1
|
Delage JP, Côté J, Journault WG, Lemyre A, Bastien CH. The relationships between insomnia, nightmares, and dreams: A systematic review. Sleep Med Rev 2024; 75:101931. [PMID: 38733767 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2024.101931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Insomnia and nightmares are both prevalent and debilitating sleep difficulties. The present systematic review aims to document the relationships between insomnia and nightmares in individuals without a concomitant psychopathology. The relationships between insomnia and dreams are also addressed. PsycINFO and Medline were searched for papers published in English or French from 1970 to March 2023. Sixty-seven articles were included for review. Most results support positive relationships between insomnia variables and nightmare variables in individuals with insomnia, individuals with nightmares, the general population, students, children and older adults, and military personnel and veterans. These positive relationships were also apparent in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Some psychological interventions, such as Imagery Rehearsal Therapy, might be effective in alleviating both nightmares and insomnia symptoms. Regarding the relationships between insomnia and dreams, compared with controls, the dreams of individuals with insomnia are characterized by more negative contents and affects. The results show that insomnia and nightmares are connected and may be mutually aggravating. A model is proposed to explain how insomnia might increase the likelihood of experiencing nightmares, and how nightmares can in turn lead to sleep loss and nonrestorative sleep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia-Pizzamiglio Delage
- École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jeannie Côté
- École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Alexandre Lemyre
- École de Criminologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Célyne H Bastien
- École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada; Research Laboratory on Human Neurophysiology and Sleep, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Figueroa-Quiñones J, Valle-Salvatierra W, Teresa CHN. Facebook addiction and sleep problems in peruvian university students after the COVID-19 pandemic. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24383. [PMID: 38304786 PMCID: PMC10831618 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, studies have reported an increase in sleep problems and problematic use of social media platforms such as Facebook among university students. This study assessed Facebook addiction and sleep problems among Peruvian university students following the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the factors associated with these issues. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 352 participants from different regions of Peru. The Jenkins Sleep Scale (JSS-4) and the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (BFAS) were used to assess sleep problems and Facebook addiction, respectively. Prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated using a simple Poisson regression with robust variance. Results The study found that 16.2 % of the participants were addicted to Facebook and 12.5 % reported sleep problems. The results also showed that older age (PR: 0.99; 95 % CI: 0.98-0.99) and physical activity (PR: 0.81; 95 % CI: 0.70-0.94) were associated with a lower likelihood of having sleep problems, while being physically active (PR: 0.55; 95 % CI: 0.33 to 0.90) was associated with a lower probability of having Facebook addiction problems. Conclusions The Peruvian university students who participated in this study reported sleep problems in one-eighth of the sample, and one in six university students reported Facebook addiction problems. The frequency of presenting Facebook addiction and sleep problems was lower in those with older age and engaging in physical activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Willy Valle-Salvatierra
- Escuela Profesional de Psicología, Universidad Católica Los Ángeles de Chimbote, Chimbote, Peru
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hu B, Yang X, Tuo X. The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder in college students by continents and national income during the COVID-19 pandemic: a meta-analysis. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1129782. [PMID: 37251043 PMCID: PMC10217783 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1129782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The present study aimed to provide a more accurate representation of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in college students during COVID-19 by performing meta-analyses by continents, national income, and study majors, and comparing the results with estimated pooled prevalence. Methods Based on the guideline of PRISMA, literature was searched in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. The prevalence of PTSD was estimated through a random model based on the different continents and levels of national income, as well as study majors, and compared with the pooled prevalence of PTSD among college students. Results Totally 381 articles were retrieved from electronic databases and 38 articles