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Subiza-Pérez M, García-Baquero G, Bereziartua A, Ibarluzea J. Objective and subjective accounts of urban exposures for epidemiological research on mental health. Measurement and analysis. J Epidemiol Community Health 2024; 78:700-704. [PMID: 39084696 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2023-220669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The interest in the impact of urban environmental exposures (UrbEEs) on mental health has greatly increased in the last two decades. Researchers have tended to measure said exposures either via objective measurement procedures (eg, air pollution campaigns and geographic information systems computations) or by self-reported techniques such as the use of scales and questionnaires. It has been suggested that studying both the objective features of the environments and people's perceptions are key to understand environmental determinants of health and might be needed to tailor effective interventions. However, there is little guidance on how to approach this matter, the comparability between objective and subjective accounts of UrbEEs and, more importantly, suitable statistical procedures to deal with the practicalities of this kind of data. In this essay, we aim to build the case for the joint use of both sets of variables in epidemiological studies and propose socioecological models as a valid theoretical framework to accommodate these. In the methodological sphere, we will also review current literature to select examples of (un)appropriate subjective accounts of urban exposures and propose a series of statistical procedures to estimate the total, direct and indirect effects of UrbEEs on mental health and the potential associations between objective and subjective UrbEEs accounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Subiza-Pérez
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology and Research Methods, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford, UK
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Gonzalo García-Baquero
- Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
- Faculty of Biology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Castilla y León, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Bereziartua
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Jesús Ibarluzea
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
- Basque Government Department of Health, San Sebastian, Spain
- Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, San Sebastian, Spain
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2
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Senerth E, Pasumarthi T, Tangri N, Abbi B, Bickett S, McNamee JP, Michaud DS, Morgan RL. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Noise Annoyance as a Determinant of Physiological Changes Linked to Disease Promotion. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:956. [PMID: 39063532 PMCID: PMC11276945 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21070956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
This systematic review investigates the certainty of evidence (CoE) regarding noise annoyance as a determinant of biological changes known to contribute to disease development. We searched PubMed MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, and CINAHL for English-language comparative studies conducted on humans of any age from 1 January 1940, to 28 August 2023. Further, studies that provided quantitative data on the relationship between noise annoyance and biomarkers of interest were included. Where possible, random-effects meta-analyses were used to calculate the odds ratios of noise annoyance on biomarkers and biological conditions considered to be risk factors for developing health effects. The risk of bias of individual studies was assessed using the Risk of Bias of Non-randomized Studies of Exposures (ROBINS-E) instrument. The CoE for each outcome was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. The search identified 23 primary studies reporting on relevant biomarkers. Although some studies and pooled estimates suggest a possible association between noise annoyance and biological measures, the CoE overall is very low due to concerns with the risk of bias, inconsistency, and imprecision in the estimates of effects. In the context of environmental impact assessment, where guidelines aim to mitigate the prevalence of populations experiencing a high level of noise annoyance, our results suggest that such practices should be grounded in the understanding that annoyance is health-relevant because it reflects an undesirable reaction to noise, rather than a precursor to chronic physical health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Senerth
- Evidence Foundation, 17415 Shelburne Road, Cleveland Heights, OH 44118, USA; (E.S.); (T.P.); (N.T.); (S.B.); (R.L.M.)
| | - Tejanth Pasumarthi
- Evidence Foundation, 17415 Shelburne Road, Cleveland Heights, OH 44118, USA; (E.S.); (T.P.); (N.T.); (S.B.); (R.L.M.)
- Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada;
| | - Neha Tangri
- Evidence Foundation, 17415 Shelburne Road, Cleveland Heights, OH 44118, USA; (E.S.); (T.P.); (N.T.); (S.B.); (R.L.M.)
| | - Bhavya Abbi
- Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada;
| | - Skye Bickett
- Evidence Foundation, 17415 Shelburne Road, Cleveland Heights, OH 44118, USA; (E.S.); (T.P.); (N.T.); (S.B.); (R.L.M.)
| | - James P. McNamee
- Health Canada, Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Consumer & Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Ottawa, ON KIA ICA, Canada;
| | - David S. Michaud
- Health Canada, Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Consumer & Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Ottawa, ON KIA ICA, Canada;
| | - Rebecca L. Morgan
- Evidence Foundation, 17415 Shelburne Road, Cleveland Heights, OH 44118, USA; (E.S.); (T.P.); (N.T.); (S.B.); (R.L.M.)
