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Williams J, Wingfield H, Chater AM. The Grief Cycle: Investigating the Influence of Cycling on Grief Outcomes in Individuals who have Experienced a Bereavement. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2024:302228241263632. [PMID: 38910111 DOI: 10.1177/00302228241263632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of research that investigates the influence of physical activity on grief outcomes. This research aimed to examine the influence of cycling on grief outcomes in individuals who have experienced a bereavement. METHOD Semi-structured interviews with 14 participants (n = 8 males; age M = 47.5 years) who engaged in cycling behaviour and had experienced a bereavement. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to guide analysis. RESULTS Four key themes were generated, providing: an (1) Embodied experience of cycling, within the 2) Cycling community, helping to provide support, alongside the (3) Nature connectedness, which led to 4) Post traumatic growth, following bereavement. CONCLUSION Evidence suggests that cycling can provide an opportunity for a physical challenge, an immense connection to nature and a community of support from likeminded individuals. These therapeutic qualities of cycling should be considered for future interventions and add novel findings to the area of cycling, bereavement and grief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Williams
- School of Psychology, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, UK
| | | | - Angel Marie Chater
- Centre for Health, Wellbeing and Behaviour Change, Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, UK
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Karidar H, Lundqvist P, Glasdam S. The influence of actors on the content and execution of a bereavement programme: a Bourdieu-inspired ethnographical field study in Sweden. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1395682. [PMID: 38846616 PMCID: PMC11153816 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1395682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The death of a parent can have profound negative impacts on children, and a lack of adequate support can exacerbate negative life experiences. Aim To explore the influences of various actors on the content and execution of a bereavement programme within a Swedish context, considering relational and contextual perspectives. Methods An ethnographic field study involving six children, their parents, and eight volunteers. A theory-inspired thematic analysis was conducted, methodically inspired by Braun and Clarke, theoretically inspired by Bourdieu's concepts of position, power, and capital. Results Confidentiality obligation was an essential element in the programme, however, the premisses varied depending on actors' positions. Volunteers and researchers had different outlets to express their experiences in the program. The programme offered the children an exclusive space for talking about and sharing experiences and feelings. Simultaneously, the programme restricted the children by not allowing them to share their experiences and feelings outside the physical space. The physical settings shaped the different conditions for interactions among the actors. The sessions adopted loss-oriented approaches, where communication between volunteers and children was guided by the volunteers. However, children created strategies for additional, voiceless communication with their peers or themselves. During breaks and mingles, shared interests or spaces connected children (and adults) more than their common experience of parental bereavement. Conclusion The participants in the programme were significantly influenced by the structural framework of the programme, and their positions within the programme provided them with different conditions of possibility for (inter)acting. Children's daily activities and interests were both ways to cope with parental bereavement and connect them to other people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakima Karidar
- Integrative Health Research, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Palliative and Advanced Homecare (ASIH) Lund, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pia Lundqvist
- Integrative Health Research, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stinne Glasdam
- Integrative Health Research, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Blackburn J, Waring G, Turner M, Currell K, Caress AL. Exploring the Impact of Bereavement During the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children and Young People: A Scoping Review. Compr Child Adolesc Nurs 2024; 47:55-67. [PMID: 38127065 DOI: 10.1080/24694193.2023.2292503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Experiencing bereavement as a child or young person (CYP) can have long-lasting effects. The societal and environmental burdens of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic exacerbated the experience of loss and grief for many CYP, who were unable to access their usual the support networks. However, it is still unclear what is currently known and not known about the experiences of CYP bereaved during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. This review used the framework of Arksey and O'Malley and included five stages: (1) identifying the research question; (2) identifying relevant studies; (3) study selection; (4) charting the data; (5) collating, summarizing, and reporting the results. The methodological quality of the included studies was also assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool. The PRISMA framework was used for reporting the results. The electronic databases Medline, PsychINFO, CINAHL, and PubMed were searched for relevant articles. A total of three papers meeting the inclusion criteria were included in this review and two main themes identified: (1) support (which included sub-themes; social isolation and the impact on support; support from family and friends; wider support networks); (2) Emotional impact of bereavement during a pandemic. Access to support networks is crucial for CYP to understand and process their emotions relating to their bereavement experience. The pandemic meant that many usual support networks such as family and friends were inaccessible to CYP, who struggled to deal with their experience of grief during this time. Schools are a valuable support mechanism and can help CYP understand their emotions through open discussions about their bereavement. The limited empirical evidence currently available in this area of research demonstrates an important need to further understanding of the long-term impacts of dealing with pandemic-related loss in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Blackburn
- Institute of Skin Integrity and Infection Prevention, School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Gill Waring
- Department of Nursing, School of Human and Health Sciences, Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Mary Turner
- Department of Nursing, School of Human and Health Sciences, Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Karen Currell
