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El-Samahy LA, Tartor YH, Abdelkhalek A, Pet I, Ahmadi M, El-Nabtity SM. Ocimum basilicum and Lagenaria siceraria Loaded Lignin Nanoparticles as Versatile Antioxidant, Immune Modulatory, Anti-Efflux, and Antimicrobial Agents for Combating Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria and Fungi. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:865. [PMID: 39061933 PMCID: PMC11273778 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lignin nanoparticles emerged as a promising alternative for drug delivery systems owing to their biodegradability and bioactive properties. This study investigated the antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extract of Ocimum basilicum-loaded lignin nanoparticles (OB-LNPs) and Lagenaria siceraria seed oil-loaded lignin nanoparticles (LS-LNPs) to find a solution for antimicrobial resistance. OB-LNPs and LS-LNPs were tested for their antimicrobial potential against Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, and Microsporum canis. OB-LNPs and LS-LNPs were further tested for their anti-efflux activity against ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica strains and for treating Salmonella infection in a rat model. We also investigated the antifungal efficacy of OB-LNPs and LS-LNPs for treating T. rubrum infection in a guinea pig model. Both OB-LNPs and LS-LNPs showed strong antimicrobial potential against S. Typhimurium and T. rubrum infections. LS-LNPs showed antibacterial activity against Salmonella enterica species with a MIC range of 0.5-4 µg/mL and antifungal activity against T. rubrum with a MIC range of 0.125-1 µg/mL. OB-LNPs showed antibacterial activity against Salmonella enterica species with a MIC range of 0.5-2 µg/mL and antifungal activity against T. rubrum with a MIC range of 0.25-2 µg/mL. OB-LNPs and LS-LNPs downregulated the expression of ramA and acrB efflux pump genes (fold change values ranged from 0.2989 to 0.5434; 0.4601 to 0.4730 for ramA and 0.3842-0.6199; 0.5035-0.8351 for acrB). Oral administration of OB-LNPs and LS-LNPs in combination with ciprofloxacin had a significant effect on all blood parameters, as well as on liver and kidney function parameters. Oxidative stress mediators, total antioxidant capacity, and malondialdehyde were abolished by oral administration of OB-LNPs and LS-LNPs (0.5 mL/rat once daily for 5 days). Interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α were also reduced in comparison with the positive control group and the ciprofloxacin-treated group. Histopathological examination of the liver and intestine of OB-LNPs and LS-LNPs-treated rats revealed an elevation in Salmonella clearance. Treatment of T. rubrum-infected guinea pigs with OB-LNPs and LS-LNPs topically in combination with itraconazole resulted in a reduction in lesion scores, microscopy, and culture results. In conclusion, OB-LNPs and LS-LNPs possess immunomodulatory and antioxidant potential and can be used as naturally derived nanoparticles for drug delivery and treatment of Salmonellosis and dermatophytosis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamiaa A. El-Samahy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Arish University, Arish 45511, Egypt;
| | - Yasmine H. Tartor
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Adel Abdelkhalek
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City 11829, Egypt;
| | - Ioan Pet
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Mirela Ahmadi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Sameh M. El-Nabtity
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
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Tarek A, Tartor YH, Hassan MN, Pet I, Ahmadi M, Abdelkhalek A. Fighting Emerging Caspofungin-Resistant Candida Species: Mitigating Fks1-Mediated Resistance and Enhancing Caspofungin Efficacy by Chitosan. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:578. [PMID: 39061260 PMCID: PMC11274059 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13070578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Invasive candidiasis poses a worldwide threat because of the rising prevalence of antifungal resistance, resulting in higher rates of morbidity and mortality. Additionally, Candida species, which are opportunistic infections, have significant medical and economic consequences for immunocompromised individuals. This study explores the antifungal potential of chitosan to mitigate caspofungin resistance in caspofungin-resistant Candida albicans, C. krusei, and C. tropicalis isolates originating from human and animal sources using agar well diffusion, broth microdilution tests, and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis of treated Candida cells. Reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to assess the expression of SAGA complex genes (GCN5 and ADA2) and the caspofungin resistance gene (FKS) in Candida species