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
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Beller J, Graßhoff J, Safieddine B. Physical working conditions over time: a repeated cross-sectional study in German employees. J Occup Med Toxicol 2024; 19:24. [PMID: 38858744 PMCID: PMC11165766 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-024-00423-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to examine time trends in physical working conditions across and within occupational groups in Germany between 2006 and 2018. METHODS Logistic regression analyses were conducted using data from the BIBB/BAuA Employment Surveys in 2006, 2012, and 2018, with a total sample size of 59,006 participants. The study investigated changes in various self-reported occupational exposure measures over time, along with demographic shifts in the workforce. RESULTS The results showed overall improvements in most occupational exposure measures during the study period, alongside an aging and upskilling workforce. However, exposure to awkward postures, microorganisms, and, to a lesser extent, noise increased. Substantial variation was observed between occupational groups, with more favourable trends among white-collar high-skilled and blue-collar low-skilled workers, and less favourable trends among white-collar low-skilled and blue-collar high-skilled workers. CONCLUSIONS While trends in physical working conditions in Germany are partly promising, some exposures are worsening, and substantial inequalities between occupations persist. As occupational exposures remain common, there is still a need for targeted interventions to improve working conditions, particularly in higher-risk occupations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Beller
- Hannover Medical School, Center for Public Health and Health Care, Medical Sociology Unit, Carl- Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Julia Graßhoff
- Hannover Medical School, Center for Public Health and Health Care, Medical Sociology Unit, Carl- Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Batoul Safieddine
- Hannover Medical School, Center for Public Health and Health Care, Medical Sociology Unit, Carl- Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
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Hoisington AJ, Stearns-Yoder KA, Kovacs EJ, Postolache TT, Brenner LA. Airborne Exposure to Pollutants and Mental Health: A Review with Implications for United States Veterans. Curr Environ Health Rep 2024; 11:168-183. [PMID: 38457036 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-024-00437-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Inhalation of airborne pollutants in the natural and built environment is ubiquitous; yet, exposures are different across a lifespan and unique to individuals. Here, we reviewed the connections between mental health outcomes from airborne pollutant exposures, the biological inflammatory mechanisms, and provide future directions for researchers and policy makers. The current state of knowledge is discussed on associations between mental health outcomes and Clean Air Act criteria pollutants, traffic-related air pollutants, pesticides, heavy metals, jet fuel, and burn pits. RECENT FINDINGS Although associations between airborne pollutants and negative physical health outcomes have been a topic of previous investigations, work highlighting associations between exposures and psychological health is only starting to emerge. Research on criteria pollutants and mental health outcomes has the most robust results to date, followed by traffic-related air pollutants, and then pesticides. In contrast, scarce mental health research has been conducted on exposure to heavy metals, jet fuel, and burn pits. Specific cohorts of individuals, such as United States military members and in-turn, Veterans, often have unique histories of exposures, including service-related exposures to aircraft (e.g. jet fuels) and burn pits. Research focused on Veterans and other individuals with an increased likelihood of exposure and higher vulnerability to negative mental health outcomes is needed. Future research will facilitate knowledge aimed at both prevention and intervention to improve physical and mental health among military personnel, Veterans, and other at-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Hoisington
- Veterans Affairs Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMR VAMC), Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- Department of Systems Engineering and Management, Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH, 45333, USA.