were included in the present meta-analysis. The results showed that the pooled prevalence of college students' PTSD was 25% (95% CI: 21-28%). Prevalence estimates of PTSD among college students were statistically significant (p < 0.00001) when stratified with geographical regions, income levels, and study majors. In comparison with the pooled prevalence of PTSD (25%), subgroups of Africa and Europe, lower-middle-income countries, and medical college students possessed higher prevalence estimates. Discussion The findings of the study showed that the prevalence of PTSD in college students worldwide during COVID-19 was relatively high and varied in different continents and countries with different income levels. Therefore, healthcare providers should pay attention to the psychologically healthy condition of college students during COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biao Hu
- School of Marxism, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiling Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoqian Tuo
- Department of Gynecology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Çimşir E, Akdoğan R. Inferiority feelings and internet addiction among Turkish University students in the context of COVID-19: The mediating role of emotion dysregulation. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37359640 PMCID: PMC10112311 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04661-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Emotion dysregulation is a major predictor of increased internet addiction. However, the psychological experiences linked to increased internet addiction through higher emotion dysregulation are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate if inferiority feelings, an Adlerian construct theorized to be rooted in childhood, are associated with increased Internet addiction through emotion dysregulation. Another objective of the study was to determine if the internet use characteristics of young adults changed during the pandemic. A conceptual model was validated statistically using the PROCESS macro with a survey method involving 443 university students living in different regions of Turkey. The results support the significance of all three effects of inferiority feelings on internet addiction, namely the total (B = 0.30, CI = [0.24, 0.35]), the direct (B = 0.22, BootCI = [0.15, 0.29]), and the indirect (B = 0.08, BootCI = [0.04, 0.12]). In other words, inferiority feelings are associated with a greater level of internet addiction both directly and indirectly through greater emotion dysregulation. Moreover, the overall prevalence of Internet addiction was 45.8% among the participants and that of severe Internet addiction was 22.1%. Almost 90% of the participants reported an increase in their recreational Internet use during the pandemic, with an average daily increase of 2.58 h (SD = 1.49), the significance of which was supported by the t-test results. The results provide important insights for parents, practitioners, and researchers on addressing the internet addiction problem among young adults living in Turkey or other countries that are similar to Turkey.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Çimşir
- Department of Guidance & Counseling, Faculty of Education, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Akdoğan
- Department of Guidance & Counseling, Faculty of Education, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskisehir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Okajima I, Kadotani H. Association of Sleep Reactivity and Anxiety Sensitivity with Insomnia-Related Depression and Anxiety among City Government Employees in Japan. Clocks Sleep 2023; 5:167-176. [PMID: 37092427 PMCID: PMC10123658 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep5020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
It has recently been noted that a reduction in sleep reactivity, characterized as the trait-like degree to which exposure to stress interferes with sleep, and anxiety sensitivity are associated with reduced insomnia severity. This study aimed to examine whether sleep reactivity and anxiety sensitivity are associated with insomnia-related depression and anxiety among city government employees in Japan. This cross-sectional study included 1810 city government employees of Koka City, Japan (mean age (standard deviation): 45.33 (12.20) years) who completely answered the scales for sleep reactivity, anxiety sensitivity, anxiety, and depression. Stepwise multiple regression analysis adjusted for demographic data showed that anxiety sensitivity (β = 0.39) was significantly linked to anxiety, and sleep reactivity (β = 0.36) was significantly linked to depression in individuals with insomnia. Additionally, the results of a logistic regression analysis adjusted for demographic data showed that anxiety sensitivity and sleep reactivity were relevant factors for anxious insomnia (OR = 12.69) and depressive insomnia (OR = 8.73), respectively. Whereas both sleep reactivity (OR = 14.67) and anxiety sensitivity (OR = 6.14) were associated with combined insomnia. These findings indicate that sleep reactivity is strongly associated with depressive symptoms, and anxiety sensitivity is strongly associated with anxiety symptoms in individuals with insomnia.