isolates after chitosan treatment. The highest resistance rate was observed to ketoconazole (80%) followed by clotrimazole (62.7%), fluconazole (60%), terbinafine (58%), itraconazole (57%), miconazole (54.2%), amphotericin B (51.4%), voriconazole (34.28%), and caspofungin (25.7%). Nine unique FKS mutations were detected, including S645P (n = 3 isolates), S645F, L644F, S645Y, L688M, E663G, and F641S (one isolate in each). The caspofungin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values before chitosan treatment ranged from 2 to 8 µg/mL and 4 to 16 µg/mL, respectively. However, the MIC and MFC values were decreased after chitosan treatment (0.0625-1 µg/mL) and (0.125-2 µg/mL), respectively. Caspofungin MIC was significantly decreased (p = 0.0007) threefold following chitosan treatment compared with the MIC values before treatment. TEM analysis revealed that 0.5% chitosan disrupted the integrity of the cell surface, causing irregular morphologies and obvious aberrant changes in cell wall thickness in caspofungin-resistant and sensitive Candida isolates. The cell wall thickness of untreated isolates was 0.145 μm in caspofungin-resistant isolate and 0.125 μm in sensitive isolate, while it was significantly lower in chitosan-treated isolates, ranging from 0.05 to 0.08 μm when compared with the cell wall thickness of sensitive isolate (0.03 to 0.06 μm). Moreover, RT-qPCR demonstrated a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the expression levels of histone acetyltransferase genes (GCN5 and ADA2) and FKS gene of caspofungin-resistant Candida species isolates treated with 0.5% chitosan when compared with before treatment (fold change values ranged from 0.001 to 0.0473 for GCN5, 1.028 to 4.856 for ADA2, and 2.713 to 12.38 for FKS gene). A comparison of the expression levels of cell wall-related genes (ADA2 and GCN5) between caspofungin-resistant and -sensitive isolates demonstrated a significant decrease following chitosan treatment (p < 0.001). The antifungal potential of chitosan enhances the efficacy of caspofungin against various caspofungin-resistant Candida species isolates and prevents the development of further antifungal resistance. The results of this study contribute to the progress in repurposing caspofungin and inform a development strategy to enhance its efficacy, appropriate antifungal activity against Candida species, and mitigate resistance. Consequently, chitosan could be used in combination with caspofungin for the treatment of candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Tarek
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Yasmine H. Tartor
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed N. Hassan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Ioan Pet
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Mirela Ahmadi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Adel Abdelkhalek
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City 11829, Egypt;
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Rachina S, Zakharenkova P, Kozlov R, Palagin I, Shishkina K, Strelkova D, Mamchich D. The antibiotic knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of patients purchasing antibiotics with prescription in Russia: a qualitative, comparative analysis. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2024; 6:dlae041. [PMID: 38523731 PMCID: PMC10959511 DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlae041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The study aimed to investigate behaviour, knowledge and practices towards antibiotic (AB) use among patients who purchased ABs with a prescription across Russia. Methods Semi-structured interviews conducted in all eight Federal Districts, Moscow and Saint Petersburg in 2022 by 21 researchers trained specifically for this study. Data were analysed using a directed content analysis approach. Results In total, 151 respondents were interviewed. Respiratory symptoms were the most common reason for AB prescription. The majority of patients discussed their complaints with family members or friends before consulting the physician and occasionally looked for information on antimicrobial treatment on the internet. The decision to use an AB was usually made by the physician, although patients often anticipated its prescription. Respondents typically chose to go to the nearest drug store to pick up the medicines, not seeking any recommendation from the local pharmacists. The level of knowledge about the effects of ABs was generally low. In most cases, patients were not aware of antimicrobial resistance and rarely recalled any information campaigns targeting prudent AB use. Respondents admitted COVID-19 had an impact on their behaviour: they have become more caring towards their health, but less likely to seek medical care because of the risk of infection. Conclusions Our findings, in particular low awareness of the population about the effects of ABs and antimicrobial resistance, peculiarities of attitudes and behaviour (significant influence of the environment, tendency to self-diagnose, fairly high level of trust in doctors etc.) can be useful for the development of effective initiatives aiming for prudent AB use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Rachina