- Department of Nursing, School of Human and Health Sciences, Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Ann-Louise Caress
- Centre for Applied Research in Health, School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
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Aguirre LC, Jaramillo A, Saucedo Victoria T, Botero Carvajal A. Mental health consequences of parental death and its prevalence in children: A systematic literature review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24999. [PMID: 38304821 PMCID: PMC10830864 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The death of a loved one can occur at any stage of life and can have a profound clinical impact on the patient. During childhood and adolescence, smoking has a functional impact on key aspects of family, school, and social life. The negative effects of parental death on children's mental health and its prevalence are unknown. Therefore, this systematic literature review aimed to describe the effects of parental death on children's mental health and its prevalence. The PubMed/Medline, WoS, and Cochrane Trials databases were searched for articles on patients aged 4-18 years. This review examines three articles. Anxiety and depression were identified as the predominant mental health outcomes, with a prevalence ranging from 7.5 % to 44.67 % of the mental health consequences associated with parental death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A.K. Jaramillo
- School of Health, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali, Colombia
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Pitman A, Logeswaran Y, McDonald K, Cerel J, Lewis G, Erlangsen A. Investigating risk of self-harm and suicide on anniversaries after bereavement by suicide and other causes: a Danish population-based self-controlled case series study. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2023; 32:e53. [PMID: 37551142 PMCID: PMC10465319 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796023000653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate mechanisms of suicide risk in people bereaved by suicide, prompted by observations that bereaved people experience higher levels of distress around dates of emotional significance. We hypothesised that suicide-bereaved first-degree relatives and partners experience an increased risk of self-harm and suicide around dates of (i) anniversaries of the death and (ii) the deceased's birthday, compared with intervening periods. METHODS We conducted a self-controlled case series study using national register data on all individuals living in Denmark from 1 January 1980 to 31 December 2016 and who were bereaved by the suicide of a first-degree relative or partner (spouse or cohabitee) during that period, and who had the outcome (any episode of self-harm or suicide) within 5 years and 6 weeks of the bereavement. We compared relative incidence of suicidal behaviour in (i) the first 30 days after bereavement and (ii) in the aggregated exposed periods (6 weeks either side of death anniversaries; 6 weeks either side of the deceased's birthdays) to the reference (aggregated unexposed intervening periods). As an indirect comparison, we repeated these models in people bereaved by other causes. RESULTS We found no evidence of an elevated risk of suicidal behaviour during periods around anniversaries of a death or the deceased's birthdays in people bereaved by suicide (adjusted incidence rate ratio [IRRadj] = 1.00; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.87-1.16) or other causes (IRRadj = 1.04; 95% CI = 1.00-1.08) compared with intervening periods. Rates were elevated in the 30 days immediately after bereavement by other causes (IRRadj: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.77-2.22). CONCLUSIONS Although people bereaved by suicide are at elevated risk of self-harm and suicide, our findings do not suggest that this risk is heightened around emotionally significant anniversaries. Bereavement care should be accessible at all points after a traumatic loss as needs will differ over the grief trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Pitman
- UCL Division of Psychiatry, University College London (UCL), London, UK
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, St Pancras Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Keltie McDonald
- UCL Division of Psychiatry, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Julie Cerel
- College of Social Work, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Gemma Lewis
- UCL Division of Psychiatry, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Annette Erlangsen
- Danish Research Institute for Suicide Prevention, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Hellerup, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Hellerup, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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Breen LJ, Greene D, Rees CS, Black A, Cawthorne M, Egan SJ. A co-designed systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of grief interventions for anxiety and depression in young people. J Affect Disord 2023; 335:289-297. [PMID: 37196936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grief in young people is common and associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression, yet grief interventions for this age group are under-researched. METHOD We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the efficacy of grief interventions in young people. The process was co-designed with young people and adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PsycINFO, Medline, and Web of Science databases were searched in July 2021 (updated December 2022). RESULTS We extracted results from 28 studies of grief interventions with young people (14-24 years) that measured anxiety and/or depression (N = 2803 participants, 60 % girls/women). Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for grief demonstrated a large effect for anxiety and medium effect for depression. Meta-regression indicated that CBT for grief that included a higher degree of CBT strategies, was not trauma focused, had >10 sessions, offered on an individual basis, and did not involve parents, was associated with larger effect sizes for anxiety. Supportive therapy had a moderate effect for anxiety and a small-moderate effect for depression. Writing interventions were not effective for anxiety or depression. LIMITATIONS Studies are limited in number and there were few randomized controlled studies. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that CBT for grief is an effective intervention for reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression in young people experiencing grief. CBT for grief should be offered as the first line treatment for grieving young people experiencing anxiety and depression. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION PROSPERO (registration number CRD42021264856).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J Breen
- enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth 6845, Australia; Discipline of Psychology, Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Australia.
