1
|
Phrasisombath K, Kubota S, Elliott EM, Horiuchi S, Ounaphom P, Phimmachak L, Souksavanh O, Vongsouvanh P, Rakotomalala Robinson D, Channavong S, Deharo E, Seal WRE, Lo YRJ, Phoummalaysith B. Reaching the unreached through building trust: a mixed-method study on COVID-19 vaccination in rural Lao PDR. BMJ Glob Health 2024; 9:e014680. [PMID: 38843896 PMCID: PMC11163684 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-014680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The global COVID-19 vaccine rollout has been impacted by socioeconomic disparities and vaccine hesitancy, but few studies examine reasons for changed attitudes. In Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), a nationwide government-led initiative was developed in response to COVID-19, focused on community health ownership and trust in primary healthcare. The intervention team including health and governance sectors conducted capacity-building workshops with local staff and community representatives and visited villages for vaccination outreach. This study investigates the impact of this intervention on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in rural communities. METHODS Conducted in Xiengkhuang province, Lao PDR, from December 2022 to February 2023, the study employed a sequential mixed-methods research design. Data on vaccinated individuals from 25 villages were collected from 11 primary healthcare units; pre-post analysis was applied. Qualitative data, gathered through interviews and focus group discussions with villagers, village authorities, health staff and local government (n=102) in six villages, underwent inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS First-dose vaccine uptake after the intervention increased significantly (6.9 times). Qualitative analysis identified key reasons for vaccination hesitancy: (1) mistrust due to rumours and past experiences; (2) poor communication and inconsistent messaging and (3) challenges in access for priority groups. Influencing factors during the intervention included (1) effective local-context communication; (2) leveraging existing community structures and influential individuals in a multisectoral approach and (3) increased community motivation through improved satisfaction, ownership and relationships. CONCLUSION This study highlights the impact and methods of building trust with unreached populations in health interventions, emphasising locally led solutions. Successful reversal of vaccine hesitancy was achieved by addressing root causes and fostering ownership at community and local government levels through a 'positive approach'. This diverges from conventional supplemental immunisation activities and holds potential for systematically building trust between unreached populations and health systems. Further research could explore the impacts of routine vaccination for sustained improvements in health equity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ketkesone Phrasisombath
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion, Ministry of Health Lao PDR, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Shogo Kubota
- Maternal Child Health and Quality Safety, World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, Philippines
| | - Elizabeth M Elliott
- Maternal Child Health and Quality Safety, World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, Philippines
| | - Sayaka Horiuchi
- Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Phonepaseuth Ounaphom
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion, Ministry of Health Lao PDR, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Laty Phimmachak
- Ministry of Home Affairs Lao PDR, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Ounkham Souksavanh
- World Health Organization Lao PDR, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Pavina Vongsouvanh
- World Health Organization Lao PDR, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | | | - Souliya Channavong
- World Health Organization Lao PDR, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kaewkrajang P, Jatchavala C, Sangsuwan T. Anxiety, Optimism, and COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Students in a University in Southern Thailand during the 2021 Academic Year. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1157. [PMID: 37514973 PMCID: PMC10384836 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and its associated factors, including anxiety and optimism, surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic among Thai university students. An online observational cross-sectional study was conducted between November and December 2021. Descriptive analyses and logistic regression were performed using R. In total, 409 university students participated in the study. Most reported high anxiety levels (69.4%), while more than half also expressed high levels of optimism associated with the COVID-19 pandemic (51.1%). Only 4.4% were unvaccinated, among whom 50% were hesitant to receive vaccination (2.2%). Per statistical analysis, those who perceived the available vaccines as low safety were significantly associated with a higher risk of vaccine hesitancy (p = 0.03). In contrast, those who reported that they would likely to receive the COVID-19 vaccine if recommended to by their doctors or pharmacists were significantly associated with lower vaccine hesitancy (p = 0.048). However, both anxiety and optimism regarding the COVID-19 pandemic were not associated with vaccine hesitancy. Thus, healthcare workers play an important role in COVID-19 vaccination counseling to prevent transmission. Health education during the pandemic should focus on COVID-19 infection as well as COVID-19 vaccines, including their safety and their adverse effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patcharawan Kaewkrajang
