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Buckey TM, Feldman SF, Apter AJ. An Ethical Framework for Allergy and Immunology. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2024; 12:1153-1158. [PMID: 38395255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2024.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Ethical dilemmas routinely occur in the clinical practice of allergy and immunology. These ethical questions stem from the range of conditions and the different populations cared for by Allergists/Immunologists. Hence, medical ethics is not an esoteric concept, but a practical skill physicians exercise regularly. Moreover, an ethics-centered approach may improve patient safety and outcomes. This article describes key principles of bioethics and illustrates an ethical framework that physicians can use in their conversations with patients. Utilization of this ethical framework is demonstrated through applying it to 4 unique clinical scenarios encountered by Allergists/Immunologists from different practice settings. The ethical framework for allergy and immunology is a technique to navigate ethically complex decisions that arise in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Buckey
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Scott F Feldman
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Andrea J Apter
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Slavec A, Iwanowska M, Bałandynowicz-Panfil K, Olah Ș, Zvonar MŠ, Štebe J, Łosiewicz M. Determinants of COVID-19 vaccination intention in Central and Eastern Europe: A cross-sectional study in Poland, Romania, and Slovenia. Arch Public Health 2024; 82:60. [PMID: 38689314 PMCID: PMC11061955 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-024-01261-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying predictors of vaccination intention is critical to developing appropriate programs and campaigns targeting groups reluctant to be vaccinated. This study aimed to identify the determinants of vaccination intention at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in three Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries: Poland, Romania, and Slovenia. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, a sample of unvaccinated 1723 Poles, Romanians, and Slovenians completed an online survey (April 2021). Questions included measures of vaccination intention, attitudes towards vaccines, conspiracy mindset, preference for a type of vaccine, and trust in information sources. RESULTS The results showed that mistrust of vaccine benefits and concerns about commercial profiteering negatively predicted vaccination intention. Conversely, trust in information from medical professionals and scientists, official sources, and traditional media was positively related to vaccination intention, while trust in digital media was negatively related to vaccination intention. In addition, preference for mRNA vaccine type was a positive significant predictor of vaccination intention. The differences between countries are discussed. CONCLUSIONS The study results deliver suggestions for developing appropriate vaccine uptake programs and campaigns that should consider presenting the positive outcomes of vaccines via official sources and traditional media based on scientific evidence and medical professionals' knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Slavec
- InnoRenew CoE, Izola, Slovenia and Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Magdalena Iwanowska
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | | | - Șerban Olah
- Department of Sociology and Social Work, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | | | - Janez Štebe
- Social Science Data Archives (ADP), Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Małgorzata Łosiewicz
- Institute of Media, Journalism and Social Communication, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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Śliż D, Wiecha S, Gąsior JS, Kasiak PS, Ulaszewska K, Lewandowski M, Barylski M, Mamcarz A. Impact of COVID-19 Infection on Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Sleep, and Psychology of Endurance Athletes-CAESAR Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12083002. [PMID: 37109342 PMCID: PMC10143025 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12083002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has a deteriorating impact on health which is especially important for endurance athletes (EAs) who need to maintain continuity of training. The illness affects sleep and psychology, which influence sport performance. The aims of this study were: (1) to assess the consequences of mild COVID-19 on sleep and psychology and (2) to assess the consequences of mild COVID-19 on cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) results. A total of 49 EAs (males = 43, 87.76%; females = 6, 12.24%; age = 39.9 ± 7.8 years; height = 178.4 ± 6.8 cm; weight = 76.3 ± 10.4 kg; BMI = 24.0 ± 2.6 kg·m-2) underwent a maximal cycling or running CPET pre- and post-COVID-19 and completed an original survey. Exercise performance deteriorated after COVID-19 (maximal oxygen uptake, VO2max = 47.81 ± 7.81 vs. 44.97 ± 7.00 mL·kg·min-1 pre- and post-infection, respectively; p < 0.001). Waking up at night affected the heart rate (HR) at the respiratory compensation point (RCP) (p = 0.028). Sleep time influenced pulmonary ventilation (p = 0.013), breathing frequency (p = 0.010), and blood lactate concentration (Lac) (p = 0.013) at the RCP. The maximal power/speed (p = 0.046) and HR (p = 0.070) were linked to the quality of sleep. Stress management and relaxation techniques were linked with VO2max (p = 0.046), maximal power/speed (p = 0.033), and maximal Lac (p = 0.045). Cardiorespiratory fitness deteriorated after mild COVID-19 and was correlated with sleep and psychological indices. Medical professionals should encourage EAs to maintain proper mental health and sleep after COVID-19 infection to facilitate recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Śliż
