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Panascì M, Ferrando V, Pileri A, Pierantozzi E, LA Torre A, Franchini E, Ruggeri P, Bonato M, Faelli E. Short intermittent taekwondo test to assess athlete's physiological and metabolic profile. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2024; 64:255-264. [PMID: 37987711 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.23.14972-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a new Short Intermittent Taekwondo Test (SITT) in 17 black belt athletes. METHODS Maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max), carbon dioxide production (V̇CO2), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), heart rate (HR), and blood lactate concentration [La]+ during treadmill cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and SITT were compared. SITT started with 10 sec of all-out kicks, alternating legs, and progressively increasing 5 s on each stage until the 4th stage. After the 4th stage the participants performed 25 s of turning kicks (Dolleo chagi), on each stage until the last (10th stage). The passive recovery phase after the 4th and the 7th stage lasted 30 s. RESULTS V̇O2max and maximal HRmax were not significantly different (P=0.85 vs. P=0.76) between tests, while RER and [La]+ were significantly higher in SITT than in CPET (P=0.002 vs. P=0.001). No difference in RPE (P=0.84) was found. A significant positive correlation between two tests for V̇O2max and HRmax was found. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that SITT induces physiological responses like CPET suggesting that it can be used to assess aerobic power in national taekwondo athletes, thus helping coaches to select correctly training intensities and monitor athletes' aerobic performance along the training phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Panascì
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Centro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Vittoria Ferrando
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Centro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pileri
- Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), Lecco, Italy
| | - Emanuela Pierantozzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonio LA Torre
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Emerson Franchini
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Martial Arts and Combat Sports Research Group, Sport Department, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Piero Ruggeri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Centro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Bonato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy -
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Faelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Centro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Luo X, Zhang D, Yu W. Uniform Homeostatic Stress Through Individualized Interval Training Facilitates Homogeneous Adaptations Across Rowers With Different Profiles. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2024; 19:232-241. [PMID: 38168020 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2023-0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study compared the effects of individualizing supramaximal interval rowing interventions using anaerobic power reserve (APR [high-intensity interval training (HIIT) prescribed according to individual APR (HIITAPR)]) and power associated with maximal oxygen uptake (WV˙O2max [HIIT prescribed based on the individual WV˙O2max (HIITW)]) on the homogeneity of physiological and performance adaptations. METHODS Twenty-four well-trained rowers (age 24.8 [4.3] y, stature 182.5 [3] cm, body mass 86.1 [4.3]) were randomized into interventions consisting of 4 × 30-second intervals at 130%APR (WV˙O2max + 0.3 × maximal sprint power) with weekly progression by increasing the number of repetitions per set (5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, from first to sixth session) and the same sets and repetitions with the intensity described as 130% WV˙O2max. The work-to-recovery ratio was 1:1 for repetitions and 3 minutes between sets. Responses of aerobic fitness indices, power output, cardiac hemodynamics, locomotor abilities, and time-trial performance were examined. RESULTS Both HIITAPR and HIITW interventions significantly improved V˙O2max, lactate threshold, cardiac hemodynamics, and 2000-m performance, with no between-groups difference in changes over time. However, HIITAPR resulted in a lower interindividual variability in adaptations in V˙O2max and related physiological parameters, but this is not the case for athletic performance, which can depend on a multitude of factors beyond physiological parameters. CONCLUSIONS Results demonstrated that expressing supramaximal interval intensity as a proportion of APR facilitates imposing the same degrees of homeostatic stress and leads to more homogeneous physiological adaptations in maximal variables when compared to prescribing a supramaximal HIIT intervention using WV˙O2max. However, lower interindividual variability would be seen in submaximal variables if HIIT interventions were prescribed using WV˙O2max.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Luo
- College of Physical Education, Chengdu University, Sichuan, China
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- College of Physical Education, Huanggang Normal University, Hubei, China
| | - Wenlu Yu
- College of Physical Education, Chengdu University, Sichuan, China
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Penichet-Tomas A, Jimenez-Olmedo JM, Pueo B, Olaya-Cuartero J. Physiological and Mechanical Responses to a Graded Exercise Test in Traditional Rowing. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3664. [PMID: 36834359 PMCID: PMC9964125 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Maximum oxygen consumption and maximum power output are critical measures for training prescription in endurance sports such as rowing. The objective of this investigation was twofold: to compare the physiological and mechanical responses of female and male traditional rowers during a graded exercise test and to establish reference values in this specific rowing modality that have not yet been documented, unlike in Olympic rowing. Twenty-one highly trained/national level rowers participated in the study: 11 female (age: 30.1 ± 10.6 years, height: 167.3 ± 5.0 cm, body mass: 61.9 ± 4.9 kg) and 10 males (age: 33.5 ± 6.6 years, height: 180.8 ± 6.9 cm, body mass: 74.4 ± 6.9 kg). Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found in rowing performance between sexes, with a very large effect size (d = 7.2). The peak power output for the female rowers was 180.9 ± 11.4 W and 287.0 ± 17.7 W for the male rowers. The female rowers reached a VO2max of 51.2 ± 6.6 mL/kg/min at a mean of 174.5 ± 12.9 W, while the males' VO2max was 62.1 ± 4.7 mL/kg/min at a mean of 280.0 ± 20.5 W. These differences in VO2max and maximal aerobic capacity were significant (p < 0.05), with a large (d = 1.9) and very large (d = 6.2) effect size, respectively. A moderate association between VO2max, and rowing performance expressed in watts per kilogram of muscle mass was observed in the female rowers (r = 0.40, p = 0.228). For the male rowers, the correlation between VO2max and relative peak power output in watts per kilogram of body mass was strong (r = 0.68; p = 0.031). This study highlights the differences in the kinetics of ventilatory and mechanical parameters between female and male rowers and the importance of these differences for specific physical preparation in traditional rowing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose M. Jimenez-Olmedo
