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Shrestha A, Chen R, Kunasekaran M, Honeyman D, Notaras A, Sutton B, Quigley A, MacIntyre CR. The risk of cognitive decline and dementia in older adults diagnosed with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2024:102448. [PMID: 39127446 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment can be caused by infections with various pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2. Research has yet to determine the true incidence and course of cognitive impairment in older adults following COVID-19. Furthermore, research has theorised that COVID-19 is associated with dementia progression and diagnosis but this association has yet to be fully described. METHODS A systematic review was registered in Prospero and conducted on the databases PubMed, Embase, Ovid, CENTRAL and Cochrane Library. Studies reporting cognitive impairment and dementia outcomes in post-acute and post-COVID-19 patients aged ≥65 years, and which included control data, were included in this review. RESULTS 15,124 articles were identified by the search strategy. After eliminating duplicate titles and completing title, abstracts and full-text review, 18 studies were included comprising of 412,957 patients with COVID-19 (46.63% male) and 411,929 patients without COVID-19 (46.59% male). The overall mean Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score in COVID-19 patients was 23.34 out of 30 (95% CI [22.24, 24.43]). indicating cognitive impairment. The overall proportion of patients identified as having new onset cognitive impairment was 65% (95% CI [44, 81]). Subgroup analyses indicated that time since infection significantly improves overall MoCA score and reduces proportion of patients with cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION This study indicates that cognitive impairment may be an important sequela of COVID-19. Further research with adequate sample sizes is warranted regarding COVID-19's association with new-onset dementia and dementia progression, and the effect of repeat infections. There is a need for development of diagnostic and management protocols for COVID-19 patients with cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shrestha
- Infections West, Hollywood Private Hospital, Suite 37, Monash Avenue, Western Australia
| | - R Chen
- The Biosecurity Program, The Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - M Kunasekaran
- The Biosecurity Program, The Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - D Honeyman
- The Biosecurity Program, The Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - A Notaras
- The Biosecurity Program, The Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - B Sutton
- The Biosecurity Program, The Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - A Quigley
- The Biosecurity Program, The Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - C Raina MacIntyre
- The Biosecurity Program, The Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Watts College of Public Service and Community Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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2
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García-Azorín D, García-Ruiz C, Sierra-Mencía Á, González-Osorio Y, Recio-García A, González-Celestino A, García-Iglesias C, Planchuelo-Gómez Á, Íñiguez AE, Guerrero-Peral ÁL. Acute and Preventive Treatment of COVID-19-Related Headache: A Series of 100 Patients. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:910. [PMID: 39063663 PMCID: PMC11277981 DOI: 10.3390/life14070910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
To describe the need and effectiveness of acute and preventive medications in a series of 100 consecutive patients referred due to COVID-19-related headaches. Patients were aged 48.0 (standard deviation (SD): 12.4), 84% were female, and 56% had a prior history of headache. The most common headache phenotype was holocranial (63%), frontal (48%), pressing (75%), of moderate intensity (7 out of 10), and accompanied by photophobia (58%). Acute medication was required by 93%, with paracetamol (46%) being the most frequently used drug, followed by ibuprofen (44%). The drugs with the highest proportion of a 2 h pain-freedom response were dexketoprofen (58.8%), triptans (57.7%), and ibuprofen (54.3%). Preventive treatment was required by 75% of patients. The most frequently used drugs were amitriptyline (66%), anesthetic blockades (18%), and onabotulinumtoxinA (11%). The drugs with the highest 50% responder rate were amitriptyline (45.5%), mirtazapine (50%), and anesthetic blockades (38.9%). The highest 75% responder rate was experienced following onabotulinumtoxinA (18.2%). In conclusion, most patients required acute medication, with triptans and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs achieving the best responses. Three-quarters of patients required preventive medication. The most frequently used drug was amitriptyline, which obtained the best results. In some treatment-resistant patients, anesthetic blockades and onabotulinumtoxinA were also beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- David García-Azorín
- Department of Medicine, Toxicology and Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47002 Valladolid, Spain;
- Headache Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (C.G.-R.); (Á.S.-M.); (Y.G.-O.); (A.R.-G.); (A.G.-C.); (C.G.-I.)