| | - Kelly A Stearns-Yoder
- Veterans Affairs Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMR VAMC), Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Kovacs
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, and Burn Research Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Veterans Affairs Research Service, RMR VAMC, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Teodor T Postolache
- Veterans Affairs Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMR VAMC), Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Mood and Anxiety Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VISN 5 MIRECC, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Lisa A Brenner
- Veterans Affairs Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMR VAMC), Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry & Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
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Huang X, Zheng L, Yang W, Zhou S, Liu T, Ding Y. Effect of Ward-Noise-Reduction Management on the Mental Health and Quality of Life of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Noise Health 2024; 26:174-179. [PMID: 38904819 DOI: 10.4103/nah.nah_40_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the effect of ward-noise-reduction management on the mental health and quality of life of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. METHODS The medical records of 275 patients with inflammatory bowel disease admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from January 2020 to January 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Routine care was performed for such hospitalized patients from January 2020 to July 2021. Thus, 124 patients were enrolled in the control group. From August 2021 to January 2023, our hospital implemented ward-noise-reduction management for such inpatients, and 151 patients were included in the observation group. The Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ), and the noise level at the time of admission and discharge were compared. RESULTS No significant difference in the State Anxiety Scale (S-AI), Trait Anxiety Scale (T-AI), and AIS and IBDQ scores at baseline existed between the two groups (P > 0.05). After nursing, the S-AI, T-AI, and AIS scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group, and the IBDQ score of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The noise level of the observation group was lower than that of the control group during hospitalization in maximum sound level and average intermediate (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The application of ward-noise-reduction management in the nursing of patients with inflammatory bowel disease can improve their negative mood, improve their sleep quality, and quality of life, and reduce the ward noise level in maximum sound level and average intermediate, which has high clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqin Huang
- Ward 122, Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
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Mehrotra A, Shukla SP, Shukla AK, Manar MK, Singh SK, Mehrotra M. A Comprehensive Review of Auditory and Non-Auditory Effects of Noise on Human Health. Noise Health 2024; 26:59-69. [PMID: 38904803 DOI: 10.4103/nah.nah_124_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Excessive noise is unpleasant and induces several physiological and psychological effects. Noise pollution is a potential threat to humans, particularly those continuously exposed for extended periods throughout the day over many years. This review aims to examine the various auditory and non-auditory outcomes associated with prolonged exposure to noise pollution. MATERIALS AND METHODS The review utilized a combination of relevant keywords to search the electronic databases. After screening based on the applied selection criteria for title, abstract, and full text, 44 articles were finally selected for critical review. RESULTS We identified and analyzed research findings related to noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, and sleep disturbances along with non-auditory issues such as annoyance, cognitive impairments, and mental stress associated with cardiovascular disorders. Furthermore, the existing studies were compared and collated to highlight the unique challenges and significance of noise pollution as a distinctive environmental concern and to explore the ongoing efforts in its research and prevention, including the early detection and potential reversal of noise-induced hearing loss. CONCLUSION The fundamental health consequences of noise pollution underscore the need for extensive research encompassing emerging noise sources and technologies to establish a health management system tailored to address noise-related health concerns and reduce noise exposure risk among populations. Finally, further research is warranted to ensure improved measurement of noise exposure and related health outcomes, especially in the context of occupational noise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sheo Prasad Shukla
- Department of Civil Engineering, Rajkiya Engineering College, Banda, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A K Shukla
- Department of Civil Engineering, IET, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manish K Manar
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, KGMU, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S K Singh
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, KGMU, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Du XY, Yang JY. Biomimetic microfluidic chips for toxicity assessment of environmental pollutants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170745. [PMID: 38340832 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Various types of pollutants widely present in environmental media, including synthetic and natural chemicals, physical pollutants such as radioactive substances, ultraviolet rays, and noise, as well as biological organisms, pose a huge threat to public health. Therefore, it is crucial to accurately and effectively explore the human physiological responses and toxicity mechanisms of pollutants to prevent diseases caused by pollutants. The emerging toxicological testing method biomimetic microfluidic chips (BMCs) exhibit great potential in environmental pollutant toxicity assessment due to their superior biomimetic properties. The BMCs are divided into cell-on-chips and organ-on-chips based on the distinctions in bionic simulation levels. Herein, we first summarize the characteristics, emergence and development history, composition and structure, and application fields of BMCs. Then, with a focus on the toxicity mechanisms of pollutants, we review the applications and advances of the BMCs in the toxicity assessment of physical, chemical, and biological pollutants, respectively, highlighting its potential and development prospects in environmental toxicology testing. Finally, the opportunities and challenges for further use of BMCs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yue Du
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jin-Yan Yang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China..
