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Li Q, Qian T, Wang H, Bai L, Long R. Environmental forcing and policy synergy: A multidimensional approach in the governance of air pollution and carbon emission. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 261:119747. [PMID: 39128666 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Policy synergies effectively contribute to the integrated management of air pollution and carbon emissions, which is crucial for safeguarding ecosystem stability and public health. This study uses the causal network model of Gaussian process regression to analyze the combined impacts of dynamic and static carbon emission reduction and air quality policies on carbon emissions and air quality. The causal effects of policy measures and their synergistic effects are also examined. The study results indicate: (1) There is significant geographical heterogeneity in the implementation of environmental policies and regional economic development, with the economically developed eastern coastal regions adopting more stringent carbon emission and air pollution control measures, while the western provinces adopt relatively lax environmental policies. (2) The synergistic effect of carbon emission reduction policies and air quality policies exists, and the two types of static policies are substitutable for managing carbon dioxide emissions and air pollution. (3) Policies' forced effect exists, where the exacerbation of environmental problems leads to the formation and implementation of policies. (4) The value added by the secondary industry is a key motivation for forming carbon emission reduction policies and air quality control policies. Additionally, the value added by the secondary industry directly impacts the incidence of respiratory diseases (e.g., tuberculosis). Finally, dynamic and synergistic policy recommendations are proposed based on the study's findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Li
- School of Business, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; The Institute for National Security and Green Development, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Tingyu Qian
- School of Business, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Econometrics and Business Statistics, Monash Busines School, Monash University, 20 Chancellors Walk, Wellington Rd, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Longhao Bai
- School of Business, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Ruyin Long
- School of Business, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; The Institute for National Security and Green Development, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China.
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2
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Yuan Q, Zhang G, Wang R, Ma X, Niu J. Does technological innovation in National Sustainable Development Agenda Innovation Demonstration Zones promote green development?-the case from Chengde City, China. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300315. [PMID: 38805430 PMCID: PMC11132516 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The National Sustainable Development Agenda Innovation Demonstration Zones (NSDAIDZs) aim to spearhead green development through scientific and technological innovation, showcasing sustainable development to other regions in China and offering valuable insights for countries worldwide. Taking Chengde City, which is one of the cities in the second batch of NSDAIDZs, as a case study, we examine the quantitative impact of technological innovation on green development. Additionally, it investigates the threshold effect of Research and development investments (R&D investments) on the relationship between technological innovation and green development. The results indicate that: (1) technological innovation has a positive promoting effect on green development, with a 1.01% increase in green development for every one unit increase in technological innovation; (2) The positive effect of technological innovation on green development becomes fully realized only when R&D investments and the upgrading of industrial structure surpass a specific threshold value. We contribute to the existing research on the connection between technological innovation and green development in innovation demonstration zones. It also provides empirical insights to foster a mutually beneficial relationship between R&D investments, industrial structure upgrading, and technological innovation, ultimately maximizing the promoting role of technological innovation in green development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Yuan
- School of Economics, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China
| | - Guofeng Zhang
- School of Economics, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China
- Research Base for Scientific-Technological Innovation and Regional Economic Sustainable Development of Hebei Province, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China
- Hebei Province Mineral Resources Development and Management and the Transformation and Upgrading of Resources Industry Soft Science Research Base, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China
| | - Ruixian Wang
- School of Economics, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- School of Earth Sciences, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China
| | - Jiangao Niu
- School of Economics, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China
- Research Base for Scientific-Technological Innovation and Regional Economic Sustainable Development of Hebei Province, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China
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3
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He J, Li T, Chen L, Gao Y. The impact of poverty alleviation policy on the industrial structure: Evidence from the Qinba Mountain contiguous poverty-stricken areas. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30151. [PMID: 38707465 PMCID: PMC11066391 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In 2015, the Chinese government issued the Decision on Poverty Alleviation(DPA), requiring poverty-stricken areas to develop local characteristic industries based on their resource endowments, to promote industrial structure diversification and industrial structure upgrading through industry-driven poverty alleviation. However, existing research lacks empirical analysis to evaluate it. Therefore, this paper takes poor counties in the Qinba Mountain contiguous poverty-stricken areas(QMCPA) as an example, using the difference in difference model and boundary effect model to evaluate whether DPA has promoted industrial structure upgrading and industrial structure diversification in poor counties. The results show that the DPA has promoted industrial structure upgrading and improved industrial structure diversification in the QMCPA. However, the effectiveness of it is not sufficient. Poor counties have failed to maintain the policy requirement of developing characteristic industries based on local natural resource endowments, leading to a decline in the degree of industrial structure diversification in the later period of the policy. This study indicates that local governments should strive to develop advantageous industries and form a division of labor and cooperation with neighboring areas, strengthen inter-regional cooperation and contact, and enhance anti-risk capabilities to avoid homogenized competition. Studying the changes in industrial structure in the QMCPA has important significance for the long-term stable development and poverty elimination of various poor areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- School of Economics and Management, Chongqing Normal University, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 401331, PR China