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 04-749 Warsaw, Poland
- School of Public Health, Postgraduate Medical Education Center, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Szczepan Wiecha
- Department of Physical Education and Health, Faculty in Biala Podlaska, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 21-500 Biala Podlaska, Poland
| | - Jakub S Gąsior
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and General Pediatrics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Seweryn Kasiak
- Students' Scientific Group of Lifestyle Medicine, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 04-749 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ulaszewska
- Students' Scientific Group of Lifestyle Medicine, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 04-749 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Lewandowski
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology Collegium Medicum, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Barylski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiac Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Łódź, Poland
| | - Artur Mamcarz
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 04-749 Warsaw, Poland
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Wróblewski M, Meler A, Stankowska J, Kawiak-Jawor E. An Analysis of Factors Shaping Vaccine Attitudes and Behaviours in a Low-Trust Society Based on Structural Equation Modelling-The Case of Poland's Vaccination Programme against COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14655. [PMID: 36429367 PMCID: PMC9690255 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on factors that shape vaccine attitudes and behaviours in the context of a low-trust society. Our analysis focuses on the Polish vaccination programme against COVID-19, primarily on (1) the evaluation of the information campaign, (2) trust in the institutions, (3) trust in other people, (4) attitudes toward vaccine safety and efficacy, (5) attitudes toward restrictions related to vaccination (e.g., restricted access to certain services for unvaccinated persons) and the introduction of mandatory vaccination, (6) the evaluation of the government's actions during the pandemic, and (7) political preferences. The study was conducted with a sample of 1143 adult residents in Poland (CATI). The explanation of the factors determining the COVID-19 vaccine was based on structural equation modelling (SEM). The model showed that the declared fact of vaccination was largely determined by a positive attitude toward restrictions related to vaccination and trust in vaccines. The formation of the provaccine attitude was to an extent determined by the assessment of the government's campaign and actions during pandemic. While institutional trust had a positive effect on support for the ruling coalition (0.56), the latter on its own had the opposite effect (-0.61) on the formation of provaccine attitude. In the group who both trust institutions and support the parties currently in power, there are more of those who simultaneously reject the restrictions and mandatory vaccination and remain sceptical about the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines than those who both trust in the vaccine safety and efficacy and accept the restrictions and mandatory vaccination. This indicates that in the context of strong political polarisation, ideological affiliations may play a greater role in shaping vaccine attitudes and behaviours than institutional trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Wróblewski
- Institute of Sociology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
- The Łukasiewicz Research Network Institute of Organisation and Management in Industry, 00-879 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Andrzej Meler
- Institute of Sociology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Joanna Stankowska
- Institute of Sociology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Ewa Kawiak-Jawor
- The Łukasiewicz Research Network Institute of Organisation and Management in Industry, 00-879 Warszawa, Poland
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Florek S, Piegza M, Dębski P, Gorczyca P, Pudlo R. The Influence of Sociodemographic Factors on Symptoms of Anxiety, the Level of Aggression and Alcohol Consumption in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic among Polish Respondents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127081. [PMID: 35742329 PMCID: PMC9222902 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the mental health of most of the world's population. The authors of this study decided to identify differences in the intensity of anxiety, aggression and alcohol consumption within the study population. The study was conducted via an Internet survey. It uses Polish adaptations of international scales to assess anxiety (GAD-7), aggression (Buss and Perry Aggression Scale) and alcohol consumption (AUDIT test). A total of 538 people were examined. The surveyed group of respondents does not reflect the structure of Polish society. The group of surveyed women scored higher than men in terms of anxiety, as well as anger and hostility. The examined men were characterized by higher results of alcohol consumption and physical aggression. People between 18 and 49 years of age consumed significantly more alcohol than people aged 50 and over. People aged 18-29 obtained statistically significantly higher scores in generalized aggression and hostility. The relationships between the studied parameters do not differ significantly from those presented in other studies. People under the age of 50 are the group most exposed to the harmful effects of alcohol. Women between the ages of 30 and 49 are most vulnerable to the negative mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a need for further research studies in which the studied group will obtain a greater degree of compliance with the structure of Polish society.