Collapse
|
6
|
Marzilli E, Cerniglia L, Cimino S, Tambelli R. Internet Addiction among Young Adult University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Peritraumatic Distress, Attachment, and Alexithymia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192315582. [PMID: 36497656 PMCID: PMC9739655 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The literature focused on the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on young adult university students' mental health shows a significant increase in psychopathological symptoms and Internet Addiction (IA). The key role played by attachment and alexithymia has also been suggested, but no study has explored the possible dynamic relationship between these variables. We recruited a sample of n = 410 young adult university students online. We assessed the attachment to parents and peers (through IPPA), alexithymia (through TAS-20), peritraumatic distress symptoms due to COVID-19 (through CPDI), and IA (through IAT). The results showed that the relationship between the attachment to mothers and IA was partially mediated by alexithymia and by the serial mediation of alexithymia and peritraumatic distress, whereas the influence of the attachment to fathers on IA was fully mediated by peritraumatic distress. The direct effects of the attachment to peers on alexithymia, peritraumatic distress, and IA were all significant, as were the indirect paths via the simple mediation of both alexithymia and peritraumatic distress and the multiple serial mediation of alexithymia and peritraumatic distress. Our findings suggested that the relationship between attachment, alexithymia, and psychopathological risk is dynamic in predicting IA during the pandemic among young adult university students and that the different attachment figures exert a peculiar contribution to these processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Marzilli
- Department of Dynamic, Clinical & Health Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Cerniglia
- Faculty of Psychology, International Telematic University Uninettuno, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Cimino
- Department of Dynamic, Clinical & Health Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Renata Tambelli
- Department of Dynamic, Clinical & Health Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pudlo R, Jaworska I, Szczegielniak A, Niedziela J, Kułaczkowska Z, Nowowiejska-Wiewióra A, Jaroszewicz J, Gąsior M. Prevalence of Insomnia in the Early Post-COVID-19 Recovery Period. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14224. [PMID: 36361102 PMCID: PMC9654654 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep is a complex, reversible process that is responsible for the modulation of various physiological mechanisms. COVID-19-related sleep disorders are affecting different populations with a heterogenous prevalence, yet high rates among infected patients are frequently reported. The aim of the study is to assess the prevalence of insomnia in the early post-COVID-19 recovery period and explore the differences in the results acquired by the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) by gender and selected infection severity parameters. METHODS The data presented in the paper come from a prospective, observational study on COVID-19 complications (SILCOV-19) consisting of 200 COVID-19 patients. The AIS was used for the quantitative measurement of insomnia symptoms based on ICD-10 criteria. RESULTS 32% (n = 64) of all patients in the study group obtained results indicating sleep disturbances (>5 points on the scale), while 21.5% (n = 43) obtained results indicating insomnia (>10 points on the scale). The analysis of the results obtained by all patients in the AIS showed a significant correlation with the duration of symptoms (Spearman's rank-order: R = 0.18; p < 0.05), but not with the number of days spent in the hospital or age. Women achieved a higher score in overall AIS, as well as in questions assessing total sleep time, well-being the next day, physical and mental fitness the next day, and sleepiness during the day (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS the prevalence of insomnia in the early post-COVID-19 recovery period is high.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Pudlo
- Department of Psychoprophylaxis, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Izabela Jaworska
- Department of Cardiac, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Szczegielniak
- Department of Psychoprophylaxis, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Jacek Niedziela
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Silesian Center for Heart Disease, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Zofia Kułaczkowska
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Silesian Center for Heart Disease, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | | | - Jerzy Jaroszewicz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Mariusz Gąsior
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Silesian Center for Heart Disease, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sleep Quality and Insomnia Severity among Italian University Students: A Latent Profile Analysis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11144069. [PMID: 35887833 PMCID: PMC9318221 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11144069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Insomnia is a widespread sleep disorder associated with physical and mental health conditions. Although the heterogeneity of insomnia presentations has been acknowledged, research investigating clinically meaningful insomnia subtypes is still ongoing. This study aimed at exploring insomnia subtypes according to widely-used measures of symptoms severity and sleep quality among Italian university students using a latent profile analysis. Data were collected from 490 students reporting relevant insomnia symptoms through an online cross-sectional survey comprising the Insomnia Severity Index, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, and the Short Form-12. Latent profile analysis identified five insomnia subtypes. The severe insomnia (8.8%) group showed the highest insomnia severity, with diverse complaints concerning sleep quality and daytime functioning. Moderate insomnia with sleep duration complaints (8.4%) and moderate insomnia with medication use (15.9%) subgroups were characterized by middle range insomnia severity, with problems of sleep continuity and sleep medication use, respectively. Subthreshold insomnia with sleep latency complaints (20.4%) and subthreshold insomnia (46.5%) groups showed attenuated insomnia symptoms. Higher psychological complaints and worse quality of life were associated with greater sleep complaints. Overall, these findings highlight the relevance of sleep quality domains in identifying insomnia subtypes and might help optimize insomnia treatments.