| | - Tingrou Li
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Chongqing University, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Lin Chen
- Administrative Office of Chongqing University, Chongqing University, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Yunwei Gao
- Faculty of Architecture, Real Estate and Construction, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
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4
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Ul-Haq J, Visas H, Hye QMA, Rehan R, Khanum S. Investigating the unparalleled effects of economic growth and high-quality economic development on energy insecurity in China: A provincial perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:22870-22884. [PMID: 38418779 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32682-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
China has changed its focus from traditional high-speed economic growth to high-quality economic development (HQED) and the implementation of environmentally friendly practices. This transition can have parallel or unparallel impacts on energy insecurity (EIS). In this regards, HQED, inter Alia, is crucial in mitigating EIS and combating the energy crisis. Our study explores the impact of economic growth (EG) and HQED on EIS using the provincial panel data of China for the period 2011-2017. From the perspective of comparative analysis, the results reveal that HQED reduces EIS while EG increases it. The robustness checks indicate that industrial structure (IS) has a negative impact on EIS, whereas industrial structure upgrading (ISU) and green innovation (GI) have a positive influence. This implies that IS contributes to an increase in EIS, whereas ISU and GI result in a decrease in EIS. In addition, the analysis reveals that digital financial inclusion (DFI) exhibits a significant positive relation with EIS, albeit occasionally a negative but insignificant link. The policy implication is that the government should stimulate policies to promote HQED which reduces the EIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabbar Ul-Haq
- Department of Economics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Hubert Visas
- School of International Trade & Economics, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, 100029, China
| | | | - Raja Rehan
- Department of Business Administration, ILMA University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sana Khanum
- Department of Economics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
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5
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Wang J, Song Z, Siddiqui F, Gui N, Zha Q. Evaluating the impact of the innovation efficiency of high-tech industry on carbon emissions: a case study of the manufacturing industry in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:20188-20206. [PMID: 38372928 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32484-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Amid China's economic shift to high-quality development, addressing environmental challenges like greenhouse gas emissions and manufacturing pollution, there is a crucial demand for sustainable and eco-friendly development strategies. This study aims to investigate the impact of innovation efficiency in the high-tech industry on carbon emissions. It seeks to explore regional differences, mechanisms, and the influence of energy consumption structures in achieving sustainable development goals. Utilizing data from 30 provinces spanning 2009 to 2020, the study employs the DEA-Malmquist index model, spatial and temporal classification evaluation, and a panel measurement model to assess the efficiency of innovation and development in high-tech industries and their relationship with carbon emissions. The results indicate several key findings: (1) The overall operational efficiency of high-tech industry innovation and development in China is steadily increasing. However, there are distinct characteristics observed among provinces and cities, reflecting diverse input and output types. (2) High-tech industry innovation efficiency significantly contributes to carbon emission reduction, and there is regional heterogeneity in this impact. The central and western regions exhibit greater effects compared to other provinces and cities. (3) The optimization of the energy structure is identified as a mechanism through which high-tech industry innovation efficiency reduces carbon emissions. Moreover, different intervals of high-tech industry innovation efficiency yield varying effects on carbon emissions. This research underscores the importance of fostering high-tech industry innovation efficiency as a means to reduce carbon emissions. It also identifies key areas for future policy development and resource allocation, emphasizing the support needed for low-carbon technology research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- School of Finance and Economics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhihui Song
- School of Finance and Economics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Faiza Siddiqui
- School of Finance and Economics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Na Gui
- School of Finance and Economics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qifen Zha
- School of Finance and Economics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
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6