- Internal Medicine Department #2, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Kolomensky passage 12/4, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Polina Zakharenkova
- Endocrinology Department, City Polyclinic No. 1, Kuibysheva 3, Bryansk 241035, Russia
| | - Roman Kozlov
- Institute of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Smolensk State Medical University, Kirova 46-A, Smolensk 214019, Russia
| | - Ivan Palagin
- Institute of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Smolensk State Medical University, Kirova 46-A, Smolensk 214019, Russia
| | - Ksenia Shishkina
- Internal Medicine Department #2, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Kolomensky passage 12/4, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Daria Strelkova
- Internal Medicine Department #2, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Kolomensky passage 12/4, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Daria Mamchich
- Internal Medicine Department #2, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Kolomensky passage 12/4, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Korkmaz P, Mıstanoğlu-Özatağ D, Paşalı-Kilit T, Toka O, Onbaşı K. Knowledge and Attitudes of Patients About the Rational Use of Antibiotics. INFECTIOUS DISEASES & CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2024; 6:11-21. [PMID: 38633436 PMCID: PMC11019724 DOI: 10.36519/idcm.2024.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Objective Antimicrobial resistance can lead to morbidity and mortality in serious infections. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of patients admitted to the outpatient clinics of our hospital about the rational use of antibiotics. Materials and Methods Patients who applied to Infectious Diseases and Internal Diseases Polyclinics between August 01, 2021 and February 01, 2022 were included. After obtaining written consent from those who agreed to participate in the study, a face-to-face questionnaire was applied to evaluate their knowledge and attitudes about antibiotic use. Results A total of 735 patients were included in the study; 64.1% were women, and the mean age was 40±15 years. The median of the total correct score on the scale measuring the patients' knowledge level in the study was 5. It was determined that individuals who scored 5 or less did not have sufficient knowledge, and those who scored above 5 had sufficient knowledge. Female gender, being single, being a university graduate, and having a middle income were associated with sufficient knowledge level (p<0.05). The rates of self-starting or using antibiotics until the complaints subsided were higher in the group with insufficient knowledge (p<0.05). Conclusion The knowledge level of our patients regarding antibiotic use provided better results in all parameters, such as the number of visits to the doctor, self-starting antibiotics, using the antibiotic in the appropriate indication, and complying with the duration. The knowledge level was found to be associated with the appropriate antibiotic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Korkmaz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Kütahya Health Sciences University School of Medicine, Kütahya, Türkiye
| | - Duru Mıstanoğlu-Özatağ
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Kütahya Health Sciences University School of Medicine, Kütahya, Türkiye
| | - Türkan Paşalı-Kilit
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kütahya Health Sciences University School of Medicine, Kütahya, Türkiye
| | - Onur Toka
- Department of Bioistatics, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Kevser Onbaşı
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kütahya Health Sciences University School of Medicine, Kütahya, Türkiye
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Lin R, Duan L, Liu C, Wang D, Zhang X, Wang X, Zhang X, Wang Q, Zheng S, Liu C. The public's antibiotic use behavioural patterns and their determinants for upper respiratory tract infections: a latent class analysis based on consumer behaviour model in China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1231370. [PMID: 38162628 PMCID: PMC10754980 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1231370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The irrational use of antibiotics among the public is a major contributor to antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which is a serious global threat. Prior studies have demonstrated that there are different behavioural patterns regarding antibiotic use among the public, and targeted interventions for subgroups with different behavioural patterns may be more effective. Thus, this study aimed to identify the public's behavioural patterns of antibiotic use for upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) and their influencing factors. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among the general population in Chongqing, China. Consumer decision-making (Consumer Behaviour Model, CBM) was used to assess the public's behaviours regarding antibiotic use, including need recognition, information searching, alternative evaluation, obtaining antibiotics, antibiotic consumption, and postuse evaluation. Furthermore, a latent class analysis was used to identify the underlying behavioural patterns among the public. The identified behavioural patterns of antibiotic use were further linked with individuals' capacity, opportunity, and motivation factors of antibiotic use based on a multinominal logistic regression to explore possible determinants. Results A total of 815 respondents were enrolled in the study. The public's irrational use of antibiotics was prevalent, including antibiotic self-medication (39.63%), nonprescription antibiotic purchasing (59.02%), and early stopping of antibiotic prescriptions (76.56%). Participants had inadequate knowledge of antibiotics (Mean = 2.33, SD = 1.71), reported high availability to antibiotics (Mean = 7.13, SD = 2.41), held strong belief in antibiotic effectiveness (Mean = 10.29, SD = 2.71), and demonstrated a high perceived threat of AMR (Mean = 12.30, SD = 3.20). Four behavioural patterns regarding antibiotic use for URTIs were identified, namely, "antibiotic self-medicators" (n = 165, 20.25%), "formal health care seekers" (n = 216, 26.50%), "various treatment users" (n = 198, 24.20%), and "self-medication without antibiotics" (n = 236, 28.96%). Individuals' self-efficacy of antibiotic use, belief in antibiotic effectiveness, awareness of antibiotic side effects, perceived antibiotic availability, social influence, and demographics (age, education, medical insurance, and having a medical background) were significantly associated with the public's different behavioural patterns of antibiotic use for URTIs. Conclusion This study calls for collaborative efforts among the public, physicians, policy makers, and the implementation of precise and multifaceted interventions to effectively reduce irrational use of antibiotics in the public. Such interventions include identifying subgroups within the public to provide more targeted education about antibiotics and the management of URTIs, reinforcing the regulation of antibiotic dispensing, and improving physicians' rational antibiotic prescriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujiao Lin
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lixia Duan
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chaojie Liu
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Management, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xinping Zhang
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xi Wang
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qianning Wang
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuangjiang Zheng
- Department of Medical Affairs, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chenxi Liu
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Pennino F, Maccauro ML, Sorrentino M, Gioia M, Riello S, Messineo G, Di Rosa C, Montuori P, Triassi M, Nardone A. Insights from a Cross-Sectional Study on Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviors Concerning Antibiotic Use in a Large Metropolitan Area: Implications for Public Health and Policy Interventions. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1476. [PMID: 37887177 PMCID: PMC10603846 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12101476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The overuse and inappropriate use of antibiotics pose a grave threat to public health, contributing significantly to the accelerated development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and increased rates of morbidity and mortality, making it a leading cause of death globally. To examine the relationship between demographic variables and knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors concerning antibiotic use, a survey-based cross-sectional study was conducted involving 1158 individuals. The questionnaire included two sections: in the first section, participants' socio-demographic characteristics were analyzed; the second investigated knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors concerning antibiotics utilization using a total of 36 questions. Descriptive statistics were used, and then a multiple linear regression analysis (MLRA) using three models was carried out. In Model I, knowledge about antibiotics exhibited correlations with smoking habits and educational attainment. In Model II, attitudes were significantly associated with gender, smoking habits, age, education, relationship status, and knowledge. In Model III, behaviors related to antibiotics were correlated with educational attainment, having children, knowledge, and attitudes. Implementing tailored public health programs could be a cost-effective intervention to enhance behaviors associated with antibiotic use in the general population. This study offers valuable insights into the determinants of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding antibiotics in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pennino
