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Reynolds L, Dewey C, Asfour G, Little M. Vaccine efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 for Pfizer BioNTech, Moderna, and AstraZeneca vaccines: a systematic review. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1229716. [PMID: 37942238 PMCID: PMC10628441 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1229716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review was to report on the vaccine efficacy (VE) of three SARS-CoV-2 vaccines approved by Health Canada: Pfizer BioNTech, Moderna, and AstraZeneca. Four databases were searched for primary publications on population-level VE. Ninety-two publications matched the inclusion criteria, and the extracted data were separated by vaccine type: mRNA vaccines (Pfizer and Moderna) and the AstraZeneca vaccine. The median VE for PCR-positive patients and various levels of clinical disease was determined for the first and second doses of both vaccine types against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants. The median VE for PCR-positive infections against unidentified variants from an mRNA vaccine was 64.5 and 89%, respectively, after one or two doses. The median VE for PCR-positive infections against unidentified variants from the AstraZeneca vaccine was 53.4 and 69.6%, respectively, after one or two doses. The median VE for two doses of mRNA for asymptomatic, symptomatic, and severe infection against unidentified variants was 85.5, 93.2, and 92.2%, respectively. The median VE for two doses of AstraZeneca for asymptomatic, symptomatic, and severe infection against unidentified variants was 69.7, 71, and 90.2%, respectively. Vaccine efficacy numerically increased from the first to the second dose, increased from the first 2 weeks to the second 2 weeks post-vaccination for both doses, but decreased after 4 months from the second dose. Vaccine efficacy did not differ by person's age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Reynolds
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Cate Dewey
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Ghaid Asfour
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew Little
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- School of Public Health and Social Policy, Faculty of Human and Social Development, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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Mallah N, Pardo-Seco J, Ares-Gómez S, López-Pérez LR, González-Pérez JM, Rosón B, Otero-Barrós MT, Durán-Parrondo C, Nartallo-Penas V, Mirás-Carballal S, Rodríguez-Tenreiro-Sánchez C, Rivero-Calle I, Gómez-Carballa A, Salas A, Martinón-Torres F. COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness in children by age groups. A population-based study in Galicia, Spain. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2023; 34:e14037. [PMID: 37877845 DOI: 10.1111/pai.14037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on vaccine effectiveness (VE) against COVID-19 in the pediatric population are outgoing. We aimed to quantify VE against SARS-CoV-2 in two pediatric age groups, 5-11 and 12-17-year-old, while considering vaccine type, SARS-CoV-2 variant, and duration of protection. METHODS A population-based test-negative control study was undertaken in Galicia, Spain. Children 5-11-year-old received the Comirnaty® (Pfizer, US) vaccine, while those aged 12-17-year-old received the Comirnaty® (Pfizer, US) or SpikeVax® (ModernaTX, Inc) vaccine. Participants were categorized into unvaccinated (0 doses or one dose with <14 days since vaccination), partially vaccinated (only one dose with ≥14 days, or two doses with <14 days after the second dose administration), and fully vaccinated (two doses with ≥14 days after the second injection). Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using multiple logistic regression models. VE was calculated as (1-OR) * 100. Stratified and sensitivity analyses were performed. RESULTS In the fully vaccinated 5-11-year-old children, VE against the Omicron variant was 44.1% (95% CI: 38.2%-49.4%). In the fully vaccinated 12-17-year-old individuals, VE was 83.4% (95% CI: 81.2%-85.3%) against Delta and 74.8% (95% CI: 58.5%-84.9%) against Omicron. Comirnaty® and SpikeVax® vaccines showed a similar magnitude of VE against Delta [Comirnaty® VE: 81.9% (95% CI: 79.3%-84.1%) and SpikeVax® VE: 85.3% (95% CI: 81.9%-88.1%)]. Comirnaty® (Pfizer, US; VE: 79.7%; 95% CI: 50.7%-92.4%) showed a slightly higher magnitude of protection against Omicron than SpikeVax® (ModernaTX, Inc), yet with an overlapping CI (VE: 74.3%; 95% CI: 56.6%-84.9%). VE was maintained in all age subgroups in both pediatric populations, but it declined over time. CONCLUSIONS In Galicia, mRNA VE was moderate against SARS-CoV-2 infections in the 5-11-year-old populations, but high in older children. VE declined over time, suggesting a potential need for booster dose schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narmeen Mallah
- Genetics, Vaccines and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Safety, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Jacobo Pardo-Seco
- Genetics, Vaccines and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Safety, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Ares-Gómez
- Genetics, Vaccines and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Safety, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis-Ricardo López-Pérez
- Subdirección de Sistemas y Tecnologías de la Información, Servizo Galego de Saude, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Juan-Manuel González-Pérez
- Subdirección de Sistemas y Tecnologías de la Información, Servizo Galego de Saude, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Benigno Rosón
- Subdirección de Sistemas y Tecnologías de la Información, Servizo Galego de Saude, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - María-Teresa Otero-Barrós
- Dirección Xeral de Saude Pública, Consellería de Sanidade, Xunta de Galicia, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Carmen Durán-Parrondo
- Dirección Xeral de Saude Pública, Consellería de Sanidade, Xunta de Galicia, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Victoria Nartallo-Penas
- Dirección Xeral de Saude Pública, Consellería de Sanidade, Xunta de Galicia, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Susana Mirás-Carballal
- Dirección Xeral de Saude Pública, Consellería de Sanidade, Xunta de Galicia, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Carmen Rodríguez-Tenreiro-Sánchez