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Ma X, Zhao C, Song C, Meng D, Xu M, Liu R, Yan Y, Liu Z. The impact of regional policy implementation on the decoupling of carbon emissions and economic development. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 355:120472. [PMID: 38452620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The contradiction between economic growth demands and the achievement of the "dual-carbon" goals at the regional level is a pressing issue in China. As a significant economic and cultural center in the western region of China, the Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration has experienced rapid development and urbanization, making it one of the key areas for national development. Therefore, greater attention should be given to carbon emission reduction in this region. This study focuses on the dataset from 2010 to 2019 in the Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration, utilizing an input-output table to construct a carbon dioxide emission inventory. The research investigates the impact of regional classification on carbon emission levels within the Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration. Furthermore, the Tapio decoupling analysis method is employed to assess the decoupling coefficient between regional economic development and carbon emissions. Additionally, the Theil index inequality analysis method is utilized to measure the disparities in per capita carbon emissions among cities within the region. Research findings indicate the following: 1) The regional classification of the Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration is an effective policy for reducing regional carbon emissions and promoting carbon emissions reduction. 2) There exist variations in energy and industrial structures among cities within the urban agglomeration, necessitating tailored measures for low-carbon transition based on the specific circumstances of each city. 3) The regional classification of the urban agglomeration significantly influences the degree of decoupling between economic development and carbon emissions, with a trend towards stronger decoupling. The study suggests that cities within the Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration should adopt measures aligned with their natural conditions and economic characteristics to achieve a low-carbon transition. Leveraging the regional cooperation capacity of the urban agglomeration is crucial to decouple economic development from carbon emissions, thereby promoting sustainable economic growth and environmental protection in a mutually beneficial manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Ma
- School of Economics, Northwest University of Political Science and Law, Xi'an 710122, China
| | - Congyu Zhao
- School of International Trade and Economics, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chenchen Song
- Higher Information Industry Technology Research Institute, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China.
| | - Danni Meng
- School of Economics and Management, Harbin Engineering University 150001, China
| | - Mei Xu
- School of Economics, Northwest University of Political Science and Law, Xi'an 710122, China.
| | - Ran Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yamin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Zhengguang Liu
- Eastem Institute for Advanced Study, Eastem Institute of Technology, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315200, China; Institute of the Building Environment & Sustainability Technology, School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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7
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Yan N, Sun Y, Lin S, Wang J, Wu T. The impact of high-speed rail on SO 2 emissions-based on spatial difference-in-differences analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22835. [PMID: 38129503 PMCID: PMC10739880 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49853-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
SO2 emissions have brought serious hidden danger to human health and environmental quality, thus hindering sustainable economic development. The development of high-speed rail indirectly has an important impact on SO2 emissions through its economic effects. Controlling SO2 emissions from the source has increasingly become the focus of many scholars, and it is very important to assess the environmental effects of high-speed rail on SO2 emissions reduction. We use the panel data of 285 cities in China from 2007 to 2017, and adopt the spatial Difference-in-Differences model to study the impact of the opening of high-speed rail on SO2 emissions. We also introduce an improved spatial DID model that distinguishes neighboring treatment groups and neighboring control groups to test the spatial spillover effect of high-speed rail on neighboring heterogeneous samples. We find that the opening of high-speed rail significantly reduces the city's SO2 emissions through the internal accumulation effect of technological innovation and industrial structure optimization and the urban external interaction mechanism of the cross-regional flow of production factors. Moreover, the spatial spillover effect of the opening of high-speed rail on neighboring cities is significantly positive, especially the spatial spillover effect of HSR on SO2 emissions from neighboring cities without HSR. In addition, heterogeneity analysis shows that the effect varies with the different cities' tiers and income levels. These findings are conducive to accurately assessing the environmental effects of high-speed rail, and provide important policy references for achieving sustainable development and reducing SO2 emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yan
- School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Youshuai Sun
- Xianda College of Economics and Humanities, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Shanlang Lin
- School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jingxian Wang
- School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Tuolei Wu
- School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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8
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Ding Y, Yin J, Jiang H, Xia R, Zhang B, Luo X, Wei D. A dual-core system dynamics approach for carbon emission spillover effects analysis and cross-regional policy simulation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 348:119374. [PMID: 37871547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