- Department of Public Health, “Federico II” University, Via Sergio Pansini nº 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Subedi D, Jyoti S, Thapa B, Paudel S, Shrestha P, Sapkota D, Bhatt BR, Adhikari H, Poudel U, Gautam A, Nepal R, Al-Mustapha AI. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Antibiotic Use and Resistance among Poultry Farmers in Nepal. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1369. [PMID: 37760666 PMCID: PMC10525118 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The abuse and misuse of antibiotics is one of the main drivers of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Globally, AMR in food-producing animals is a significant public health concern. This study, therefore, assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to antibiotic usage (AMU) and AMR among poultry farmers in Nepal. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 605 poultry farmers from six districts of Nepal from May to June 2022 to assess the status of knowledge, attitude, as well as practices toward prudent antibiotic usage (AMU) and AMR. The majority of the participants in our study were from the Chitwan district (31.6%; n = 191/605), aged 30-44 (54.2%; n = 328/605), males (70.4%; n = 426/605), and farmers with a higher secondary (28.76%; n = 174/605) level of education. The tetracyclines (28%, n = 228/828), aminoglycosides (23%, n = 188/828), and fluoroquinolones (15%, n = 126/828) were the most used antibiotics classes among poultry farmers. Although 87.8% (n = 531/605) of poultry farmers used antibiotics, 49.8% (n = 301/605) of them were aware of AMR, and 55.7% (n = 337/605) knew that the misuse of antimicrobials could affect human and environmental health. There were significant differences in the knowledge, attitude, and practices toward prudent AMU and AMR among farmers who reared different birds. The mean knowledge, attitude, and practice score of the respondents were 7.81 ± 3.26, 5.8 ± 2.32, and 7.59 ± 3.38 when measured on a scale of 12, 10, and 15, respectively. Based on a cut-off of 75% of the maximum score, 49.4% (n = 299/605), 62.8% (n = 380/605), and 12.73% (n = 77/605) of the respondents had good knowledge, attitude, and practices toward prudent AMU and AMR, respectively. The multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed that the positive predictors of good knowledge and attitude were male gender, higher level of education, district, and the types of birds (layers). Similarly, those of the male gender (OR: 3.36; 95% CI: 1.38-8.20; p = 0.008) and those that rear layers (OR: 4.63; 95% CI: 1.75-12.25; p = 0.003) were more likely to practice prudent usage of antimicrobials. The findings of this study show poor practice toward prudent antibiotic usage despite good knowledge of AMR. This study provides essential baseline data on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of poultry farmers in Nepal and offers valuable insights that could help in the design of interventions and policies aimed at addressing illicit AMU and AMR in poultry in Nepal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Subedi
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Paklihawa Campus, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuvan University, Bhairahawa 32900, Nepal; (S.J.); (S.P.); (P.S.); (U.P.); (A.G.); (R.N.)
| | - Sumit Jyoti
- Paklihawa Campus, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuvan University, Bhairahawa 32900, Nepal; (S.J.); (S.P.); (P.S.); (U.P.); (A.G.); (R.N.)
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Bhima Thapa
- Faculty of Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Fisheries, Agriculture and Forestry University, Bharatpur 44200, Nepal; (B.T.); (D.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Sanjay Paudel
- Paklihawa Campus, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuvan University, Bhairahawa 32900, Nepal; (S.J.); (S.P.); (P.S.); (U.P.); (A.G.); (R.N.)
- Faculty of Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Fisheries, Agriculture and Forestry University, Bharatpur 44200, Nepal; (B.T.); (D.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Prajjwal Shrestha
- Paklihawa Campus, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuvan University, Bhairahawa 32900, Nepal; (S.J.); (S.P.); (P.S.); (U.P.); (A.G.); (R.N.)