Collapse
|
9
|
Yoon M, Jung J, Kim M, Lee C, Cho S, Um M. Effect of Black Pepper (Piper nigrum) Extract on Caffeine-Induced Sleep Disruption and Excitation in Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112249. [PMID: 35684048 PMCID: PMC9183155 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is one of the most essential factors required to maintain good health. However, the global prevalence of insomnia is increasing, and caffeine intake is a major trigger. The objective of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of black pepper, Piper nigrum extract (PE), on caffeine-induced sleep disruption and excitation in mice. Caffeine significantly decreased sleep duration in the pentobarbital-induced sleep test. It also resulted in a significant increase in sleep onset and a decrease in non-rapid eye movement sleep. Moreover, in an open-field test, caffeine-treated mice exhibited a significantly increased time in the center zone and total distance traveled. However, the co-administration of caffeine and PE did not result in similar arousal activities. Thus, our results suggest that PE can be used as a potential therapeutic agent to treat sleep problems and excitatory status associated with caffeine intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minseok Yoon
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea; (M.Y.); (J.J.); (M.K.); (C.L.)
| | - Jonghoon Jung
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea; (M.Y.); (J.J.); (M.K.); (C.L.)
| | - Minjung Kim
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea; (M.Y.); (J.J.); (M.K.); (C.L.)
| | - Changho Lee
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea; (M.Y.); (J.J.); (M.K.); (C.L.)
| | - Suengmok Cho
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea;
| | - Minyoung Um
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea; (M.Y.); (J.J.); (M.K.); (C.L.)
- Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-219-9409
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
AlHadi AN, Alhuwaydi AM. Insomnia Prevalence and Associated Factors Among University Students in Saudi Arabia During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdown: A Large-Scale Survey. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:1651-1663. [PMID: 36164410 PMCID: PMC9507980 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s380972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has many psychological and physical effects to which university students are vulnerable. We aimed in this study to assess the prevalence of insomnia among university students in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown and associated factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study using a questionnaire to collect the responses of 5140 students from Saudi universities between April 24 and 30, 2020. Responders completed demographic questions and psychological scales, including the Insomnia Severity Scale (ISI), during the national lockdown period in Saudi Arabia. RESULTS Approximately, 41% of the sample suffered from moderate to severe insomnia. The mean ISI score was recorded as 12.9 (SD 6.62). Insomnia was associated with female sex, younger age, students from new universities, junior students, if a relative suffered from COVID-19, having a chronic medical illness, and having a psychiatric disorder. Insomnia was associated also with suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION Insomnia prevalence was very high among Saudi university students during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. There were sociodemographic and medical factors associated with high insomnia prevalence. Universities need to plan and implement protective and intervention strategies to deal with this important issue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad N AlHadi
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,SABIC Psychological Health Research & Applications Chair (SPHRAC), Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Alhuwaydi
- SABIC Psychological Health Research & Applications Chair (SPHRAC), Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Deng Y, Ye B, Yang Q. COVID-19 Related Emotional Stress and Bedtime Procrastination Among College Students in China: A Moderated Mediation Model. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:1437-1447. [PMID: 36033906 PMCID: PMC9416325 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s371292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although bedtime procrastination is prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic, little is known about the relationship between COVID-19 related emotional stress and bedtime procrastination. Therefore, we investigated the correlation between COVID-19 related emotional stress and bedtime procrastination and examined the mediating role of negative affect and the moderating role of rumination among Chinese college students. METHODS A multicenter, cross-sectional, and quantitative research was conducted in China from August 11, 2021, to August 27, 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The sampling method used in the study is the convenience sampling method. A total of 913 college students (aged 18-24 years) participated and completed online self-reported questionnaires. Their levels of COVID-19 related emotional stress, negative affect, rumination, and bedtime procrastination were measured by the Coronavirus Stress Measure, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, the Ruminative Responses Scale, and the Bedtime Procrastination Scale, respectively. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlations and moderated mediation analysis. RESULTS COVID-19 related emotional stress was positively associated with bedtime procrastination. Meanwhile, the association could be mediated by negative affect (Effect = 0.33, Boot 95% CI = [0.26, 0.39]) and moderated by rumination (Effect = 0.05, Boot 95% CI = [0.03, 0.07]) through its moderation in the link between COVID-19 related emotional stress and negative affect. This indicated that the mediation effect of negative affect was stronger in college students with high levels of rumination than in those with low levels of rumination. CONCLUSION The findings of this study shed light on a correlation between COVID-19 related emotional stress and bedtime procrastination. Moreover, this study suggests that interventions could be targeted at alleviating negative affect and rumination to reduce the bedtime procrastination of college students with high levels of COVID-19 related emotional stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Deng
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Baojuan Ye
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Yang
- School of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|