| | - Claudia García-Ruiz
- Headache Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (C.G.-R.); (Á.S.-M.); (Y.G.-O.); (A.R.-G.); (A.G.-C.); (C.G.-I.)
| | - Álvaro Sierra-Mencía
- Headache Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (C.G.-R.); (Á.S.-M.); (Y.G.-O.); (A.R.-G.); (A.G.-C.); (C.G.-I.)
| | - Yésica González-Osorio
- Headache Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (C.G.-R.); (Á.S.-M.); (Y.G.-O.); (A.R.-G.); (A.G.-C.); (C.G.-I.)
| | - Andrea Recio-García
- Headache Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (C.G.-R.); (Á.S.-M.); (Y.G.-O.); (A.R.-G.); (A.G.-C.); (C.G.-I.)
| | - Ana González-Celestino
- Headache Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (C.G.-R.); (Á.S.-M.); (Y.G.-O.); (A.R.-G.); (A.G.-C.); (C.G.-I.)
| | - Cristina García-Iglesias
- Headache Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (C.G.-R.); (Á.S.-M.); (Y.G.-O.); (A.R.-G.); (A.G.-C.); (C.G.-I.)
| | - Álvaro Planchuelo-Gómez
- Imaging Processing Laboratory, Escuela Superior de Telecomunicaciones (ETSI), Universidad de Valladolid, 47002 Valladolid, Spain;
| | | | - Ángel L. Guerrero-Peral
- Department of Medicine, Toxicology and Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47002 Valladolid, Spain;
- Headache Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (C.G.-R.); (Á.S.-M.); (Y.G.-O.); (A.R.-G.); (A.G.-C.); (C.G.-I.)
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3
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Seighali N, Abdollahi A, Shafiee A, Amini MJ, Teymouri Athar MM, Safari O, Faghfouri P, Eskandari A, Rostaii O, Salehi AH, Soltani H, Hosseini M, Abhari FS, Maghsoudi MR, Jahanbakhshi B, Bakhtiyari M. The global prevalence of depression, anxiety, and sleep disorder among patients coping with Post COVID-19 syndrome (long COVID): a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:105. [PMID: 38321404 PMCID: PMC10848453 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05481-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post COVID-19 syndrome, also known as "Long COVID," is a complex and multifaceted condition that affects individuals who have recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to comprehensively assess the global prevalence of depression, anxiety, and sleep disorder in individuals coping with Post COVID-19 syndrome. METHODS A rigorous search of electronic databases was conducted to identify original studies until 24 January 2023. The inclusion criteria comprised studies employing previously validated assessment tools for depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders, reporting prevalence rates, and encompassing patients of all age groups and geographical regions for subgroup analysis Random effects model was utilized for the meta-analysis. Meta-regression analysis was done. RESULTS The pooled prevalence of depression and anxiety among patients coping with Post COVID-19 syndrome was estimated to be 23% (95% CI: 20%-26%; I2 = 99.9%) based on data from 143 studies with 7,782,124 participants and 132 studies with 9,320,687 participants, respectively. The pooled prevalence of sleep disorder among these patients, derived from 27 studies with 15,362 participants, was estimated to be 45% (95% CI: 37%-53%; I2 = 98.7%). Subgroup analyses based on geographical regions and assessment scales revealed significant variations in prevalence rates. Meta-regression analysis showed significant correlations between the prevalence and total sample size of studies, the age of participants, and the percentage of male participants. Publication bias was assessed using Doi plot visualization and the Peters test, revealing a potential source of publication bias for depression (p = 0.0085) and sleep disorder (p = 0.02). However, no evidence of publication bias was found for anxiety (p = 0.11). CONCLUSION This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrate a considerable burden of mental health issues, including depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders, among individuals recovering from COVID-19. The findings emphasize the need for comprehensive mental health support and tailored interventions for patients experiencing persistent symptoms after COVID-19 recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Seighali
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Abdollahi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Arman Shafiee
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Javad Amini
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Omid Safari
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Community Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Parsa Faghfouri
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Alireza Eskandari
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Omid Rostaii
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Salehi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hedieh Soltani
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mahsa Hosseini
- Student research committee, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Faeze Soltani Abhari
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Maghsoudi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Bahar Jahanbakhshi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mahmood Bakhtiyari
