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Leitão L, Campos Y, Louro H, Figueira ACC, Figueiredo T, Pereira A, Conceição A, Marinho DA, Neiva HP. Detraining and Retraining Effects from a Multicomponent Training Program on the Functional Capacity and Health Profile of Physically Active Prehypertensive Older Women. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:271. [PMID: 38275551 PMCID: PMC10815818 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12020271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resuming a physical exercise program after a period of cessation is common in older women. Monitoring the responses during this detraining (DT) and retraining (RT) may allow us to analyze how the body reacts to an increase and a reduction in physical inactivity. Therefore, we conducted a follow-up training, DT, and RT in prehypertensive older women to analyze the response to these periods. METHODS Twenty-three prehypertensive older women (EG; 68.3 ± 2.8 years; 1.61 ± 0.44 m) performed 36 weeks of the multicomponent training program (MTP) followed by twelve weeks of DT plus eight weeks of RT. Fifteen prehypertensive older women (CG; 66.3 ± 3.2 years; 1.59 ± 0.37 m) maintained their normal routine. Functional capacity (FC), lipid, and hemodynamic profile were assessed before, during 24 and 36 weeks of the MTP, after 4 and 12 weeks of DT, and after 8 weeks of RT. RESULTS After 24 weeks of the MTP, only SBP did not improve. Four weeks of DT did not affect lower body strength (30-CS), TC, or GL. Eight weeks of RT improved BP (SBP: -2.52%; ES: 0.36; p < 0.00; DBP: -1.45%; ES: 0.44; p < 0.02), handgrip strength (3.77%; ES: 0.51; p < 0.00), and 30-CS (3.17%; ES: 0.38; p < 0.04) compared with 36 weeks of the MTP. CONCLUSIONS Eight weeks of RT allowed patients to recover the benefits lost with detraining, which after only four weeks affected them negatively, and the systematic practice of exercise contributed to greater regulation of BP since 24 weeks of the MTP proved not to be enough to promote positive effects of SBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Leitão
- Sciences and Technology Department, Superior School of Education of Polytechnic Institute of Setubal, 2910-761 Setúbal, Portugal; (A.C.C.F.); (T.F.); (A.P.)
- Life Quality Research Centre, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (D.A.M.); (H.P.N.)
| | - Yuri Campos
- Post Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil;
- Study Group and Research in Neuromuscular Responses, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Hugo Louro
- Department of Sport Sciences, Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, 2040-413 Santarém, Portugal; (H.L.); (A.C.)
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Corrêa Figueira
- Sciences and Technology Department, Superior School of Education of Polytechnic Institute of Setubal, 2910-761 Setúbal, Portugal; (A.C.C.F.); (T.F.); (A.P.)
- Life Quality Research Centre, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Teresa Figueiredo
- Sciences and Technology Department, Superior School of Education of Polytechnic Institute of Setubal, 2910-761 Setúbal, Portugal; (A.C.C.F.); (T.F.); (A.P.)
- Life Quality Research Centre, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Ana Pereira
- Sciences and Technology Department, Superior School of Education of Polytechnic Institute of Setubal, 2910-761 Setúbal, Portugal; (A.C.C.F.); (T.F.); (A.P.)
- Life Quality Research Centre, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Ana Conceição
- Department of Sport Sciences, Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, 2040-413 Santarém, Portugal; (H.L.); (A.C.)
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Daniel A. Marinho
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (D.A.M.); (H.P.N.)
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Henrique P. Neiva
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (D.A.M.); (H.P.N.)