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Chonnakarn Jatchavala
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkla 90110, Thailand
| | - Tharntip Sangsuwan
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim JH, Kwok KO, Huang Z, Poon PKM, Hung KKC, Wong SYS, Chan EYY. A longitudinal study of COVID-19 preventive behavior fatigue in Hong Kong: a city with previous pandemic experience. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:618. [PMID: 37004041 PMCID: PMC10064631 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15257-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to high vaccination levels, COVID-19 control requires uptake and continued adherence to personal hygiene and social distancing behaviors. It is unclear whether residents of a city with successive experience in worldwide pandemics such as SARS, would quickly adopt and maintain preventive behaviors. METHODS A population-based, longitudinal telephone survey was conducted between in first local wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (April 2020) and third local wave (December 2020) (n = 403). The study examined factors associated with personal hygiene and social distancing behavior fatigue, as measured by reduced adherence. RESULTS Over 9 months, face mask use increased (96.5-100%, p < 0.001). Although habitual hand hygiene remained unchanged (92.0%), blue collar workers and non-working individuals showed higher risk of hand hygiene fatigue. There was a decline (p < 0.05) in avoidance of social gatherings (81.1 to 70.7%), avoidance of public places (52.9-27.5%) and avoidance of international travel (81.9-77.4%) even with rising caseloads. Lowered perception of COVID-19 disease severity was associated with decreased avoidance of social gatherings and public places while lower education was associated with decline in avoidance of social gatherings. CONCLUSION Even in regions with past pandemic experience, maintaining social distancing behaviors during a protracted pandemic remains a major public health challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean H Kim
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kin On Kwok
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhe Huang
- Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response (CCOUC), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Paul Kwok-Ming Poon
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kevin Kei Ching Hung
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response (CCOUC), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Accident & Emergency Medicine Academic Unit, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Samuel Yeung Shan Wong
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Emily Ying Yang Chan
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response (CCOUC), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- GX Foundation, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
COVID-19 Vaccination Program Data Analysis Based on Regional Status and Day Type: A Study from West Java Province, Indonesia. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11050772. [PMID: 36900777 PMCID: PMC10001228 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11050772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is a strategy to control the COVID-19 pandemic and holds a crucial impact on global health. A better understanding of factors associated with vaccination is needed to establish a good vaccination program in a population. The purpose of this study is to analyze COVID-19 vaccination program data based on regional status and day type in the West Java Province of Indonesia and contribute to discovering other characteristics of the COVID-19 vaccination program. This study is a cross-sectional study using secondary data (N = 7922) from West Java's COVID-19 Information and Coordination Center (PIKOBAR) from January to November 2021. Independent t-test with an alternative non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test (p-value < 0.05) is used as a statistical test in this study. The result reported significant differences in vaccination coverage between the city area and the regency area (p < 0.001). Significant differences in vaccination on working day and holiday were also found in both settings (p < 0.001). Vaccination was confirmed to be higher in the city compared to the regency and decreased on holiday compared to the working day. In conclusion, factors linked to regional status and day type must be considered as important factors for developing and accelerating vaccination programs.