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Community Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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Ariza M, Cano N, Segura B, Bejar J, Barrué C, Cortés CU, Junqué C, Garolera M. Cognitive and emotional predictors of quality of life and functioning after COVID-19. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2024; 11:302-320. [PMID: 38130039 PMCID: PMC10863915 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A long-term decline in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has been reported after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Studies with people with persistent symptoms showed inconsistent outcomes. Cognition and emotion are important determinants in HRQoL, but few studies have examined their prognostic significance for HRQoL and functionality in post-COVID patients with persisting symptoms. We aimed to describe QoL, HRQoL, and functioning in individuals post-COVID with varying COVID-19 severities and to investigate the predictive value of cognitive and emotional variables for QoL, HRQoL, and functioning. METHODS In total, 492 participants (398 post-COVID and 124 healthy controls) underwent a neurobehavioral examination that included assessments of cognition, mood, QoL/HRQoL (WHOQOL-BREF, EQ-5D), and functioning (WHODAS-II). Analysis of covariance and linear regression models were used to study intergroup differences and the relationship between cognitive and emotional variables and QoL and functioning. RESULTS The Physical and Psychological dimensions of WHOQoL, EQ-5D, and WHODAS Cognition, Mobility, Life Activities, and Participation dimensions were significantly lower in post-COVID groups compared with a control group. Regression models explaining 23.9%-53.9% of variance were obtained for the WHOQoL-BREF dimensions and EQ-5D, with depressive symptoms, post-COVID symptoms, employment status, income, and mental speed processing as main predictors. For the WHODAS, models explaining 17%-60.2% of the variance were obtained. Fatigue, depressive symptoms, mental speed processing, and post-COVID symptoms were the main predictors. INTERPRETATION QoL/HRQoL and functioning after COVID-19 in individuals with persistent symptoms were lower than in non-affected persons. Depressive symptoms, fatigue, and slower mental processing speed were predictors of lower QoL/HRQoL and functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Ariza
- Grup de Recerca en Cervell, Cognició i ConductaConsorci Sanitari de Terrassa (CST)TerrassaSpain
- Unitat de Psicologia Mèdica, Departament de MedicinaUniversitat de Barcelona (UB)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Neus Cano
- Grup de Recerca en Cervell, Cognició i ConductaConsorci Sanitari de Terrassa (CST)TerrassaSpain
- Departament de Ciències BàsiquesUniversitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC)Sant Cugat del VallèsSpain
| | - Bàrbara Segura
- Unitat de Psicologia Mèdica, Departament de MedicinaUniversitat de Barcelona (UB)BarcelonaSpain
- Institut de NeurociènciesUniversitat de Barcelona (UB)BarcelonaSpain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Javier Bejar
- Departament de Ciències de la ComputacióUniversitat Politècnica de Catalunya‐BarcelonaTechBarcelonaSpain
| | - Cristian Barrué
- Departament de Ciències de la ComputacióUniversitat Politècnica de Catalunya‐BarcelonaTechBarcelonaSpain
| | - Claudio Ulises Cortés
- Departament de Ciències de la ComputacióUniversitat Politècnica de Catalunya‐BarcelonaTechBarcelonaSpain
| | - Carme Junqué
- Unitat de Psicologia Mèdica, Departament de MedicinaUniversitat de Barcelona (UB)BarcelonaSpain
- Institut de NeurociènciesUniversitat de Barcelona (UB)BarcelonaSpain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Maite Garolera
- Grup de Recerca en Cervell, Cognició i ConductaConsorci Sanitari de Terrassa (CST)TerrassaSpain
- Neuropsychology UnitConsorci Sanitari de Terrassa (CST)TerrassaSpain
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5
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Gui Z, Wang YY, Li JX, Li XH, Su Z, Cheung T, Lok KI, Ungvari GS, Ng CH, Zhang Q, Xiang YT. Prevalence of poor sleep quality in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry 2024; 14:1272812. [PMID: 38260776 PMCID: PMC10800583 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1272812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the public health responses were associated with a huge health burden, which could influence sleep quality. This meta-analysis and systematic review examined the prevalence of poor sleep quality in COVID-19 patients. Methods PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and PsycINFO were systematically searched from their respective inception to October 27, 2022. Prevalence rates of poor sleep were analyzed using a random effects model. Results Totally, 24 epidemiological and 12 comparative studies with 8,146 COVID-19 patients and 5,787 healthy controls were included. The pooled prevalence of poor sleep quality based on the included studies was 65.0% (95%CI: 59.56-70.44%, I2 = 97.6%). COVID-19 patients had a higher risk of poor sleep quality compared to healthy controls (OR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.30-2.30, p < 0.01, I2 = 78.1%) based on the 12 comparative studies. Subgroup analysis revealed that COVID-19 patients in low-income countries (p = 0.011) and in studies using a lower Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score cut-off (p < 0.001) were more likely to have poor sleep quality. Meta-regression analyses revealed that being female (p = 0.044), older (p < 0.001) and married (p = 0.009) were significantly correlated with a higher risk of poor sleep quality while quality score (p = 0.014) were negatively correlated with the prevalence of poor sleep quality in COVID-19 patients. Conclusion Poor sleep quality was found to be very common in COVID-19 patients. Considering the negative effects of poor sleep quality on daily life, sleep quality should be routinely assessed and appropriately addressed in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Gui