- Department of Agriculture, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA
| | - Deepak Sapkota
- Faculty of Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Fisheries, Agriculture and Forestry University, Bharatpur 44200, Nepal; (B.T.); (D.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Bhuwan Raj Bhatt
- Faculty of Agriculture, Far Western University, Kailali 10900, Nepal;
| | - Hari Adhikari
- Faculty of Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Fisheries, Agriculture and Forestry University, Bharatpur 44200, Nepal; (B.T.); (D.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Uddab Poudel
- Paklihawa Campus, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuvan University, Bhairahawa 32900, Nepal; (S.J.); (S.P.); (P.S.); (U.P.); (A.G.); (R.N.)
| | - Anil Gautam
- Paklihawa Campus, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuvan University, Bhairahawa 32900, Nepal; (S.J.); (S.P.); (P.S.); (U.P.); (A.G.); (R.N.)
| | - Rojina Nepal
- Paklihawa Campus, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuvan University, Bhairahawa 32900, Nepal; (S.J.); (S.P.); (P.S.); (U.P.); (A.G.); (R.N.)
| | - Ahmad I. Al-Mustapha
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria
- Department of Veterinary Services, Kwara State Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ilorin 240213, Nigeria
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Sitotaw B, Philipos W. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) on Antibiotic Use and Disposal Ways in Sidama Region, Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Survey. ScientificWorldJournal 2023; 2023:8774634. [PMID: 37546378 PMCID: PMC10397485 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8774634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance has been among the top public health threats elsewhere. Scientific information on knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) at the community level towards antibiotic use and disposal ways is a vital step for effective intervention. This study aimed at determining the levels of KAP and associated risk factors for antibiotics in and around Hawassa City, southern Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted, and data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and logistic regression were used to analyze and interpret the results. A total of 504 participants with a mean age of 35.32 ± 9.03 years were included in the study. Most of the participants were urban dwellers (59.5%); more than half (55.6%) of the participants were male; most of the participants (62.7%) were at least college graduates; about half were employed (52.4%); about 41.7% of the participants had a large family size (≥7) with a mean family size of 5.7 ± 2.7; the average family monthly income was ETB 7213.71 ± 3673, and over three-fourth (74.8%) of the study participants were married. In addition, about 83.13% of the study participants heard about antibiotics; almost all of them (99.8%) had ever used antibiotics at some point in their life (75% of which used antibiotics within 6 months), and all of them could name at least one common type of antibiotic. Moreover, most of the participants (86.5%) did not receive any training related to antibiotics, and 29.4% of them obtained antibiotics without a prescription. Most participants had poor knowledge (64%), negative attitudes (60.4%), and poor practices (55%) towards antibiotic use, resistance, and disposal methods. Significant and positive linear correlations between knowledge and attitude (r = 0.539, P ≤ 0.001), knowledge-practice (r = 0.532, P ≤ 0.001), and attitude-practice (r = 0.786, P < 0.001) were also observed. Most of the sociodemographic variables were significantly associated with the mean KAP scores of the study participants. Living in a rural area, having a large family size, and being female, married, illiterate, and farmer resulted in a very low level of knowledge. Similarly, living in a rural area, having a small family size, and being older and married resulted in a negative attitude. Furthermore, having a smaller family size, having a low family monthly income, and being married, illiterate, and self-employed resulted in poor practice. A very low level of KAP towards antibiotics among people living in and around Hawassa City calls for urgent and effective intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baye Sitotaw
- Bahir Dar University, Department of Biology, P.O. Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Workneh Philipos
- Bahir Dar University, Department of Biology, P.O. Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