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
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Xiao W, Wang B, Bai X, Tang S, Zhang Y. Taoist way of a balanced exercise training cocktail for the management of primary hypertension in older persons. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1308375. [PMID: 38155893 PMCID: PMC10754045 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1308375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
High blood pressure is the world's leading risk factor for mortality, affecting nearly half of the global population aged 50-79 years. Physical inactivity is one factor contributing to the prevalence of hypertension. This paper discusses a new concept for the management of hypertension in older persons. We are inclined to fade the current guidelines used in China, the United States, and Europe. Although demonstrating irrefutable benefits for blood pressure regulation, the guidelines fail to address the need to incorporate balance exercises, which are crucial for mitigating the risk of falling. We address three pressing questions regarding the efficacy of various combinations of exercise modes for blood pressure regulation, alongside providing an overview of balance exercises. At the core of our concept, we explicate the challenges inherent in addressing the global pandemic of physical inactivity and hypertension in regular socioeconomic people. No guidelines could change the state of inactivity by jumping between zero and all things, where "zero" symbolizes conditions such as physical inactivity and hypertension, and the concept of "all things" encompasses the ideals of an active lifestyle and healthy aging. We advocate a Taoist way, "zero-one-all things," where "one" in this context refers to an inclusive and culturally diverse exercise training cocktail. The Tao guides us to illuminate an ancient way of overcoming physical inactivity-associated diseases in the present day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Xiao
- School of Physical Education, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Bihan Wang
- College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaorong Bai
- School of Physical Education, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Shouyong Tang
- Institute of Sports and Health Industry, HEHA CAT Fitness, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Independent Person, Windermere, FL, United States
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Ferreira R, Fernandes N, Bico C, Bonito A, Moura C, Sousa L, Baixinho CL, Fonseca C. The Perspective of Rehabilitation Nurses on Physical Exercise in the Rehabilitation of Older People in the Community: A Qualitative Study. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2023; 8:163. [PMID: 38132718 PMCID: PMC10743497 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk8040163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In the face of an increasingly aging population, nurses have to design and implement programs aimed at the elderly in order to keep them healthy and maintain their quality of life. Structured physical exercise and overall physical activity play a major role in maintaining an active lifestyle, improving health, preventing disease, and helping to maintain older people's quality of life. To investigate the importance of implementing physical exercise programs for the older person in the community, taking into account the perspective of the rehabilitation nurse specialist, this is a qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive study with nine rehabilitation nurses from various regions of Portugal who have experience of implementing physical exercise programs with the elderly. This study used semi-structured interviews, one of the most common data collection procedures in social and health research. Content analysis was used to analyze the data. The study received a positive opinion from the Ethics Committee. The participants' perspectives focused on the following subjects: "Physical exercise program for the elderly in the community", "Importance of physical exercise in the rehabilitation of the elderly in the community", "People's adherence to the programs", "Gains in health resulting from the implementation of these strategies" and "Gains from group activities". A set of indicators emerged from the analysis. Nurses recognize the importance of using structured physical exercise programs adjusted to the rehabilitation of the older person, with gains in promoting active and healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogério Ferreira
- Polytechnic Institute of Beja, School of Health, 7800-111 Beja, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre, 7000-811 Évora, Portugal
| | - Nuno Fernandes
- Unidade Local de Saúde do Norte Alentejano (ULSNA), Portalegre Hospital, 7300-853 Portalegre, Portugal; (N.F.); (C.B.); (A.B.); (L.S.); (C.F.)
| | - Carina Bico
- Unidade Local de Saúde do Norte Alentejano (ULSNA), Portalegre Hospital, 7300-853 Portalegre, Portugal; (N.F.); (C.B.); (A.B.); (L.S.); (C.F.)
| | - Ana Bonito
- Unidade Local de Saúde do Norte Alentejano (ULSNA), Portalegre Hospital, 7300-853 Portalegre, Portugal; (N.F.); (C.B.); (A.B.); (L.S.); (C.F.)