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Luque-García L, Muxika-Legorburu J, Mendia-Berasategui O, Lertxundi A, García-Baquero G, Ibarluzea J. Green and blue space exposure and non-communicable disease related hospitalizations: A systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 245:118059. [PMID: 38157973 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.118059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The global increase in non-communicable diseases (NCDs) presents a critical public health concern. Emerging evidence suggests that exposure to natural environments may reduce the risk of developing NCDs through multiple pathways. The present systematic review aims to synthesize and evaluate the observational evidence regarding associations between exposure to green and blue spaces and hospital admissions related to NCDs. A comprehensive literature search strategy was conducted in Embase (Ovid), PubMed, and Web of Science. The risk of bias and quality of the evidence were assessed using The Navigation Guide methodology, an approach specifically designed for environmental health research. Of 3060 search results, 17 articles were included. Notably, the majority of the studies (n = 14; 82.4%) were published from 2020 onwards. Most studies were conducted in the United States (n = 6; 35.3%) and China (n = 4; 23.5%). Exposure to green spaces was assessed through all studies, while only three included blue spaces. In terms of study design, cohort design was employed in nearly half of the studies (n = 8; 47.1%), followed by case-crossover design (n = 3, 17.6%). Over 75% of the included studies (n = 13) had a high or probably high rating in the risk of bias assessment. The studies encompassed diverse NCD outcome domains; cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) (n = 10), respiratory diseases (RSDs) (n = 2), heat-related diseases (n = 1), metabolic diseases (n = 2), cancer (n = 1), neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) (n = 2), and mental health disorders (n = 2). The present review suggests that a clear link between blue space exposure and NCD hospital admissions is not evident. However, exposure to green spaces appears to predominantly have a protective effect, although the direction of the association varies across different outcome domains. The heterogeneity among the outcome domains together with the limited number of studies, emphasizes the need for more robust evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Luque-García
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, 48940, Spain; Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Paseo Doctor Begiristain S/n, 20014, Donostia- San Sebastián, Spain; Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Goierri Alto-Urola Integrated Health Organisation, Zumarraga Hospital, Zumarraga, 20700, Spain.
| | - J Muxika-Legorburu
- Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Goierri Alto-Urola Integrated Health Organisation, Zumarraga Hospital, Zumarraga, 20700, Spain
| | - O Mendia-Berasategui
- Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Goierri Alto-Urola Integrated Health Organisation, Zumarraga Hospital, Zumarraga, 20700, Spain
| | - A Lertxundi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, 48940, Spain; Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Paseo Doctor Begiristain S/n, 20014, Donostia- San Sebastián, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - G García-Baquero
- Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Paseo Doctor Begiristain S/n, 20014, Donostia- San Sebastián, Spain; Faculty of Biology, University of Salamanca, Avda Licenciado Méndez Nieto S/n, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - J Ibarluzea
- Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Paseo Doctor Begiristain S/n, 20014, Donostia- San Sebastián, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029, Madrid, Spain; Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Sub-Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa, 20013, San Sebastián, Spain; Faculty of Psychology of the University of the Basque Country, 20018, San Sebastian, Spain
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Huang CH, Seto E. Estimates of Population Highly Annoyed from Transportation Noise in the United States: An Unfair Share of the Burden by Race and Ethnicity. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REVIEW 2024; 104:107338. [PMID: 37994374 PMCID: PMC10662932 DOI: 10.1016/j.eiar.2023.107338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Transportation is one of the most pervasive sources of community noise. In this study, we used a spatially-resolved model of transportation-related noise with established transportation noise exposure-response functions to estimate the population highly annoyed (HA) due to aviation, road, and railway traffic sources in the United States. Additionally, we employed the use of the Fair Share Ratio to assess race/ethnicity disparities in traffic noise exposures. Our results estimate that in 2020, 7.8 million (2.4%) individuals were highly annoyed by aviation noise, while 5.2 million (1.6%) and 7.9 million (2.4%) people were highly annoyed by rail and roadway noise, respectively, across the US. The Fair Share Ratio revealed that Non-Hispanic Asian, Black, NHPI, and Other, and Hispanic populations were disproportionally highly annoyed by transportation noise nationwide. Notably, Hispanic populations experienced the greatest share of high annoyance from aviation noise (1.69 times their population share). Non-Hispanic Black populations experienced the greatest share of high annoyance from railway noise (1.48 times their population share). Non-Hispanic Asian populations experienced the greatest share of high annoyance from roadway noise (1.51 times their population share). Analyses at the state and Urban Area levels further highlighted varying disparities in transportation noise exposure and annoyance across different race ethnicity groups, but still suggested that Non-Hispanic White populations were less annoyed by all sources of transportation noise compared to non-White populations. Our findings indicate widespread presence of transportation noise annoyance across the US and emphasize the need for targeted source-specific noise mitigation strategies and policies to minimize the disproportionate impact of transportation noise in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hsuan Huang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington
| | - Edmund Seto
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington
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Yang S, Fu Y, Dong S, Yang B, Li Z, Feng C, Reinhardt JD, Shi W, Jia P, Zeng H, Yu B. Association between perceived noise at work and mental health among employed adults in Southwest China. J Affect Disord 2023; 343:22-30. [PMID: 37739020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perceived noise at work may contribute more to worsening mental health than objectively measured noise. However, evidence regarding this association is scarce. We investigated the associations of perceived noise at work with anxiety and depression and identified vulnerable subpopulations. METHODS Data from 28,661 participants of the Chinese Cohort of Working Adults (CCWA) were analyzed. Logistic or multinomial logistic regression models were used to determine associations between perceived noise at work and the severity of probable anxiety, depression, and their comorbidity. The generalized additive model with restricted cubic splines was applied to estimate the non-linear trend of associations. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 36.55 ± 10.42 years. We observed that a higher level of perceived noise at work was associated with a higher risk of severe anxiety (OR = 1.55. 95%CI: 1.51-1.59) and severe depression (OR = 1.77. 95%CI: 1.72-1.84). More perceived noise at work was further associated with increased odds of comorbid anxiety and depression (OR = 1.28, 95%CI: 1.26-1.30). We observed an approximately J-shaped curve for the association between perceived noise at work with anxiety, depression, and their comorbidity. Participants, who were male, aged <45 years, had high education levels, and worked on trains were characterized by a greater impact of perceived noise at work on mental health problems. CONCLUSION Increased perceived noise at work was associated with an elevated risk of anxiety, depression, and their comorbidity. These associations were moderated by sex, age, education level and occupation. Interventions targeting perceived noise at work may promote employed adults' mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Yang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; International Institute of Spatial Health Epidemiology (ISLE), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yao Fu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shu Dong
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhitao Li
- Social Insurance Administration Department, China Railway Chengdu Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Chuanteng Feng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University-The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jan D Reinhardt
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University-The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Chengdu, China; Jiangsu Province Hospital/Nanjing University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China; Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland; University of Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Wei Shi
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University-The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Jia
- International Institute of Spatial Health Epidemiology (ISLE), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, China
| | - Honglian Zeng
- Department of Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Bin Yu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University-The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Chengdu, China.
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Zeidan RS, McElroy T, Rathor L, Martenson MS, Lin Y, Mankowski RT. Sex differences in frailty among older adults. Exp Gerontol 2023; 184:112333. [PMID: 37993077 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
By definition, aging is a natural, gradual and continuous process. On the other hand, frailty reflects the increase in vulnerability to stressors and shortens the time without disease (health span) while longevity refers to the length of life (lifespan). The average life expectancy has significantly increased during the last few decades. A longer lifespan has been accompanied by an increase in frailty and decreased independence in older adults, with major differences existing between men and women. For example, women tend to live longer than men but also experience higher rates of frailty and disability. Sex differences prevent optimization of lifestyle interventions and therapies to effectively prevent frailty. Sex differences in frailty and aging are rooted in a complex interplay between uncontrollable (genetic, epigenetic, physiological), and controllable factors (psychosocial and lifestyle factors). Thus, understanding the underlying causes of sex differences in frailty and aging is essential for developing personalized interventions to promote healthy aging and improve quality of life in older men and women. In this review, we have discussed the key contributors and knowledge gaps related to sex differences in aging and frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rola S Zeidan
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America; Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - Taylor McElroy
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America; Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - Laxmi Rathor
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - Matthew S Martenson
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - Robert T Mankowski
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
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12
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Yazdanirad S, Khoshakhlagh AH, Al Sulaie S, Drake CL, Wickwire EM. The effects of occupational noise on sleep: A systematic review. Sleep Med Rev 2023; 72:101846. [PMID: 37683554 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Noise exposure in the workplace is one of the most common occupational hazards, which can affect sleep in the human. The effects of occupational noise can be different than that of environmental or social noise. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review on the effects of occupational noise on various characteristics of sleep. In this study, three electronic bibliographic databases (Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science) were systematically searched up to 14 December 2022. The search algorithm included two sets of keywords and possible combinations. The first group was keywords related to occupational noise, and the second group was keywords related to sleep. A total of 2082 articles were identified in the initial search, and 2034 articles were excluded based on exclusion criteria or lacking inclusion criteria. Finally, 48 articles met the inclusion criteria and were selected for final review. Among 13 articles identified as high quality, all studies (100%) showed that noise had a significant effect on sleep among workers in various occupations. Among 17 articles with moderate quality, thirteen studies (76.47%) indicated that noise had a significant effect on sleep among workers in different occupations. Among 18 low-quality articles, fifteen studies (83.33%) showed that noise had a significant effect on sleep. 41 out of 48 studies (85.42%) found that occupational noise can negatively impact sleep among employees in various occupations. There are at least four potential pathways for this effect, including the physiological effect of daytime noise exposure, the psychological effect of daytime noise exposure, the effect of nighttime noise exposure, and the effect of hearing problems due to noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Yazdanirad
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran; School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Amir Hossein Khoshakhlagh
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Saleh Al Sulaie
- Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering in Al-Qunfudah, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Christopher L Drake
- Henry Ford Health System, Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Emerson M Wickwire
- Psychiatry and Medicine, Section Head, Sleep Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, USA.