| | - Danyelle Greene
- Discipline of Psychology, Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Australia
| | - Clare S Rees
- Discipline of Psychology, Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Australia
| | - Amy Black
- Discipline of Psychology, Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Australia
| | | | - Sarah J Egan
- enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth 6845, Australia; Discipline of Psychology, Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Australia
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Williams J, Howlett N, Shorter GW, Zakrzewski-Fruer JK, Chater AM. What roles does physical activity play following the death of a parent as a young person? A qualitative investigation. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:210. [PMID: 36721110 PMCID: PMC9887747 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14542-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity benefits physical and mental health. However, limited research investigates if physical activity can improve outcomes from the grieving process following the death of a parent. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 individuals (n = 8 female; age M = 31.2 years), who had experienced the death of a parent when they were aged between 10 and 24 years old, using retrospective recall. Data were analysed inductively using thematic analysis. RESULTS Six themes were identified. Physical activity was seen as; 1) 'Therapeutic'; providing an 2) 'Emotional Outlet' and created a strong sense of 3) 'Social Support'. Alongside it 4) 'Builds Confidence', and led to 5) 'Finding Yourself' and 6) 'Improved Health and wellbeing' (physical and psychological). CONCLUSION Physical activity has the potential to provide positive experiences following a parental bereavement. It can provide a sense of freedom and was seen to alleviate grief outcomes, build resilience, enable social support and create a stronger sense of self. Bereavement support services for young people who have experienced death of a parent should consider physical activity as a viable intervention to support the grieving process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Williams
- grid.15034.330000 0000 9882 7057Centre for Health, Wellbeing and Behaviour Change, Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research (ISPAR), University of Bedfordshire, Polhill Avenue, Bedford, MK41 9EA UK ,grid.15034.330000 0000 9882 7057School of Psychology, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, LU1 3JU UK
| | - Neil Howlett
- grid.5846.f0000 0001 2161 9644Department of Psychology, Sport and Geography, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, AL10 9AB UK
| | - Gillian W. Shorter
- grid.4777.30000 0004 0374 7521Centre for Improving Health Related Quality of Life, Queens University Belfast, School of Psychology, Belfast, BT9 5BN UK ,grid.4777.30000 0004 0374 7521Drug and Alcohol Research Network, Queens University Belfast, School of Psychology, Belfast, BT9 5BN UK
| | - Julia K. Zakrzewski-Fruer
- grid.15034.330000 0000 9882 7057Centre for Health, Wellbeing and Behaviour Change, Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research (ISPAR), University of Bedfordshire, Polhill Avenue, Bedford, MK41 9EA UK
| | - Angel Marie Chater
- Centre for Health, Wellbeing and Behaviour Change, Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research (ISPAR), University of Bedfordshire, Polhill Avenue, Bedford, MK41 9EA, UK. .,Centre for Behaviour Change, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK.
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Rice T. Children Who Lose a Parent in the COVID-19 Era: Considerations on Grief and Mourning. PSYCHOANALYTIC STUDY OF THE CHILD 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00797308.2022.2120336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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