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yue-Ying Wang
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Jia-Xin Li
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Li
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohui Su
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Teris Cheung
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ka-In Lok
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao SAR, China
| | - Gabor S. Ungvari
- Section of Psychiatry, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia
- Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Chee H. Ng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Melbourne Clinic and St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Richmond, VIC, Australia
| | - Qinge Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
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Bertollo AG, Leite Galvan AC, Dama Mingoti ME, Dallagnol C, Ignácio ZM. Impact of COVID-19 on Anxiety and Depression - Biopsychosocial Factors. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:122-133. [PMID: 36809942 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230210100048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety and depression are prevalent mental disorders around the world. The etiology of both diseases is multifactorial, involving biological and psychological issues. The COVID-19 pandemic settled in 2020 and culminated in several changes in the routine of individuals around the world, affecting mental health. People infected with COVID-19 are at greater risk of developing anxiety and depression, and individuals previously affected by these disorders have worsened the condition. In addition, individuals diagnosed with anxiety or depression before being affected by COVID-19 developed the severe illness at higher rates than individuals without mental disorders. This harmful cycle involves several mechanisms, including systemic hyper-inflammation and neuroinflammation. Furthermore, the context of the pandemic and some previous psychosocial factors can aggravate or trigger anxiety and depression. Disorders are also risks for a more severe picture of COVID-19. This review discusses research on a scientific basis, which brings evidence on biopsychosocial factors from COVID-19 and the context of the pandemic involved in anxiety and depression disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Gollo Bertollo
- Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of the Southern Frontier, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Agatha Carina Leite Galvan
- Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of the Southern Frontier, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Maiqueli Eduarda Dama Mingoti
- Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of the Southern Frontier, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Claudia Dallagnol
- Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of the Southern Frontier, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Zuleide Maria Ignácio
- Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of the Southern Frontier, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
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Vilarello BJ, Jacobson PT, Tervo JP, Waring NA, Gudis DA, Goldberg TE, Devanand DP, Overdevest JB. Olfaction and neurocognition after COVID-19: a scoping review. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1198267. [PMID: 37457004 PMCID: PMC10339825 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1198267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 induces both acute and chronic neurological changes. Existing evidence suggests that chemosensory changes, particularly olfactory loss, may reflect central neurological dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases and mark progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's. This scoping review summarizes the available literature to evaluate the relationship between neurocognition and olfaction in young to middle-aged adults with minimal comorbidities following COVID-19 infection. Methods A literature search of PubMed, Ovid Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library was conducted. Studies underwent title/abstract and full text screening by two reviewers, with a third reviewer resolving any conflicts. Remaining studies underwent data extraction. Results Seventeen studies were eligible for data extraction after the review process, where 12 studies found significantly poorer cognition in those suffering from olfactory dysfunction, four studies showed no association between cognition and olfaction, and one study reported lower anosmia prevalence among patients with cognitive impairment. Conclusion The majority of studies in this review find that olfactory dysfunction is associated with poorer cognition. More rigorous studies are needed to further elucidate the relationship between olfaction and cognition after COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J. Vilarello