As carbon emission continue to rise and climate issues grow increasingly severe, countries worldwide have taken measures to reduce carbon emission. However, carbon dioxide is continuously flowing in the atmosphere and is easily influenced by neighboring cities' policies. Therefore, how to solve the problem of carbon emission spillover effect has become the key to improve policy efficiency. Cross-regional carbon governance provides a perspective on solving the carbon emission problem by regulating and guiding the cooperative behavior of cross-regional governance actors. Taking Chengdu-Chongqing area as an example, this study used the SDM to analyze the influencing factors and spatial spillover effects of emission. Then we used the system dynamics method to construct a dual-core carbon emission system, and simulated the spillover effect and emission reduction potential of Chengdu and Chongqing emission reduction policies under different policy schemes. The results reveal that the mobility of population and enterprises have a significant impact on carbon emission prediction. Carbon reduction policies exhibit the phenomena of "carbon transfer" and "free-riding." When Chengdu lowers its economic growth rate, it leads to the transfer of high energy-consuming enterprises to Chongqing, increasing carbon emission in Chongqing. The implementation of comprehensive carbon reduction policies in Chongqing has a positive effect on Chengdu. Emission reduction policies exhibit issues related to their temporal efficacy, as the effects of industrial structural policies in Chengdu yield opposite outcomes in the short and long term. Each city's unique circumstances necessitate tailored carbon reduction policies. In order to reduce carbon emissions, Chengdu and Chongqing require opposite population policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- Center for China Western Modernization, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; College of Big Data Application and Economic, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Green Fintech, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Jian Yin
- Center for China Western Modernization, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; College of Big Data Application and Economic, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Green Fintech, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Hongtao Jiang
- College of Big Data Application and Economic, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Ruici Xia
- College of Big Data Application and Economic, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Big Data Application and Economic, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Xinyuan Luo
- College of Big Data Application and Economic, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Danqi Wei
- College of Big Data Application and Economic, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
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9
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Ma Y, Zhang Z, Yang Y. Calculation of carbon emission efficiency in China and analysis of influencing factors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:111208-111220. [PMID: 37807025 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30098-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon emissions have risen in line with China's economic expansion. The key to sustainable development is finding a way to strike a balance between economic expansion and environmental protection, so improving carbon emission efficiency is vital. This paper uses provincial data from 2010 to 2020 to account for total carbon emissions using the emission factor method and obtains carbon emission efficiency data on this basis. A dynamic spatial Durbin model is then used to empirically test the possible influencing factors. The results show that, firstly, the growth rate of total carbon emissions is generally in line with the growth rate of GDP, indicating that there is no 'decoupling' in the economic system. Second, regional carbon emissions and carbon emission efficiency are not necessarily related. Thirdly, there is a clear spatial effect on carbon emission efficiency. The eastern region has the highest carbon emission efficiency, the western region has the lowest, and the northeastern and central regions have little difference in carbon emission efficiency. Further spatial and temporal migration analysis reveals that five provinces have made the migration between 2010 and 2020. Fourthly, in the short term, the direct and indirect effects of the factors affecting carbon emission efficiency are insignificant, but in the long term, most of the factors have significant direct and indirect effects on carbon emission efficiency. Finally, based on the above research findings, this paper makes policy recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ma
- School of Economics, University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ziran Zhang
- Institute of Economics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuling Yang
- Zhejiang Development and Planning Institute, Zhejiang, China
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10
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Ding Y, Yin J, Jiang H, Xia R, Zhang B, Luo X, Wei D. Dynamic simulation of carbon emission under different policy scenarios in Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:102402-102417. [PMID: 37665440 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29612-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Global climate continues to warm; by reducing carbon emission (CE) to cope with climate warming has become a global consensus. The influencing factors of CE exhibit diversification and spatial characteristics, and the complexity of the CE system poses challenges to green and low-carbon development and the realization of China's dual-carbon goals. Taking the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration as an example, this study explored the influencing factors of CE and designed emission reduction schemes with the help of multi-scale geographically weighted regression (MGWR). Based on this, the system dynamics model was used to construct a CE system framework considering multi-dimensional driving factors, so as to combine the complex CE system with the emission reduction countermeasures considering spatial heterogeneity, and realize the dynamic simulation of CE reduction policies. The results showed that the urban agglomeration as a whole will reach carbon peak by 2025. Shenzhen, Zhuhai, and Dongguan have achieved carbon peak before 2020, while other cities will reach carbon peak by 2025-2030. The government policy constraints can effectively curb CE, but if government constraints were relaxed, CE will rise and individual cities will not reach carbon peak. Comprehensive CE reduction policies are better than a single CE reduction policy. The study found that this model framework provides a systematic analysis of carbon reduction strategies for urban agglomerations, offering decision-makers various combinations of economic development and green low-carbon objectives. This will further contribute to a multi-faceted mitigation of high emission in urban agglomeration and promote regional sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- Center for China Western Modernization, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, University City, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- College of Big Data Application and Economic, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Fintech, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jian Yin