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Bhat MJ, Al-Qahtani M, Badawi AS, Asiri GB, Alhmare AM, Rashid A, Altalhiyyah KS, Alwimny AA. Awareness and Knowledge of Antibiotic Resistance and Risks of Self-Medication With Antibiotics Among the Aseer Region Population, Saudi Arabia, 2023. Cureus 2023; 15:e40762. [PMID: 37485193 PMCID: PMC10361840 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotics are a groundbreaking discovery that revolutionized the treatment of infectious diseases in both humans and animals during the 20th century. However, their overuse and misuse led to serious public health threats, causing widespread concern and significant social and economic consequences. Microorganisms have a natural ability to develop resistance to antibiotics over time through genetic mechanisms, which has further exacerbated the problem. Unfortunately, in the last two decades, there has been a dearth of new antibacterial substances discovered, which has only worsened the situation. AIM This study aims to assess the awareness and knowledge of antibiotic resistance and risks of self-medication with antibiotics among the Aseer region population, Saudi Arabia 2023. METHODS An observational cross-sectional survey was conducted in Saudi Arabia targeting persons aged 18 to 80 years old living in the Aseer region, Southern of Saudi Arabia. The data were collected using a pre-structured questionnaire after an intensive literature review and expert's consultation. The questionnaire was distributed throughout the social medial channels. The study questionnaire was uploaded online till no more new cases participated and no new answers were obtained. Results: A total of 300 participants completed the study questionnaire. Participants' ages ranged from 18 to 80 years with a mean age of 31.5 ± 12.9 years old. Exactly 200 participants (66.7%) were females. As for the educational level, 209 (69.7%) had a university level of education. Two-hundred and three (67.7%) participants had an overall poor knowledge and awareness about antibiotic resistance and risks of self-medication. Also, 103 (34.3%) participants used antibiotics without prescription before and 100 (33.3%) used leftover antibiotics from a previous infection. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the current study showed that nearly one out of three participants in the Aseer region had unprescribed antibiotics. Another unsafe practice was that the same percent used leftover antibiotics from a previous infection. As for participants' knowledge of antibiotic resistance, also one-third of the respondents had good knowledge about the issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneer J Bhat
- Department of Surgery, King Khalid University, Abha, SAU
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Sullman MJM, Lajunen TJ, Baddal B, Apostolou M. Antibiotics Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviours among the Population Living in Cyprus. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050897. [PMID: 37237800 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the knowledge, attitudes and behaviours towards antibiotics among the general public living in the Republic of Cyprus (RoC) and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) by using an online questionnaire. Differences were examined using independent samples t-tests, chi-square tests, Mann-Whitney U tests and Spearman's rho. In total, 519 individuals completed the survey (RoC = 267, TRNC = 252), with an average age of 32.7, and 52.2% were female. Most citizens correctly identified paracetamol (TRNC = 93.7%, RoC = 53.9%) and ibuprofen (TRNC = 70.2%, RoC = 47.6%) as non-antibiotic medications. A substantial proportion thought antibiotics could treat viral infections, such as a cold (TRNC = 16.3%, RoC = 40.8%) or the flu (TRNC = 21.4%, RoC = 50.4%). Most participants understood that bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics (TRNC = 71.4%, RoC = 64.4%), that unnecessary use can lead to drug ineffectiveness (TRNC = 86.1%, RoC = 72.3%) and that they should always complete the course of antibiotics (TRNC = 85.7%, RoC = 64.0%). Positive attitudes towards antibiotics correlated negatively with knowledge in both samples, indicating that the more people know, the less positive their attitudes towards their use. The RoC appears to have tighter controls of over-the-counter (OTC) sales of antibiotics than TRNC. This study reveals that different communities can have varying levels of knowledge, attitudes and perceptions about antibiotic use. Tighter enforcement of the OTC regulations, educational efforts and media campaigns are needed for enhancing prudent antibiotic use on the island.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J M Sullman
- Department of Social Sciences, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia CY-1700, Cyprus
| | - Timo J Lajunen
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Buket Baddal
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia 99138, Cyprus
| | - Menelaos Apostolou
- Department of Social Sciences, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia CY-1700, Cyprus
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Collein I, Syamsu AF, Nurmalisa BE. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) About Antibiotic Use in Hemodialysis Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Their Household Contacts [Letter]. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:2475-2476. [PMID: 37131455 PMCID: PMC10149093 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s417464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Irsanty Collein
- Department of Nursing, Poltekkes Kemenkes Palu, Palu, Indonesia
- Correspondence: Irsanty Collein, Faculty of Nursing, Poltekkes Kemenkes Palu, Thalua Konchi Street Number 09, North Palu, Palu, Center Sulawesi, Indonesia, Email
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