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
| | - Patricia T. Jacobson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jeremy P. Tervo
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nicholas A. Waring
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
| | - David A. Gudis
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Terry E. Goldberg
- Department of Psychiatry, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - D. P. Devanand
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jonathan B. Overdevest
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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8
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Manfredini A, Pisano F, Incoccia C, Marangolo P. The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown Measures and COVID-19 Infection on Cognitive Functions: A Review in Healthy and Neurological Populations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4889. [PMID: 36981800 PMCID: PMC10049620 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic severely affected people's mental health all over the world. This review aims to present a comprehensive overview of the literature related to the effects of COVID-19 lockdown measures and COVID-19 infection on cognitive functioning in both healthy people and people with neurological conditions by considering only standardized tests. We performed a narrative review of the literature via two databases, PUBMED and SCOPUS, from December 2019 to December 2022. In total, 62 out of 1356 articles were selected and organized into three time periods: short-term (1-4 months), medium-term (5-8 months), and long-term (9-12 months), according to the time in which the tests were performed. Regardless of the time period, most studies showed a general worsening in cognitive performance in people with neurological conditions due to COVID-19 lockdown measures and in healthy individuals recovered from COVID-19 infection. Our review is the first to highlight the importance of considering standardized tests as reliable measures to quantify the presence of cognitive deficits due to COVID-19. Indeed, we believe that they provide an objective measure of the cognitive difficulties encountered in the different populations, while allowing clinicians to plan rehabilitation treatments that can be of great help to many patients who still, nowadays, experience post-COVID-19 symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Manfredini
- Department of Humanities Studies, University Federico II, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Pisano
- Department of Humanities Studies, University Federico II, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Paola Marangolo
- Department of Humanities Studies, University Federico II, 80133 Naples, Italy
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Types and Sources of Social Support Accessible to University Students with Disabilities in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11040464. [PMID: 36832998 PMCID: PMC9957490 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11040464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
University students with disabilities face an increased risk of experiencing negative implications in educational, psychological, and social spheres during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed at assessing various dimensions of social support and its sources during the COVID-19 pandemic that availed university students with disabilities. This cross-sectional descriptive study collected data from 53 university students with disabilities. We administered the Social Support Scale (SSC) to assess five dimensions: informational, emotional, esteem, social integration and tangible support, and access to social support from four sources: family, friends, teachers, and colleagues. Multiple regression analysis showed that university students with disabilities mainly relied upon their friends for informational support (β = 0.64; p < 0.001), emotional support (β = 0.52; p < 0.001), and social integration support (β = 0.57; p < 0.001). Family members (β = 0.406; p < 0.01) and colleagues (β = 0.36; p < 0.01) provided esteem support to students with disabilities. Support from teachers demonstrated an association with informational support (β = 0.24; p < 0.05). The findings from the current study suggest that students with disabilities primarily sought informational, emotional, and social integration support from their peers. Although teachers were the primary source of informational support, emotional and esteem support were not found to be significantly associated with them. These findings necessitate exploring the underlying factors and how to enhance them during unusual circumstances such as online distance education and social distancing.