- Center for China Western Modernization, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, University City, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
- College of Big Data Application and Economic, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Green Fintech, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Hongtao Jiang
- College of Big Data Application and Economic, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Ruici Xia
- College of Big Data Application and Economic, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Big Data Application and Economic, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Xinyuan Luo
- College of Big Data Application and Economic, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Danqi Wei
- College of Big Data Application and Economic, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
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11
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Xiong X, Wang Y, Liu B, He W, Yu X. The impact of green finance on the optimization of industrial structure: Evidence from China. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289844. [PMID: 37561725 PMCID: PMC10414595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Green finance promotes the optimization of industrial structure and continuous improvement of ecological environment by supporting the development of green industries. Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2012 to 2020, this paper uses the entropy weight TOPSIS method to measure the development level of green finance and the level of industrial structure optimization in China, and constructs a panel data model to empirically test the impact of green finance on the upgrading of China's industrial structure. The study finds that there is still an imbalance and insufficiency in the development of green finance and industrial structure optimization in China. From 2012 to 2020, the development level of green finance and the level of industrial structure optimization in China have been continuously rising, but there is obvious heterogeneity, showing an eastern>central>western spatial pattern. Empirical analysis results show that at the significance level of 1‰, the development of green finance has a significant promoting effect on the rationalization and upgrading of the industrial structure. However, there is significant heterogeneity in the impact of green finance on industrial structure optimization. In terms of regional heterogeneity, at the significance level of 1‰, the role of green finance in promoting the optimization of industrial structure in central and western China is higher than that in eastern China, and the impact of green finance on China's industrial structure shows a spatial pattern of western>central>eastern China. In terms of industry heterogeneity, at the significance level of 1‰, green finance has a significant promoting effect on the development of green industries, and a significant inhibiting effect on the development of high-energy-consuming industries. Specifically, in the green industry, green finance has the greatest promoting effect on the communication and other electronic equipment manufacturing industry; in the high-energy-consuming industry, green finance has the greatest inhibiting effect on the black metal smelting and rolling processing industry, and the smallest impact on the petroleum, coal and other fuel processing industry. Finally, based on this, policy suggestions for green finance to support the optimization of industrial structure are proposed from two dimensions: government and financial institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Xiong
- Research Center for Economy of Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China
- School of Economics, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuxing Wang
- Research Center for Economy of Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China
- School of Economics, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Research Center for Economy of Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China
- School of Economics, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenhong He
- Research Center for Economy of Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinghou Yu
- Research Center for Economy of Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China
- School of Economics, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China
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12
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Lian W, Sun X, Xing W, Gao T, Duan H. Coordinated development and driving factor heterogeneity of different types of urban agglomeration carbon emissions in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:35034-35053. [PMID: 36522575 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24679-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbon emission (CE) reduction has become the primary task of China's urban agglomerations (UAs) in achieving sustainable development goals. This paper uses a decoupling model and coupling coordination model to measure the relationship between the development levels of different types of UAs and CEs in China from 2004 to 2016. Concurrently, the geographically and temporally weighted regression model is used to explore the spatial heterogeneity of the impact of different driving factors on the CEs of UAs. The results show the following: Most UAs have the potential to further decouple CEs and economic growth. Most UAs are still in coordinated development (> 0.5). Among the service innovation UAs, the Yangtze River Delta UA has a coupling coordination of less than 0.3, while the Pearl River Delta UA has a coupling coordination of more than 0.8, showing polarization. Manufacturing and resource-based UAs are still in the grinding adaptation stage (0.5-0.8). There are apparent spatiotemporal differences in the impacts of various driving factors on the CE of UAs. The level of land urbanization and investment in fixed assets promote CEs. However, the level of population urbanization and industrial structure restrain CEs. Therefore, reducing land development and industrial transformation can be an effective means to reduce CEs in UAs. These findings will provide extensive insights for different UAs to achieve differentiated low-carbon development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Lian
- School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, 100037, China
- Research Center for Strategy of Global Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, 100037, China.