- Research Group in Health, Physical Activity, and Sports Technology (Health-Tech), Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
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Silva MO, Santos TM, Inoue A, Santos LER, de Lima do Nascimento Anastácio W, Lattari E, Oliveira BRR. Is There a Dose-Response Relationship between High-Intensity Interval Exercise (HIIE) Intensity and Affective Valence? Analysis of Three HIIE Sessions Performed with Different Amplitudes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2698. [PMID: 36768063 PMCID: PMC9916007 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The inverse relationship between exercise intensity and affective valence is well established for continuous exercise but not for high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE). The objective was to verify the dose-response relationship between exercise intensity and affective valence in HIIE sessions. Eleven young men underwent a vigorous-intensity continuous exercise (VICE) and three HIIE sessions at the same average intensity (70% of peak power-WPeak) and duration (20 min) but with different amplitudes: 10 × [1 min at 90% WPeak/1 min at 50% WPeak]-HIIE-90/50; 10 × [1 min at 100% WPeak/1 min at 40% WPeak]-HIIE-100/40; 10 × [1 min at 110% WPeak/1 min at 30% WPeak]-HIIE-110/30. During the exercise sessions, psychophysiological variables were recorded (VO2, VCO2, heart rate, perceived exertion CR10, and Feeling Scale (FS)). Higher correlations were found between CR10 and FS for all conditions (VICE = -0.987; HIIE-90/50 = -0.873; HIIE-100/40 = -0.908; HIIE-110/30 = -0.948). Regarding the physiological variables, the %HRMax presented moderate inverse correlations with FS for all exercise conditions (VICE = -0.867; HIIE-90/50 = -0.818; HIIE-100/40 = -0.837; HIIE-110/30 = -0.828) while the respiratory variables (%VO2Peak and %VCO2Peak) presented low-to-moderate correlations only for VICE, HIIE-90/50, and HIIE-100/40 (ranging from -0.523 to -0.805). Poor correlations were observed between the %VO2Peak (r = -0.293) and %VCO2Peak (r = -0.020) with FS. The results indicated that perceived exertion is more sensible than physiological variables to explain the intensity-affective valence relationship in HIIE sessions. RPE should be used for HIIE prescription with a focus on affect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Oliveira Silva
- Exercise and Sport Sciences Postgraduate Program, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tony Meireles Santos
- Physical Education Department, Pernambuco Federal University, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil
| | - Allan Inoue
- Exercise and Sport Sciences Postgraduate Program, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eduardo Lattari
- Physical Activity Sciences Postgraduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University (UNIVERSO), Niterói 24030-060, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bruno Ribeiro Ramalho Oliveira
- Exercise and Sport Sciences Postgraduate Program, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, RJ, Brazil
- Physical Activity Sciences Postgraduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University (UNIVERSO), Niterói 24030-060, RJ, Brazil
- Physical Education and Sports Department, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica 23890-000, RJ, Brazil
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Wang X, Zhao L. Adaptive responses of cardiorespiratory system and hormonal parameters to individualized high-intensity interval training using anaerobic power reserve in well-trained rowers. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1177108. [PMID: 37168222 PMCID: PMC10164958 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1177108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated the efficacy of individualizing exercise intensity according to anaerobic power reserve (APR) on hormonal, physiological, and performance adaptations in athletes with different profiles. Sixteen highly-trained male rowers (age = 22 ± 3 years, height = 183 ± 6 cm, weight = 83 ± 7 kg, body fat = 11 ± 2%, experience = 12 ± 5 years) were randomized to a high-intensity interval training consisting of 2 × (6, 6, 8, 8, 10, 10 repetitions from 1st to 6th week, respectively) × 60 s intervals using a rowing ergometer at ∆%30 APR (APR∆%30) or the same sets and repetitions at 130% maximal aerobic power (MAP130%). In both groups, relief intervals were set at 1:1 with 3 min of rest between sets. On four occasions separated by 24 h recovery, participants attended the laboratory to assess 2000-m rowing ergometer performance, maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) and related physiological adaptations, and hormonal parameters. Significant increases were observed in 2000-m performance, V̇O2max, ventilation at V̇O2max, first and second ventilatory threshold, MAP and maximal sprinting power (MSP), total testosterone, and testosterone to cortisol ratio in response to 6 weeks of APR∆%30 and MAP130% protocols. The coefficient of variation (inter-subject variability) in the adaptive response of cardiorespiratory parameters to HIIT performed using the APR∆%30 protocol was lower than those of the MAP130% group. However, this is not the case for hormonal changes. Prescribing HIIT based on an athlete's APR may help to create a more consistent level of the mechanical and physiological stimulus relative to the athlete's capacity, potentially leading to more similar adaptations across athletes with varying profiles. Mechanisms influencing total testosterone are multifactorial and are not affected by this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wang
- School of Physical Education, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Liqiu Zhao
- Department of Quality Education, Jiangsu Vocational College of Electronics and Information, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Liqiu Zhao,
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