Collapse
|
5
|
Ounsaneha W, Laosee O, Suksaroj TT, Rattanapan C. Preventive Behaviors and Influencing Factors among Thai Residents in Endemic Areas during the Highest Epidemic Peak of the COVID-19 Outbreak. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2525. [PMID: 36767892 PMCID: PMC9915108 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This research aims to investigate COVID-19 preventive behavior and influencing factors among Thai residents during the highest epidemic peak of COVID-19. Nine hundred and forty-six residents in five districts with high COVID-19 infection cases in Thailand were systematically included in this cross-sectional survey. The results showed that 87.2% and 65.2% of the residents had a high level of general knowledge and preventive measures, respectively. As to COVID-19 attitudes, poor levels of attitude among Thai residents were found in risk perception (53.6%) and mistrust issues (70.4%). Moreover, this study presents good preventive behavior (77.0%) among Thai residents. Multiple logistic regression showed that the influence factors of COVID-19 preventive behavior were the young age group (AOR 2.97, 95% CI 1.68-5.25), high income (AOR 1.38, 95% CI 1.03-1.86), and high level of general COVID-19 knowledge (AOR 2.21, 95% CI 1.64-2.96). The conclusion was that providing information on COVID-19 via social media was the key mechanism of policy action for increasing the level of COVID-19 preventive behavior during the highest epidemic peak in Thailand. In addition, the pandemic preparedness and response policy, with resident participation and involvement, could be recommended for the resilience of pandemic preparedness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weerawat Ounsaneha
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Valaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University under the Royal Patronage, Klong Nuang, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 13180, Thailand
| | - Orapin Laosee
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73710, Thailand
| | | | - Cheerawit Rattanapan
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73710, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Combined Impact of Omicron Vaccination and Environmental Risk Exposure: A Thailand Case Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020297. [PMID: 36851174 PMCID: PMC9966401 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to determine the levels of COVID-19 booster dose vaccinations in Thai populations in areas with environmental risk exposure during the Omicron outbreak. Five of twenty provinces in Thailand were selected by assessing environmental risk exposure for study settings. A total of 1038 people were interviewed by a structured questionnaire. The predicting factors of COVID-19 booster dose vaccinations were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis. The results showed that 69.4% (95% CI 66.5-72.1) of the population was vaccinated with COVID-19 booster doses. Multiple logistics regression revealed that the female gender (AOR 1.49, 95% CI 1.11-2.00), all age groups from 38 to 60 years old, all education levels of at least secondary school, high income (AOR 1.16, 95% CI 1.15-2.24), populations having experience with COVID-19 infection (AOR 2.27, 95% CI 2.05-3.76), knowledge of vaccine (AOR 1.78, 95% CI 1.11-2.83), and trusting attitude (AOR 1.76, 95% CI 1.32-2.36) were factors among those more likely to take COVID-19 booster dose vaccinations in high-environmental-risk-exposure areas. Therefore, an effective booster dose campaign with education programs to increase attitudes toward booster vaccinations should be implemented for the resilience of COVID-19 prevention and control.
Collapse
|
7
|
Napalai P, Seangpraw K, Boonyathee S, Ong-Artborirak P. COVID-19-related knowledge influences mental health, self-care behaviors, and quality of life among elderly with non-communicable diseases in Northern Thailand. Front Public Health 2022; 10:993531. [PMID: 36388338 PMCID: PMC9650286 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.993531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A growing body of research shows that individuals with non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and heart disease, are more likely to suffer from severe COVID-19 and, subsequently, death. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of COVID-19-related knowledge on mental health, healthcare behaviors, and quality of life among the elderly with NCDs in Northern Thailand. Methods In this cross-sectional study, the participants were 450 elderly people with NCDs, living in the Chiang Rai province, Northern Thailand. Random sampling was applied to select the subjects. Data collection included demographic information, COVID-19-related knowledge, healthcare behaviors, the Suanprung Stress Test-20, the Thai General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) for the assessment of mental health, and the Thai version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF. Results Almost half of the participants (45.6%) had poor knowledge about COVID-19. More than half of the sample had high stress (52.0%) and a low score in healthcare behaviors (64.9%), while approximately one-third of the participants had mental health problems (34.0%). The overall quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic was moderate (70.7%). The score of COVID-19-related knowledge was significantly correlated with scores of stress (r = -0.85), mental health (r = -0.74), healthcare behaviors (r = 0.50), and quality of life (r = 0.33). Multiple linear regression found that history of COVID-19 detection and COVID-19-related knowledge were associated with scores of stress and quality of life (p < 0.05). Multiple logistic regression showed that history of COVID-19 detection (OR = 4.48, 95% CI = 1.45-13.84) and COVID-19-related knowledge (OR = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.17-0.31) were associated with mental health problem (p < 0.05). Discussion The findings emphasize the importance of COVID-19-related knowledge concerning the improvement of self-care behaviors and quality of life in the elderly population with NCDs during the pandemic, especially due to the high rate of stress and mental health problems documented in our sample. Health education interventions for this vulnerable population should be organized.