- Research Center for Strategy of Global Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, 100037, China.
| | - Wanli Xing
- Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, 100037, China
- Research Center for Strategy of Global Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Tianming Gao
- Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, 100037, China
- Research Center for Strategy of Global Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Hongmei Duan
- School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation, Beijing, 100710, China
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13
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Yang X, Zhang J, Bi L, Jiang Y. Does China's Carbon Trading Pilot Policy Reduce Carbon Emissions? Empirical Analysis from 285 Cities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4421. [PMID: 36901431 PMCID: PMC10002236 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This article studies the influence of the Carbon Trading Pilot Policy (CTPP) on carbon emissions by constructing the balanced panel data from 2003 to 2020 for 285 cities in China above the prefecture level. Difference-in-Difference (DID) method is used to test the influence and the mechanism. (1) The findings suggested that CTPP has dramatically reduced China's carbon emissions by 6.21%. The parallel trend test shows that the premise of DID is reliable. (2) A variety of robustness tests, such as the instrumental variable method for endogeneity, Propensity Score Matching (PSM) for sample selection bias, variable substitution, time-bandwidth change, and exclusion of policy intervention, show that the conclusion is still robust. (3) The mediation mechanism test indicates that CTPP can promote the reduction in carbon emissions by promoting Green Consumption Transformation (GCT), improving Ecological Efficiency (EE), and promoting Industrial Structure Upgrading (ISU). GCT contributes the most, followed by EE and ISU. (4) The analysis of the heterogeneity reveals that CTPP has a greater effect on carbon emission reduction in central and peripheral cities in China. This study provides policy implications for China and similar developing countries in the face of carbon reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Yang
- School of Business, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an 343009, China
| | - Jiaping Zhang
- School of Public Administration, Faculty of Economics and Management, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Lehua Bi
- School of Economics, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Xingjian School of Science & Liberal Arts, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yiming Jiang
- School of Business, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an 343009, China
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14
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Yang Y, Gu R, Ma S, Chen W. How does digital technology empower urban green development efficiency in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region-mechanism analysis and spatial effects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:31471-31488. [PMID: 36449244 PMCID: PMC9713078 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24368-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Under the strategy of "Digital China" and "Sustainable Development," the synergistic development of digital economy and green economy has become a crucial topic. Based on the panel data of 13 cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region from 2011 to 2019, this study investigates the direct effect, intrinsic mechanism, and spatial spillover effect of digital technology development (DTD) on urban green development efficiency (GDE). The empirical results show that (1) DTD significantly improves urban GDE in the BTH region, and it passes the endogeneity test, (2) DTD can enhance urban GDE by improving the environmental regulation intensity and technological innovation level in the BTH region; however, the industrial structure optimization weakens the promotion effect of DTD on urban GDE in the BTH region, which shows a "masking effect," (3) the kernel density estimation method and ArcGIS technology reveal the existence of "digital divide" and GDE differences among cities in the BTH region. Moreover, the spatial distribution pattern of DTD gradually forms "H-H" and "L-L" clusters in the BTH region, and (4) DTD also increases the GDE of neighboring cities through spatial spillover effects in the BTH region, and it passes the robustness test of replacing the spatial weight matrix. This study is important for the BTH region to simultaneously solve economic development and environmental problems in the context of digitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Yang
- School of Management, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384 China
| | - Runde Gu
- School of Management, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384 China
| | - Shengbin Ma
- Department of Construction Management, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024 China
| | - Weike Chen
- School of Management, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384 China
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15
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Impact of digital economy development on carbon emission intensity in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region: a mechanism analysis based on industrial structure optimization and green innovation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:41644-41664. [PMID: 36637645 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25140-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Under the "Digital China" strategy and "Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality" goal, it is significant to explore the carbon reduction effect from the digital economy development in a multi-dimensional way. Based on the panel data of 13 cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region from 2011 to 2019, this study uses mechanism test model, threshold effect model, and spatial Durbin model which empirically test the influence mechanism and spatial spillover effect of digital economy development on regional CEI. The research found that (1) the digital economy development in the BTH region can reduce regional CEI, and it passes the endogenous test; (2) the digital economy indexes of 13 cities in the BTH region have significantly increased with time evolution, but there is obvious spatial unevenness; the CEI of each city except Tianjin decreases significantly with time evolution, and Tianjin shows a trend of decreasing and then increasing; (3) digital economy has a positive spatial correlation, showing the characteristics of "H-H" and "L-L" clustering. Furthermore, the digital economy has a spatial spillover effect on the CEI of neighboring cities; (4) the digital economy development can promote the industrial structure rationalization and upgrade, improves the urban green innovation quantity and quality, then reduces the regional CEI through them; and (5) the impact strength of digital economy on CEI varies at different threshold intervals of the mechanism variable.