- Genetics, Vaccines and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Safety, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Rivero-Calle
- Genetics, Vaccines and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Safety, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clínico Universitario and University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Alberto Gómez-Carballa
- Genetics, Vaccines and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Safety, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Salas
- Genetics, Vaccines and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Safety, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unidade de Xenética, Facultade de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- GenPoB Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Servizo Galego de Saúde, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Federico Martinón-Torres
- Genetics, Vaccines and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Safety, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clínico Universitario and University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
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Mallah N, Pardo-Seco J, López-Pérez LR, González-Pérez JM, Rosón B, Otero-Barrós MT, Durán-Parrondo C, Nartallo-Penas V, Mirás-Carballal S, Rodríguez-Tenreiro C, Rivero-Calle I, Gómez-Carballa A, Salas A, Martinón-Torres F. Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine booster in the general population and in subjects with comorbidities. A population-based study in Spain. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114252. [PMID: 36096168 PMCID: PMC9462926 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on the effectiveness of COVID-19 booster-based vaccine schedule is ongoing and real-world data on vaccine effectiveness (VE) in comorbid patients are limited. We aimed to estimate booster dose VE against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity in the general population and in comorbid patients. METHOD A retrospective test-negative control study was undertaken in Galicia-Spain (December 2020-November 2021). VE and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated using multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS 1,512,415 (94.13%) negative and 94,334 (5.87%) positive SARS-CoV-2 test results were included. A booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine is associated with substantially higher protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection than vaccination without a booster [VEboosted = 87% (95%CI: 83%; 89%); VEnon-boosted = 66% (95%CI: 65%; 67%)]. The high VE was observed in all ages, but was more pronounced in subjects older than 65 years. VE against COVID-19 severity was analyzed in a mixed population of boosted and non-boosted individuals and considerable protection was obtained [VE: hospitalization = 72% (95%CI: 68%; 75%); intensive care unit administration = 83% (95%CI: 78%; 88%), in-hospital mortality = 66% (95%CI: 53%; 75%)]. Boosted comorbid patients are more protected against SARS-CoV-2 infection than those who were non-boosted. This was observed in a wide range of major diseases including cancer (81% versus 54%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (84% versus 61%), diabetes (84% versus 65%), hypertension (82% versus 65%) and obesity (91% versus 67%), among others. CONCLUSIONS A booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine increases the protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity in the general population and in comorbid patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narmeen Mallah
- Genetics, Vaccines and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago and Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Galicia, Spain; WHO Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Safety, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jacobo Pardo-Seco
- Genetics, Vaccines and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago and Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Galicia, Spain; WHO Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Safety, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis-Ricardo López-Pérez
- Subdirección de Sistemas y Tecnologías de La Información, Servizo Galego de Saude, Galicia, Spain
| | | | - Benigno Rosón
- Subdirección de Sistemas y Tecnologías de La Información, Servizo Galego de Saude, Galicia, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Durán-Parrondo
- Dirección Xeral de Saude Pública, Consellería de Sanidade, Xunta de Galicia, Galicia, Spain
| | | | - Susana Mirás-Carballal
- Servicio de Enfermedades Transmisibles, Consellería de Sanidade, Xunta de Galicia, Galicia, Spain
| | - Carmen Rodríguez-Tenreiro
- Genetics, Vaccines and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago and Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Galicia, Spain; WHO Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Safety, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Rivero-Calle
- Genetics, Vaccines and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago and Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Galicia, Spain; WHO Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Safety, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clínico Universitario and Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Galicia, Spain
| | - Alberto Gómez-Carballa
- Genetics, Vaccines and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago and Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Galicia, Spain; WHO Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Safety, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Salas
- Genetics, Vaccines and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago and Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Galicia, Spain; WHO Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Safety, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, And GenPoB Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Hospital Clìnico Universitario de Santiago, Servizo Galego de Saúde, Galicia, Spain
| | - Federico Martinón-Torres
- Genetics, Vaccines and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago and Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Galicia, Spain; WHO Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Safety, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clínico Universitario and Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Galicia, Spain.
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