| | - Cláudia Moura
- Setúbal Hospital Center, S. Bernardo Hospital, 2900-182 Setubal, Portugal;
| | - Luís Sousa
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre, 7000-811 Évora, Portugal
- School of Health, Atlantic University, 2730-036 Barcarena, Portugal
| | - Cristina Lavareda Baixinho
- Lisbon School of Nursing, 1900-160 Lisbon, Portugal
- Nursing Research, Innovation and Development Centre of Lisbon (CIDNUR), 1900-160 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - César Fonseca
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre, 7000-811 Évora, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Enfermagem S. João de Deus, Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
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Teixeira J, Krustrup P, Castagna C, Mohr M, Ascensão A, Pereira R, Carneiro I, Coelho E, Martins S, Guimarães JT, Oliveira R, Póvoas S. Recreational futsal provides broad-spectrum fitness and health benefits but no blood pressure effects in men with treated hypertension - a randomised controlled trial. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:1824-1836. [PMID: 38204141 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2300568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
We determined the coadjuvant effect of a recreational futsal (RF) programme versus standard care alone (CON) in men with treated arterial hypertension (TAHT). Thirty-nine men with TAHT were randomised to RF (N = 20; 48 ± 8 years; systolic blood pressure [SBP]: 122 ± 14 mmHg) with 2-3 one-hour sessions/week for 3 months, or to CON (N = 19; 51 ± 6 years; SBP: 126 ± 13 mmHg). Participants were assessed at baseline, at 3 months, and after 1 month of training cessation (4 months). Mean training attendance was 60 ± 23%. At 3-months, there were no between-group differences in BP parameters (SBP: 0.44 mmHg; 95% CI: -5.79, 6.67). However, compared to CON, RF was effective for peak oxygen uptake (2.76 mL.min-1.kg-1; 95% CI: 0.26, 5.26), time to exhaustion (1.15 min; 95% CI: 0.59, 1.69), Yo-Yo IE1 performance (365 m; 95% CI: 175, 556), resting heart rate (RHR; -5 b.min-1; 95% CI: -10, -1), glycated haemoglobin (-0.52 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.84, -0.19), blood glucose (-0.25 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.44, -0.06), left femur bone mineral content (1.96 g; 95% CI: 0.29, 3.65), and postural balance (-2.3 falls; 95% CI: -3.9, -0.6). Similar findings were observed after 1-month of training cessation, except for RHR and blood glucose that returned to baseline levels in the RF group. In conclusion, RF provides broad-spectrum fitness and health benefits but no BP effects in men with TAHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Teixeira
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Maia, Maia, Portugal
| | - Peter Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environment Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Carlo Castagna
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Exercise and Health Sciences, Carlo Bo Urbino University, Urbino, Italy
| | - Magni Mohr
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Centre of Health Science, Faculty of Health, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - António Ascensão
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Pereira
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise, Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- University of Maia, Maia, Portugal
| | - Ivone Carneiro
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Maia, Maia, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Coelho
- Porto Sports Medicine Center (IPDJ, IP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Martins
- Department of Clinical Pathology, São João University Hospital Centre and EPI Unit-ISPUP, Public Health Institute, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - João Tiago Guimarães
- Department of Clinical Pathology, São João University Hospital Centre and EPI Unit-ISPUP, Public Health Institute, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Susana Póvoas
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Maia, Maia, Portugal
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Tumosa N. Using the Age-Friendly Health Systems Framework to Track Wellness and Health Promotion Priorities of Older Adults in the Global Community. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4617. [PMID: 36901627 PMCID: PMC10001799 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The promotion of health and wellness interventions for older adults is important in controlling the onset and progression of disabilities as well as disease in these individuals [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Tumosa
- Senior Public Health Advisor-Geriatrics, Division of Medicine and Dentistry, Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Rockville, MD 20857, USA
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Delgado-Floody P, Chirosa-Ríos L, Guzmán-Guzmán IP, Vargas CA, Sandoval-Aguilera K, Caamaño-Navarrete F, Guede-Rojas F, Alvarez C. The Social Distance Impacts from COVID-19 Pandemic on the Development of Two Orders of a Concurrent Training Programme for Morbidly Obese Patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13408. [PMID: 36293985 PMCID: PMC9603355 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there is relevant information regarding the consequences of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), little is known about the impact of the imposed social confinement (at home) on the development of exercise training programmes in populations with morbid obesity. AIM To describe the effects of the imposed COVID-19 confinement on the cardiometabolic health benefits acquired through a concurrent training programme that started before the pandemic in populations with morbid obesity. METHODS This was an experimental randomized clinical study, in which sedentary morbidly obese women were assigned 1:1 to a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) plus resistance training (RT) group (HIIT + RT; n = 11; BMI 42.1 ± 6.6) or to the same exercise dose, but in different order group of RT plus HIIT group (RT + HIIT; n = 