors of use trajectories is needed. METHODS Data derive from Waves 1-4 (W1-4; 2013-2018) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study. Participants included 975 adolescents who used ≥1 tobacco product (cigarettes, electronic cigarettes [ECIGs], traditional cigars, cigarillos, filtered cigars, snus, smokeless tobacco [SLT], hookah) at any wave (W1 Mage = 13.29 [0.86], 54.2% male; 54.5% White, 25.9% Hispanic). RESULTS Utilizing latent growth curve modeling (separate models per product), adolescents displayed increases in their past 30-day use of all tobacco products from W1-4. Greater W1 use was predicted by identifying as non-Hispanic (cigarettes); lower parent education (SLT); greater externalizing problems (cigarillos); greater motives (all products except cigarillos); greater youth-reported household smoking rules (cigarillos); and greater isolation (ECIGs). More use across time (i.e., higher slope) was predicted by older age (cigarettes); identifying as male (ECIGs, SLT), Black (vs. White; cigarillos), White (vs. Black, Hispanic; ECIGs, SLT); fewer externalizing problems (SLT); fewer motives (ECIGs); fewer youth-reported rules (cigarillos, SLT); and greater geographic isolation (cigarettes, SLT). DISCUSSION Although some individual-level factors (i.e., motives, externalizing problems) predicted greater W1 use (i.e., intercept) only, interpersonal- (parent rules) and community-level (geographic isolation) factors were associated with changes in use over time (i.e., slope). Intervention efforts may address such factors to reduce adolescents' escalations in use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn F Romm
- TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, Univeristy of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
| | - Nicholas A Turiano
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia; West Virginia Prevention Research Center, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Andrea R Milstred
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Bethany C Bray
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Geri Dino
- West Virginia Prevention Research Center, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Nathan Doogan
- Ohio State University, Government Resources Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Melissa D Blank
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia; West Virginia Prevention Research Center, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
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Dunbar MS, Tucker JS. Introduction to the Special Issue "Emerging Trends in Combustible Tobacco and Vaping Product Use". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:4992. [PMID: 35564387 PMCID: PMC9099712 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19094992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco use remains a leading cause of preventable death and disease worldwide [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Dunbar
- RAND Corporation, 4750 Fifth Avenue, Suite 600, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Joan S. Tucker
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA 90401, USA;
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