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Forte G, Favieri F, Corbo I, Troisi G, Marselli G, Blasutto B, Ponce R, Di Pace E, Langher V, Tambelli R, Casagrande M. Adapting Minds: Exploring Cognition to Threatened Stimuli in the Post-COVID-19 Landscape Comparing Old and New Concerns about Pandemic. Brain Sci 2024; 14:711. [PMID: 39061451 PMCID: PMC11274687 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14070711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The global population has been significantly affected by the pandemic in terms of physical and mental health. According to transactional theory, individuals have undergone an adaptation process influenced by cognitive control abilities. Emotional responses to COVID-19-related stimuli may interfere with top-down attentional processes, thereby hindering adaptation. This study aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19-related stimuli on attentional processing and to determine whether psychological factors could modulate these effects. A sample of 96 healthy undergraduate students participated in an emotional Stroop task in which they were presented with a series of stimuli, including both neutral and negative COVID-19-related as well as non-COVID-19 stimuli. COVID-19-related PTSD, as an index of distress (PTSS), and trait anxiety were evaluated. Results showed that participants were more accurate in identifying COVID-19-related stimuli compared to non-COVID-19 stimuli. Being female and having higher retrospective PTSS scores related to COVID-19 were predictive of faster reaction times for both neutral and negative COVID-19-related stimuli. This heightened attentional bias toward COVID-19-related stimuli suggests that individuals may be more sensitive to stimuli associated with the pandemic. The results suggest that the association between COVID-19 stimuli and attentional biases extends beyond emotional valence, being retrospectively influenced by mental health, suggesting potential pathways to future mental health challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Forte
- Department of Dynamic, Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.F.); (I.C.); (V.L.); (R.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Francesca Favieri
- Department of Dynamic, Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.F.); (I.C.); (V.L.); (R.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Ilaria Corbo
- Department of Dynamic, Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.F.); (I.C.); (V.L.); (R.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Giovanna Troisi
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.T.); (G.M.); (B.B.); (R.P.); (E.D.P.)
| | - Giulia Marselli
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.T.); (G.M.); (B.B.); (R.P.); (E.D.P.)
| | - Barbara Blasutto
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.T.); (G.M.); (B.B.); (R.P.); (E.D.P.)
| | - Renato Ponce
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.T.); (G.M.); (B.B.); (R.P.); (E.D.P.)
- Department of Experimental Psychology & Mind, Brain and Behaviour Research Centre (CIMCYC), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
| | - Enrico Di Pace
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.T.); (G.M.); (B.B.); (R.P.); (E.D.P.)
| | - Viviana Langher
- Department of Dynamic, Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.F.); (I.C.); (V.L.); (R.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Renata Tambelli
- Department of Dynamic, Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.F.); (I.C.); (V.L.); (R.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Maria Casagrande
- Department of Dynamic, Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.F.); (I.C.); (V.L.); (R.T.); (M.C.)
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Lyon NR, Thomas R, Kwasky AN. One-Hour Suicide Prevention Training Makes a Difference! J Christ Nurs 2024; 41:144-151. [PMID: 38853313 DOI: 10.1097/cnj.0000000000001189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Nurses and other healthcare workers in the United States are at increased risk of suicide compared to non-healthcare workers. College students also experience high suicide risk. To impact suicide prevention in these populations, a Question, Persuade, Refer (QPR) 1-hour gatekeeper suicide prevention training program was implemented at the University of Detroit Mercy for faculty, staff, and administrators in the College of Health Professions (N = 43). Knowledge in seven areas of suicide significantly increased after the training (p < .001). Sixteen attitudes about suicide improved; however, only two showed a statistically significant change. Results support that 1-hour QPR training can be effectively implemented in a large organization.
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Muysewinkel E, Stene LE, Van Deynse H, Vesentini L, Bilsen J, Van Overmeire R. Post-what stress? A review of methods of research on posttraumatic stress during COVID-19. J Anxiety Disord 2024; 102:102829. [PMID: 38219397 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2024.102829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-traumatic stress (PTS) was extensively investigated during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, numerous researchers have raised concerns regarding the adherence of many of these studies to the diagnostic criteria for PTSD as outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) or the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). This review aimed to provide insight into the methodology of research on PTS during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Two independent reviewers examined a total of 1129 studies published between 1/01/2020 and 1/07/2023. The investigation focused on the scales employed to assess PTS, the diagnostic framework used (DSM or ICD), whether there was referral to an index-event in the PTS measurement and country where data collection took place. RESULTS Among the 1129 studies, 70.0% did not provide any indication of an index-event to which PTS symptoms were attributed. Only 11.3% of the studies explicitly indicated an index-event associated with the PTS symptoms. Furthermore, 54.1% of the studies utilized scales based on DSM-IV criteria. Finally, the majority of PTS-studies had data collections in China, United States and Italy. CONCLUSION A limited number of studies conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic reported use of an index-event in their PTS measurement. Furthermore, most studies used scales based on a previous iteration of the most used diagnostical system, namely the DSM. This delay in the implementation of new diagnostic criteria, may impair the clinical relevance of scientific studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Muysewinkel
- Mental Health and Wellbeing Research Group, Department of Public Health, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Public Health, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lise Eilin Stene
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Gullhaugveien 1, 0484 Oslo, Norway
| | - Helena Van Deynse
- Department of Public Health, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lara Vesentini
- Mental Health and Wellbeing Research Group, Department of Public Health, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Johan Bilsen
- Mental Health and Wellbeing Research Group, Department of Public Health, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Roel Van Overmeire
- Mental Health and Wellbeing Research Group, Department of Public Health, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Gullhaugveien 1, 0484 Oslo, Norway.