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13
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Romero Starke K, Schubert M, Kaboth P, Gerlach J, Hegewald J, Reusche M, Friedemann D, Zülke A, Riedel-Heller SG, Zeeb H, Seidler A. Traffic noise annoyance in the LIFE-adult study in Germany: Exposure-response relationships and a comparison to the WHO curves. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 228:115815. [PMID: 37003550 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noise annoyance is the second-highest cause of lost disability-adjusted life-years due to environmental noise in Europe. Evidence on exposure-response relationships (ERRs) for traffic noise annoyance with more accurate exposure values is still needed. OBJECTIVES In an analysis of the population-based LIFE-Adult study in Leipzig, Germany, we aimed to investigate the effect of road, railway (train and tram), and aircraft noise on high annoyance (HA). METHODS Traffic exposure data was taken for 2012 and data on noise annoyance was evaluated between 2018 and 2021. HA was defined according to international standardized norms. We calculated risk estimates using logistic regression, controlling for age, sex, and socioeconomic status, and compared our ERRs with those from the last WHO review on this topic. RESULTS Aircraft noise had the highest relative risk for noise-related HA (OR = 12.7, 95% CI: 9.37-17.10 per 10 dB Lden increase). The road and railway traffic risk estimates were similar to each other (road: OR = 3.55, 95% CI: 2.78-4.54; railway: OR = 3.31, 95% CI: 2.77-3.97 per 10 dB Lden increase). Compared to the WHO curves, the proportion of highly annoyed individuals was somewhat lower for road and rail traffic noise, but higher for aircraft noise. DISCUSSION Aircraft noise is particularly annoying. There were differences between our study's ERRs and those in the WHO review, especially for aircraft noise. These differences may be partly explained by the improved accuracy of the exposure values, as we considered secondary road networks and tram noise, and by a lack of a nighttime flight ban at the Leipzig airport. Geographical, regional and climatic variations, inconsistency in HA cut-offs, as well as temporal developments in the annoyance experience may also explain the differences. Since ERRs serve as a basis for decision making in public policies, regular updates of the curves based on new evidence is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Romero Starke
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Melanie Schubert
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Pauline Kaboth
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julia Gerlach
- Chair of Transport Ecology, Institute of Transport Planning and Road Traffic, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Janice Hegewald
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Unit 3.1 Prevention of Work-related Diseases, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Reusche
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Zülke
- Institute for Social Medicine, Occupational Medicine and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffi G Riedel-Heller
- Institute for Social Medicine, Occupational Medicine and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hajo Zeeb
- Department of Prevention and Evaluation, Leibnitz-Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany; Health Sciences Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Andreas Seidler
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Veber T, Pyko A, Carlsen HK, Holm M, Gislason T, Janson C, Johannessen A, Sommar JN, Modig L, Lindberg E, Schlünssen V, Toompere K, Orru H. Traffic noise in the bedroom in association with markers of obesity: a cross-sectional study and mediation analysis of the respiratory health in Northern Europe cohort. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1246. [PMID: 37370100 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16128-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research suggests an association between road traffic noise and obesity, but current evidence is inconclusive. The aim of this study was to assess the association between nocturnal noise exposure and markers of obesity and to assess whether sleep disturbance might be a mediator in this association. METHODS We applied data from the Respiratory Health in Northern Europe (RHINE) cohort. We used self-measured waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) as outcome values. Noise exposure was assessed as perceived traffic noise in the bedroom and/or the bedroom window's location towards the street. We applied adjusted linear, and logistic regression models, evaluated effect modifications and conducted mediation analysis. RESULTS Based on fully adjusted models we found that women, who reported very high traffic noise levels in bedroom, had 1.30 (95% CI 0.24-2.37) kg/m2 higher BMI and 3.30 (95% CI 0.39-6.20) cm higher WC compared to women, who reported no traffic noise in the bedroom. Women who reported higher exposure to road traffic noise had statistically significant higher odds of being overweight and have abdominal obesity with OR varying from 1.15 to 1.26 compared to women, who reported no traffic noise in the bedroom. For men, the associations were rather opposite, although mostly statistically insignificant. Furthermore, men, who reported much or very much traffic noise in the bedroom, had a statistically significantly lower risk of abdominal obesity. Sleep disturbance fully or partially mediated the association between noise in bedroom and obesity markers among women. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that self-reported traffic noise in the bedroom may be associated to being overweight or obese trough sleep disturbance among women, but associations were inconclusive among men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triin Veber
- Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andrei Pyko
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanne Krage Carlsen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mathias Holm
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Christer Janson
- Department of Medical Sciences: Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ane Johannessen
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Johan Nilsson Sommar
- Section of Sustainable Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Modig
- Section of Sustainable Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Eva Lindberg
- Department of Medical Sciences: Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Research Unit for Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karolin Toompere
- Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hans Orru
- Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
- Section of Sustainable Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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15
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Kirkegaard AM, Kloster S, Davidsen M, Christensen AI, Vestbo J, Nielsen NS, Ersbøll AK, Gunnarsen L. The Association between Perceived Annoyances in the Indoor Home Environment and Respiratory Infections: A Danish Cohort Study with up to 19 Years of Follow-Up. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1911. [PMID: 36767277 PMCID: PMC9915003 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of reported annoyances in the indoor environment threatens public health. This study aimed to investigate the association between perceived annoyances from the home environment and respiratory infections among individuals with and without asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A total of 16,688 individuals from the Danish Health and Morbidity Survey initiated in 2000 were grouped according to their patterns of perceived annoyances. Information on respiratory infections (all causes, bacterial, viral, and those leading to hospital admissions) was obtained from Danish registers up to 19 years after the survey. Poisson regression of incidence rates (IRs) was applied to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs). Annoyances significantly increased the IR for respiratory infections of all causes and bacterial respiratory infections in individuals without asthma or COPD, adjusted IRR 1.16 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.34) and 1.15 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.31), respectively. However, no difference was observed for viral respiratory infections nor hospital admissions. Individuals with asthma or COPD and a high level of annoyances had a non-significantly increased IR in all four analyses of respiratory infections. These findings provide support for perceived annoyances as an important risk factor for respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie Kirkegaard
- Department of the Built Environment, Aalborg University, A.C. Meyers Vaenge 15, 2450 Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestraede 6, 1455 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine Kloster
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestraede 6, 1455 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Davidsen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestraede 6, 1455 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Illemann Christensen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestraede 6, 1455 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Vestbo
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9 PL, UK
| | - Niss Skov Nielsen
- Department of the Built Environment, Aalborg University, A.C. Meyers Vaenge 15, 2450 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annette Kjær Ersbøll
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestraede 6, 1455 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Gunnarsen
- Department of the Built Environment, Aalborg University, A.C. Meyers Vaenge 15, 2450 Copenhagen, Denmark
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16
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Hyperacusis: Loudness Intolerance, Fear, Annoyance and Pain. Hear Res 2022; 426:108648. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2022.108648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Relation between Noise Pollution and Life Satisfaction Based on the 2019 Chinese Social Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127015. [PMID: 35742262 PMCID: PMC9222309 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Noise pollution is a leading cause of decreasing well-being of residents in both developed and developing countries. Improving residents’ well-being measured by life satisfaction is a key goal of government policy. Individuals with high life satisfaction usually have positive emotions, life orientation, and codes of conduct, which are positive and beneficial for individuals, families, and society as a whole. In order to supplement relevant research and provide policy suggestions for individuals, government, and societies, this study explores the relationship between noise pollution and the life satisfaction of Chinese residents. Based on data from 4869 observations from the Chinese Social Survey in 2019, the effect of noise pollution on life satisfaction is estimated by using ordinary least squares and propensity score matching methods. The results show that noise pollution has a significant negative effect on Chinese life satisfaction. Moreover, the effect is heterogeneous depending on individuals’ education levels and ages. Finally, residents’ living environment satisfaction is shown to be the potential mechanism by which noise pollution affects life satisfaction.
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