Collapse
|
8
|
Nanthamongkolchai S, Taechaboonsermsak P, Tawatting K, Suksatan W. Health-Risk Behaviors, COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors, and the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Working-Age Population of Bangkok, Thailand. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13394. [PMID: 36293970 PMCID: PMC9602976 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although studies have extensively discussed the effects of COVID-19 on global health behaviors, little is known about the extent of COVID-19 preventive behaviors and their negative effects on the working-age population of Bangkok, Thailand. Therefore, this study aimed to examine health-risk behaviors, COVID-19 preventive behaviors, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among the Thai working-age population. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted among working-age adults through a self-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and stepwise multiple regression. Of the 313 Thai participants (227 females, 72.5%), 84.0% had high levels of health-risk behaviors for preventing COVID-19 infection, most respondents (89.1%) had high levels of knowledge about COVID-19, and most respondents (61.7%) had high levels of overall COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Stepwise multiple regression revealed that health-risk behaviors (β = 0.445), knowledge of COVID-19 (β = 0.148), gender (β = 0.145), and age (β = 0.133) were predictive of COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Additionally, most respondents (48.9%) had moderate overall effects from COVID-19. Based on our findings, these factors must be considered when implementing public policies to improve COVID-19 preventive behaviors among the currently employed working-age population. In addition, appropriate interventions must be established and evaluated for the pandemic's long-term effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sutham Nanthamongkolchai
- Department of Family Health, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Kanasap Tawatting
- Department of Family Health, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Wanich Suksatan
- Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pathum S, Viroj W. Suboptimal COVID-19 vaccine uptake among hospitalised patients. Intern Med J 2022; 52:1651. [PMID: 36100560 PMCID: PMC9538195 DOI: 10.1111/imj.15771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
10
|
Seangpraw K, Pothisa T, Boonyathee S, Ong-Artborirak P, Tonchoy P, Kantow S, Auttama N, Choowanthanapakorn M. Using the Health Belief Model to Predict Vaccination Intention Among COVID-19 Unvaccinated People in Thai Communities. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:890503. [PMID: 35721100 PMCID: PMC9204032 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.890503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become one of the biggest challenges to individual health and the public health system worldwide. COVID-19 morbidity and mortality are increasing, impacting almost every country including Thailand. This study used the Health Belief Model (HBM) as a framework to examine the intention of unvaccinated people living in northern Thailand to receive COVID-19 vaccines. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted during October and November 2021. A total of 1,024 participants who are currently living in four northern provinces of Thailand, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lamphun, and Phayao, were recruited to participate in the study. The questionnaire was developed using an HBM structure to obtain information about the perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, self-efficacy, perceived benefits and barriers, cues to action, and preventive behaviors relating to COVID-19 vaccination and the decision to become vaccinated. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the data. Results The unvaccinated participants were an average of 44.45 ± 16.63 years of age and more than half were women (54.5%). The COVID-19 preventive behavior score used perceived severity (B = 0.26), self-efficacy (B = 0.51), perceived benefits and barriers (B = 0.11), and cues to action (B = 0.18) after adjusting for age, underlying disease, and body mass index (R2 = 42.5%). The COVID-19 vaccination decision score was positively correlated with perceived severity (B = 0.13), perceived susceptibility (B = 0.25), perceived benefits and barriers (B = 0.21), and cues to action (B = 0.27) after adjusting for underlying disease (R2 = 38.7%). Discussion The results demonstrated the usefulness of using the HBM structure to understand individual intention to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Communities should consider a COVID-19 health campaign and programs that use the HBM model as a framework for altering perceptions and beliefs about the COVID-19 vaccine and improving vaccination rates among unvaccinated people in rural northern Thailand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Parichat Ong-Artborirak
- Faculty of Public Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Parichat Ong-Artborirak
| | | | - Supakan Kantow
- School of Public Health, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Nisarat Auttama
- School of Public Health, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | | |
Collapse
|