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Sampogna G, Di Vincenzo M, Giallonardo V, Perris F, Volpicelli A, Del Vecchio V, Luciano M, Fiorillo A. The Psychiatric Consequences of Long-COVID: A Scoping Review. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12111767. [PMID: 36579511 PMCID: PMC9697474 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12111767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has represented a new form of traumatic event, affecting the general population worldwide and causing severe disruption of daily routine. A new urgent concern is related to the burden associated with COVID-19 symptoms that persist beyond the onset of infection, the so-called long-COVID syndrome. The present paper aims to: (1) describe the most frequent psychiatric symptoms reported by patients affected by long-COVID syndrome; (2) evaluate methodological discrepancies among the available studies; (3) inform clinicians and policy-makers on the possible strategies to be promoted in order to manage the psychiatric consequences of long-COVID syndrome. Twenty-one papers have been included in the present review, mostly with a cross-sectional or cohort design. Significant heterogeneity of long-COVID syndrome definitions was found. The presence of psychiatric symptoms was evaluated with very different assessment tools. The most common psychiatric symptoms of the long-COVID syndrome included fatigue, cognitive disturbances/impairment, depression, and anxiety symptoms. The rate of fatigue varied from 93.2-82.3% to 11.5%, cognitive impairment/cognitive dysfunction from 61.4% to 23.5% and depressive-anxiety symptoms from 23.5%to 9.5%.
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Pistoia F, Salfi F, Saporito G, Ornello R, Frattale I, D'Aurizio G, Tempesta D, Ferrara M, Sacco S. Behavioral and psychological factors in individuals with migraine without psychiatric comorbidities. J Headache Pain 2022; 23:110. [PMID: 36028795 PMCID: PMC9411831 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-022-01485-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well known that the course of migraine is influenced by comorbidities and that individual psychological characteristics may impact on the disease. Proper identification of psychological factors that are relevant to migraine is important to improve non-pharmacological management. This study aimed at investigating the relationship between psychological factors and migraine in subjects free of psychiatric comorbidities. METHODS A sample of women with episodic (EM) and chronic migraine (CM) without history of psychiatric comorbidities were included in this cross-sectional study. The study also included female healthy controls (HC) without migraine or other primary headaches. We evaluated sleep, anxiety, depression, intolerance of uncertainty, decision making style and tendence to pain catastrophizing by validated self-report questionnaires or scales. Comparisons among groups were performed using ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS A total of 65 women with EM (mean age ± SD, 43.9 ± 7.2), 65 women with CM (47.7 ± 8.5), and 65 HC (43.5 ± 9.0) were evaluated. In sleep domains, CM patients reported poorer overall sleep quality, more severe sleep disturbances, greater sleep medication use, higher daytime dysfunction, and more severe insomnia symptoms than HC. EM group showed better sleep quality, lower sleep disturbances and sleep medication use than CM. On the other hand, the analysis highlighted more severe daytime dysfunction and insomnia symptoms in EM patients compared to HC. In anxiety and mood domains, CM showed greater trait anxiety and a higher level of general anxiety sensitivity than HC. Specifically, CM participants were more afraid of somatic and cognitive anxiety symptoms than HC. No difference in depression severity emerged. Finally, CM reported a higher pain catastrophizing tendency, more severe feeling of helplessness, and more substantial ruminative thinking than EM and HC, whilst EM participants reported higher scores in the three above-mentioned dimensions than HC. The three groups showed similar decision-making styles, intolerance of uncertainty, and strategies for coping with uncertainty. CONCLUSIONS Even in individuals without psychiatric comorbidities, specific behavioral and psychological factors are associated with migraine, especially in its chronic form. Proper identification of those factors is important to improve management of migraine through non-pharmacological strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pistoia
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio 1, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Federico Salfi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio 1, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Gennaro Saporito
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio 1, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Raffaele Ornello
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio 1, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Ilaria Frattale
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio 1, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giulia D'Aurizio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio 1, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Daniela Tempesta
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio 1, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Michele Ferrara
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio 1, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Simona Sacco
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio 1, L'Aquila, Italy
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