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16
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Yan B, Yao B, Zhang C. Industrial structure, high-quality development of logistics industry and the economy. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285229. [PMID: 37195984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The logistics industry is closely related to the high-quality economic development. At different levels of industrial structure, the relationship between high-quality development of the logistics industry and the high-quality economic development will vary, resulting in different roles and paths in promoting economic development. However, there is still a lack of research on the relationship between high-quality development of the logistics industry and high-quality economic development at different levels of industrial structure, and further empirical research is needed. It used the benchmark regression model to analyze the impact of the high-quality development of the logistics industry on high-quality economic development, and the panel threshold model was used to analyze the impact of the logistics industry on high-quality economic development at different levels of industrial structure development. The results show that the high-quality development of the logistics industry has a positive role in promoting the high-quality economic development, and in different levels of industrial structure development, the impact of high-quality development level of logistics industry on the high-quality economic development is different. Therefore, it is necessary to further optimize the industrial structure, promote the deep integration and development of logistics and related industries, and continue to promote the high-quality development of the logistics industry. And when formulating development strategies for the logistics industry, governments and enterprises need to consider factors such as changes in industrial structure, the overall goals of national economy, people's livelihood, and social development, in order to provide solid support for achieving high-quality economic development. This paper demonstrates the importance of high-quality development of the logistics industry in high-quality economic development, and it encourages the adoption of different strategies at different stages of industrial structure development to promote high-quality development of the logistics industry, and achieve high-quality economic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borui Yan
- School of Economics and Management, Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang, China
| | - Bo Yao
- School of Economics and Management, Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang, China
| | - Chenjing Zhang
- School of Economics and Management, Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang, China
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17
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Wang J, Yu S, Li M, Cheng Y, Wang C. Study of the Impact of Industrial Restructuring on the Spatial and Temporal Evolution of Carbon Emission Intensity in Chinese Provinces-Analysis of Mediating Effects Based on Technological Innovation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13401. [PMID: 36293978 PMCID: PMC9602651 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Global warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions seriously threatens a region's sustainable environmental and socioeconomic development. Promoting industrial restructuring and strengthening technological innovation have become an important path to achieving pollution and carbon reduction as well as the green transformation of economic structure. This paper explored the mechanism of the mediating effect of technological innovation on industrial restructuring and carbon reduction while accounting for the direct effect of industrial restructuring on carbon emissions. Then, based on China's provincial panel data from 2001 to 2019, we estimated the carbon emission intensity using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)'s methods and analyzed its spatiotemporal evolution characteristics. Finally, we constructed a fixed-effect model and a mediating effect model to empirically analyze how industrial restructuring and technological innovation affect carbon emission intensity. The results are as follows: (1) From 2001 to 2019, China's carbon emission intensity showed a continuous downward trend, with a pronounced convergence trend; there were obvious differences in carbon emission intensity between eastern, central, and western regions (western region > central region > eastern region) due to the unbalanced industrial structure. (2) In terms of direct effects, industrial restructuring can significantly reduce carbon emission intensity. The intensity of the effect is inversely proportional to the level of industrial restructuring, and the results of sub-regional tests are similar. Nevertheless, there is an obvious regional difference in the size of the carbon emission reduction effect of industrial restructuring in the east, central, and western regions. (3) In terms of indirect effects, industrial restructuring can reduce carbon emission intensity by enhancing technological innovation, and it acts as a mediating variable in the process of industrial restructuring to reduce carbon emission. Finally, we put forward recommendations for promoting industrial restructuring, strengthening green technological innovation, and properly formulating carbon reduction measures to provide a reference for countries and regions to achieve the goals of carbon neutrality, carbon peaking, and high-quality economic development.