7; BMI 47.5 ± 8.4). Both groups undertook two sessions/week. When COVID-19 confinement at home started, a post-test was applied in January 2020 (Post1) and after 20 months (Post2). The main outcomes were waist circumference (WC), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), high-density lipids (HDL-c), triglycerides (Tg), and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). RESULTS In the HIIT + RT group, the WC showed significant increases from Post1 to Post2 (Δ + 3.1 cm, p = 0.035); in the RT + HIIT group, it decreased from Post1 to Post2 (Δ - 4.8 cm, p = 0.028). In the HIIT + RT group, SBP showed significant increases from Post1 to Post2 (Δ + 6.2 mmHg, p = 0.041); the RT + HIIT group decreased SBP from Pre0 to Post1 (Δ - 7.2 mmHg, p = 0.026) and increased DBP from Pre0 to Post1 (Δ + 8.1 mmHg, p = 0.015). Tg in the HIIT + RT group decreased from Pre0 to Post1 (Δ - 40.1 mg/dL, p = 0.023) but increased from Post1 to Post2 (Δ + 86.3 mg/dL, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 social confinement worsened metabolic syndrome (MetS) outcomes that had improved from 20 weeks' RT + HIIT during the training period, such as WC, SBP, and Tg from HIIT + RT, when, worryingly, SBP increased to another more serious clinical classification in both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Delgado-Floody
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Department Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
- Strength & Conditioning Laboratory, CTS-642 Research Group, Department Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
| | - Luis Chirosa-Ríos
- Department Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
- Strength & Conditioning Laboratory, CTS-642 Research Group, Department Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
| | - Iris Paola Guzmán-Guzmán
- Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39087, Mexico
| | - Claudia Andrea Vargas
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Karina Sandoval-Aguilera
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | | | - Francisco Guede-Rojas
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago de Chile 7591538, Chile
| | - Cristian Alvarez
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago de Chile 7591538, Chile
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Leitão L, Venturini GRO, Junior RP, Monteiro ER, Telles LG, Araújo G, Novaes J, Tavares C, Marques-Neto S, Mazini M. Impact of Different Resistance Training Protocols on Balance, Quality of Life and Physical Activity Level of Older Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11765. [PMID: 36142038 PMCID: PMC9517151 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) and physical fitness are key factors for quality of life (QoL) for older women. The aging process promotes the decrease in some capacities such as strength, which affect the activities of daily life. This loss of strength leads to a reduction in balance and an increased risk of falls as well as a sedentary lifestyle. Resistance Training (RT) is an effective method to improve balance and strength but different RT protocols can promote different responses. Power training has a higher impact on the performance of activities of daily life. Therefore, our study aimed to analyze if different RT protocols promote individual responses in balance, QoL and PA levels of older women and which are more effective for the older women. METHODS Ninety-four older women were divided into four RT groups (relative strength endurance training, SET; Traditional strength training, TRT; absolute strength training, AST; power training, PWT) and one control group (CG). Each RT group performed a specific protocol for 16 weeks. At baseline and after 8 and 16 weeks, we assessed balance through the Berg balance scale; PA levels with a modified Baecke questionnaire and QoL with World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) and World Health Organization Quality of Life-OLD module (WHOQOL-OLD). RESULTS Balance improved after 16 weeks (baseline vs. 16 weeks; p < 0.05) without differences between all RT groups. PWT (2.82%) and TRT (3.48%) improved balance in the first 8 weeks (baseline vs. 8 weeks; p < 0.05). PA levels increased in PWT, TRT and AST after 16 weeks (baseline vs. 16 weeks; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION All RT protocols improved PA levels and QoL after 16 weeks of training. For the improvement of balance, QoL and PA, older women can be subjected to PWT, AST and SET, and not be restricted to TRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Leitão
- Sciences and Technology Department, Superior School of Education, Polytechnic Institute of Setubal, 2910-761 Setúbal, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), 2400-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Gabriela R. O. Venturini
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil
- Federal Center of Technological Education of Minas Gerais, Leopoldina 36700-000, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Pace Junior
- Graduate Program of Physical Education of Fasar, Santa Rita Faculty, Conselheiro Lafaiete 36400-000, Brazil
| | - Estêvão Rios Monteiro
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
- Undergraduate Program in Physical Education, Augusto Motta University Center, Rio de Janeiro 21041-020, Brazil
- Undergraduate Program in Physical Education, IBMR University Center, Rio de Janeiro 22631-002, Brazil
| | - Luiz Guilherme Telles
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Gleisson Araújo
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Novaes
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Carlos Tavares
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Sudamerica Faculty, Cataguases 36774-552, Brazil
| | - Sílvio Marques-Neto
- Physical Activity Sciences Graduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University (UNIVERSO), Rio de Janeiro 24030-060, Brazil
- Physical Education Graduate School, Estácio de Sá University (UNESA), Rio de Janeiro 20771-004, Brazil
| | - Mauro Mazini
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Sudamerica Faculty, Cataguases 36774-552, Brazil
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