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Health Behaviours and the Sense of Optimism in Nursing Students in Poland, Spain and Slovakia during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042388. [PMID: 35206576 PMCID: PMC8872299 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
(1) The COVID-19 outbreak brought about several socio-economic changes and has had a negative impact on the mental health of people around the world. The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between health behaviours and dispositional optimism among nursing students in Poland, Spain and Slovakia during the COVID-19 pandemic. (2) The study was carried out in spring 2021 on a group of 756 nursing students in Poland (n = 390), Spain (n = 196) and Slovakia (n = 170). The diagnostic survey method was applied with the questionnaire technique, and the following standardised research tools were used: Life Orientation Test—Revised (LOT-R) and the Health Behaviour Inventory (IZZ). The survey was conducted in a mixed arrangement: in direct contact with the respondents in Poland and in Spain and online in Slovakia. (3) Significant differences were demonstrated in health behaviour preferences in students in Poland, Spain and Slovakia (F = 6.22; p < 0.002). The highest IZZ index was found in Spanish students (82.60 ± 13.65), while lower values were observed in Slovak (80.38 ± 13.74) and Polish (78.44 ± 13.47) students. The correlation between dispositional optimism and a positive attitude was the strongest in the Polish sample (r = 0.56; p < 0.001), at a high level in the Spanish sample (r = 0.53; p < 0.001) and at an average level in the Slovak sample (r = 0.48; p < 0.001). (4) 1. The study showed a moderating effect of the country of origin on the students’ health behaviours. 2. Dispositional optimism is an important predictor of the students’ health behaviours, regardless of the country of origin.
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Hoffmann K, Paczkowska A, Bońka A, Michalak M, Bryl W, Kopciuch D, Zaprutko T, Ratajczak P, Nowakowska E, Kus K. Assessment of the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Pro-Health Behavior of Poles. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031299. [PMID: 35162322 PMCID: PMC8835032 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic has exerted enormous impacts on individuals’ lifestyle, economics and social life. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health-promoting behaviors of a sample of the Polish population, including dietary supplementation, physical activity, eating habits, and the implementation of preventive vaccinations. Within the scope of a survey, data was collected from 1101 adult respondents residing in Poland (862 women and 239 men). An anonymous questionnaire prepared based on the scientific literature was used as a research tool. The survey was conducted during the second wave of COVID-19 using the CAWI (Computer—Assisted Web Interview) method by disseminating the questionnaire using selected social media. We found that, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the respondents were more likely to maintain healthy eating habits and use dietary supplementation; however, the majority engaged in physical activity less frequently and had a sedentary lifestyle. Most felt no need to undergo preventive influenza vaccinations. The COVID-19 pandemic significantly increased the health awareness of the analyzed group from the Polish population. However, the obtained results are not fully satisfactory; therefore, there is a need to promote a healthy lifestyle and pro-health behaviors as part of social campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Hoffmann
- Department of Internal Diseases, Metabolic Disorders and Arterial Hypertension, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego 82/84 Street, 60-101 Poznań, Poland; (K.H.); (W.B.)
| | - Anna Paczkowska
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Social Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 7 Street, 60-806 Poznań, Poland; (A.B.); (D.K.); (T.Z.); (P.R.); (K.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-507975635; Fax: +48-618546894
| | - Aleksandra Bońka
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Social Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 7 Street, 60-806 Poznań, Poland; (A.B.); (D.K.); (T.Z.); (P.R.); (K.K.)
| | - Michał Michalak
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 7 Street, 60-806 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Wiesław Bryl
- Department of Internal Diseases, Metabolic Disorders and Arterial Hypertension, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego 82/84 Street, 60-101 Poznań, Poland; (K.H.); (W.B.)
| | - Dorota Kopciuch
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Social Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 7 Street, 60-806 Poznań, Poland; (A.B.); (D.K.); (T.Z.); (P.R.); (K.K.)
| | - Tomasz Zaprutko
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Social Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 7 Street, 60-806 Poznań, Poland; (A.B.); (D.K.); (T.Z.); (P.R.); (K.K.)
| | - Piotr Ratajczak
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Social Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 7 Street, 60-806 Poznań, Poland; (A.B.); (D.K.); (T.Z.); (P.R.); (K.K.)
| | - Elżbieta Nowakowska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, Licealna 9 Street, 65-417 Zielona Góra, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Kus
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Social Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 7 Street, 60-806 Poznań, Poland; (A.B.); (D.K.); (T.Z.); (P.R.); (K.K.)
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