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18
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Dong X, Chen Y, Zhuang Q, Yang Y, Zhao X. Agglomeration of Productive Services, Industrial Structure Upgrading and Green Total Factor Productivity: An Empirical Analysis Based on 68 Prefectural-Level-and-Above Cities in the Yellow River Basin of China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191811643. [PMID: 36141924 PMCID: PMC9517378 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Improving green total factor productivity (GTFP) is the inherent requirement for practicing the philosophy of green development and achieving regional high-quality development. Based on panel data for 68 prefectural-level-and-above cities in the Yellow River Basin of China from 2006 to 2019, we measured their GTFPs and degrees of productive-services agglomeration using the non-radial directional distance function and industrial agglomeration index formulas, respectively. Furthermore, we empirically investigated the interactive relationship between agglomeration of productive services, industrial-structure upgrading, and GTFP using the dual fixed-effects model, the mediating-effect model, and the moderating-effect model. The findings were as follows. (1) Both specialized and diversified agglomeration of productive services significantly improved the GTFPs of cities in the Yellow River Basin, and the promoting effect of specialized agglomeration was stronger than that of diversified agglomeration. (2) The diversified agglomeration of productive services (hereinafter referred to as diversified agglomeration) made a significant contribution to GTFP in all sample cities of the Yellow River Basin, while the specialized agglomeration of productive services (hereinafter referred to as specialized agglomeration) only significantly improved GTFP in the upstream cities and had no significant effect on the midstream and downstream cities. (3) When examined according to city size, specialized agglomeration was found to have a positive impact on the GTFPs of small and medium-sized cities in the Yellow River Basin but a non-significant negative impact on large cities, while the effect of diversified agglomeration on GTFP was found not to be significant. (4) Industrial-structure upgrading played partially mediating and negative moderating roles in the process of specialized agglomeration affecting the GTFPs of cities in the Yellow River Basin, but it did not become a mediating channel and moderating factor that influenced diversified agglomeration in relation to GTFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Dong
- School of Economics, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yang Chen
- School of Economics, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Qinqin Zhuang
- Institute of Quantitative and Technical Economics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing 100732, China
| | - Yali Yang
- School of Information Management, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhao
- School of Economics and Business Administration, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Correspondence:
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19
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Liu Y, Tang L, Liu G. Carbon Dioxide Emissions Reduction through Technological Innovation: Empirical Evidence from Chinese Provinces. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159543. [PMID: 35954894 PMCID: PMC9368629 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Energy consumption and industrial activities are the primary sources of carbon emissions. As the “world’s factory” and the largest carbon emitter, China has been emphasizing the core role of technological innovation in promoting industrial structure upgrades (ISU) and energy efficiency (EE) to reduce carbon emissions from industrial production and energy consumption. This study investigated the mechanism (through ISU and EE) and spillover effect of technological innovation on carbon emission reduction using the panel dataset of 30 Chinese provinces from 2008 to 2019 and spatial econometrics models. The study concluded that (1) technological innovation had a negative direct effect on provincial carbon emissions, while it also showed a spatial spillover effect on neighboring provinces; (2) technological innovation had an indirect effect on provincial carbon emissions reduction through the mediation of energy efficiency improvement, while the mediation effect of industrial structure upgrading is not yet significant; and (3) the effect of technological innovation on carbon emission reduction showed heterogeneity in the eastern, central, and western regions of China. This study provided empirical and theoretical references to decision-makers in China and other developing countries in promoting technological and carbon control policies. More specifically, direct technology investment and indirect investment in industrial structure upgrades and energy efficiency could help with regional carbon emissions reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanran Liu
- Shanghai International College of Intellectual Property, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;
| | - Lei Tang
- School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;
- Correspondence:
| | - Guangfu Liu
- School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;
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