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Kim MS, Cho SI. Factors influencing psychological concerns about COVID-19 in South Korea: direct and indirect damage during the early stages of pandemic. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:54. [PMID: 38166932 PMCID: PMC10763012 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17476-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 pandemic has led to psychological concerns, the distribution of which across populations may differ depending on whether pandemic-related damage is direct or indirect. This study aims to investigate concerns associated with direct and indirect damage according to population characteristics, and identify relatively vulnerable groups that are particularly affected by concerns. METHOD This cross-sectional study used data from the 2020 Korea Community Health Survey, which collected data based on a complex sampling design. A total of 208,106 responses from individuals aged ≥ 19 were collected via in-person interviews. The items related to COVID-19 concerns were measured by Likert scales ranging from 1 to 5 and categorized into two types: direct concerns, which pertained to infection or death, and indirect concerns, which pertained to criticism, vulnerability, and economic damage, through factor analysis. We compared the means and effect size of direct concerns, indirect concerns, and overall concerns using weighted mean, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a two-factor structure for psychological concerns about COVID-19 (CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.97, SRMR = 0.02, RMSEA = 0.06), which were divided into direct and indirect concerns. Mean scores were 3.62 for direct concerns and 4.07 for indirect concerns. Direct concerns were higher in females (B = .26); the elderly (B = .15); those diagnosed with hypertension or diabetes (B = .04; B = .06); those with few assistants during quarantine (B = .15); and those whose neighbors responded inappropriately to COVID-19 (B = .07). Indirect concerns were lower among the elderly (B = -.04), and higher among young; married (B = .25); pink- or blue-collar workers (B = .08; B = .06); and those who felt that the city responded inappropriately to COVID-19 (B = .02). CONCLUSION The prevalence of concerns regarding direct and indirect damage caused by the COVID-19 pandemic differed according to population characteristics. Some factors had a marked influence on direct and indirect concerns. Our findings could inform psychological interventions and policies for future pandemics. Customized interventions are needed to prevent negative psychological concerns and improve mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Sung Kim
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Il Cho
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Meeker TJ, Kim HJ, Tulloch IK, Keaser ML, Seminowicz DA, Dorsey SG. Secondary analysis: heat and self-report pain sensitivity associate with biological sex and racialized sociocultural group but may not be mediated by anxiety or pain catastrophizing. Pain Rep 2024; 9:e1133. [PMID: 38283650 PMCID: PMC10811695 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000001133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous studies have demonstrated associations between sex and racialized group on pain sensitivity and tolerance. We analyzed the association of sex and racialized group on heat pain sensitivity, sensibility to painful suprathreshold mechanical pain (STMP), and pain sensitivity questionnaire (PSQ). We hypothesized that anxiety and pain catastrophizing reported by racialized minority groups and women would mediate enhanced pain sensitivity. Our secondary aim was to evaluate validity of the PSQ in a diverse population. Methods Using quantitative sensory testing for painful heat, STMP (forces: 64, 128, 256, and 512 mN), and PSQ, we evaluated pain sensitivity in 134 healthy participants [34 (18 women) Asian, 25 (13 women) Black, and 75 (41 women) White]. We used general linear and linear mixed models to analyze outcomes. We assessed mediation of state and trait anxiety and pain catastrophizing on pain sensitivity. Results Racialized minority status was associated with greater heat pain sensitivity (F = 7.63; P = 0.00074) and PSQ scores (F = 15.45; P = 9.84 × 10-7) but not associated with STMP (F = 1.50; P = 0.23). Female sex was associated with greater heat pain sensitivity (F = 4.9; P = 0.029) and lower PSQ (F = 9.50; P = 0.0025) but not associated with STMP (F = 0.0018; P = 0.97). Neither anxiety nor pain catastrophizing mediated associations between sex or racialized group with heat pain threshold or PSQ. Differential experience of individual items (F = 19.87; P = 3.28 × 10-8) limited PSQ face validity in racialized minorities. Conclusion Consistent with previous research, sensitivity to painful heat was associated with racialized minority status and female sex. By contrast, there was no significant effect of racialized minority status or female sex on STMP. Some PSQ items are inapplicable to participants from racialized minority groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Meeker
- Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hee Jun Kim
- Community of Acute and Chronic Care, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ingrid K. Tulloch
- Department of Psychology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael L. Keaser
- Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David A. Seminowicz
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Susan G. Dorsey
- Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pain and Translational Symptom Sciences, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Bamps L, Armenti JP, Bojan M, Grandbastien B, von Garnier C, Du Pasquier R, Desgranges F, Papadimitriou-Olivgeris M, Alberio L, Preisig M, Schwitter J, Guery B. Long-Term Consequences of COVID-19: A 1-Year Analysis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12072673. [PMID: 37048757 PMCID: PMC10095027 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12072673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-lasting symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection have been described many times in the literature and are referred to as Long COVID. In this prospective, longitudinal, monocentric, observational study, we collected the health complaints of 474 patients (252 ambulatory and 222 hospitalized) at Lausanne University Hospital 1 year after COVID-19 diagnosis. Using a self-reported health survey, we explored cardiopulmonary, vascular, neurological, and psychological complaints. Our results show that age, Charlson comorbidity index, and smoking habits were associated with hospital admission. Regarding the vascular system, we found that having had thromboembolism before SARS-CoV-2 infection was significantly associated with a higher risk of recurrence of thromboembolism at 1 year. In the neurologic evaluation, the most frequent symptom was fatigue, which was observed in 87.5% of patients, followed by “feeling slowed down”, headache, and smell disturbance in 71.5%, 68.5%, and 60.7% of cases, respectively. Finally, our cohort subjects scored higher overall in the STAI, CESD, Maastricht, and PSQI scores (which measure anxiety, depression, fatigue, and sleep, respectively) than the healthy population. Using cluster analysis, we identified two phenotypes of patients prone to developing Long COVID. At baseline, CCS score, prior chronic disease, stroke, and atrial fibrillation were associated with Long COVID. During COVID infection, mechanical ventilation and five neurological complaints were also associated with Long COVID. In conclusion, this study confirms the wide range of symptoms developed after COVID with the involvement of all the major systems. Early identification of risk factors associated with the development of Long COVID could improve patient follow-up; nevertheless, the low specificity of these factors remains a challenge to building a systematic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Bamps
- Service of Infectious Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Philippe Armenti
- Service of Infectious Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mirela Bojan
- Anesthesiology, Hopital Marie Lannelongue, 133 Av. de la Résistance, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Bruno Grandbastien
- Service of Infectious Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christophe von Garnier
- Division of Pneumology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Renaud Du Pasquier
- Service of Neurology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florian Desgranges
- Service of Infectious Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Lorenzo Alberio
- Service of Haematology and Haematology Central Laboratory, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Preisig
- Service of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jurg Schwitter
- Service of Cardiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne,1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Director CMR Center, University Hospital Lausanne (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV)), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology & Medicine, Lausanne University, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Benoit Guery
- Service of Infectious Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Gori A, Topino E, Musetti A. The Relationship among Anxiety, Worry, Perceived Stress, Defense Mechanisms, and High Levels of Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms: A Discriminant Analytic Approach. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13020237. [PMID: 36836471 PMCID: PMC9966516 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13020237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a pathological condition that may lead to a significant deterioration in the quality of life over time. Therefore, the study of the elements that can characterize the disorder could be considered of great clinical interest and relevance. The aim of the present research was to empirically discriminate the influence of perceived stress, state anxiety, worry, and defense mechanisms (mature, neurotic, and immature) at different levels of post-traumatic stress symptoms. A sample of 1250 participants (69.5% women, 30.5% men; Mage = 34.52, SD = 11.857) completed an online survey including the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, Ten-Item Perceived Stress Scale, Penn State Worry Questionnaire, Forty Item Defense Style Questionnaire, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Form X3. Data were analysed by implementing MANOVA and discriminant analysis. Results showed significant differences in the levels of perceived stress, state anxiety, and worry, as well as neurotic and immature defenses based on the levels of post-traumatic stress symptoms: F(12,2484) = 85.682, p < 0.001; Wilk's Λ = 0.430. Furthermore, these variables discriminate significant accuracy between participants who reported a mild psychological impact and those with a probable presence of PTSD, with perceived stress, which was found to be the best predictor. Classification results indicated that the original grouped cases were classified with 86.3% overall accuracy. Such findings may provide useful insight for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Gori
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Via di San Salvi 12, Pad. 26, 50135 Firenze, Italy
- Integrated Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Institute (IPPI), Via Ricasoli 32, 50122 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Eleonora Topino
- Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University of Rome, Via della Traspontina 21, 00193 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Musetti
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries, University of Parma, Borgo Carissimi 10, 43121 Parma, Italy
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