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Alves-Costa S, de Souza BF, Rodrigues FA, Ferraro AA, Nascimento GG, Leite FRM, Ladeira LLC, Batista RFL, Thomaz EBAF, Alves CMC, Ribeiro CCC. High free sugars, insulin resistance, and low socioeconomic indicators: the hubs in the complex network of non-communicable diseases in adolescents. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:235. [PMID: 39342282 PMCID: PMC11437919 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01469-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) predominantly affect adults, but pathophysiological changes begin decades earlier, as a continuum, with initial events apparent in adolescence. Hence, early identification and intervention are crucial for the prevention and management of NCDs. We investigated the complex network of socioeconomic, behavioral, and metabolic factors associated with the presence of NCD in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study nested within the São Luís segment of the Ribeirão Preto, Pelotas, and São Luís (RPS) cohort's consortium, focusing on 18-19-year-olds (n = 2515). Data were collected prospectively, from which we constructed a complex network with NCD-related factors/indicators as nodes and their co-occurrences as edges. General and sex-based models analyzed: socioeconomic status, behavioral (smoking, alcohol, and other drugs use, unhealthy diet, poor sleep, physical inactivity), and metabolic factors (overweight/obesity, elevated blood pressure, poor lipid profile). We also looked for NCDs in adolescence like asthma, abnormal spirometry, depression, suicide risk, and poor oral health. The network was characterized by degree, betweenness, eigenvector, local transitivity, Shannon entropy, and cluster coefficient. RESULTS The adolescents had an average age of 18.3 years, 52.3% were female and 47.7% male. 99.8% of them have a diet rich in free sugars, 15% are overweight/obese and 72.3% had an elevated TyG index. High free sugar emerged as the central hub, followed by high TyG index (an early marker of insulin resistance) and low socioeconomic class. In males, low fiber intake and a high triglycerides/HDL ratio highlighted cardiometabolic concerns; in females, sedentary behavior and poor sleep marked metabolic and psychological challenges, along with caries in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide insights into central health challenges during adolescence, such as high free sugars, insulin resistance, and low socioeconomic indicators, suggesting that interventions targeted at these central hubs could have a significant impact on their NCD network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silas Alves-Costa
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Bruno Feres de Souza
- Graduate Program in Computer Science, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gustavo G Nascimento
- National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Oral Health Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fabio R M Leite
- National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Oral Health Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lorena Lúcia Costa Ladeira
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | | | - Erika Bárbara Abreu Fonseca Thomaz
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966, São Luís, MA, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Claudia Maria Coelho Alves
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966, São Luís, MA, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Cecilia Claudia Costa Ribeiro
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
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2
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Faienza MF, Cognetti E, Farella I, Antonioli A, Tini S, Antoniotti V, Prodam F. Dietary fructose: from uric acid to a metabolic switch in pediatric metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-16. [PMID: 39157959 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2392150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Fructose consumption in pediatric subjects is rising, as the prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Despite increasing evidence supporting the detrimental effects of fructose in the development of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and its related comorbidities, the association between fructose intake and liver disease remains unclear, mainly in youths. The current narrative review aims to illustrate the correlation between fructose metabolism and liver functions besides its impact on obesity and MASLD in pediatrics. Fructose metabolism is involved in the liver through the classical lipogenic pathway via de novo lipogenesis (DNL) or in the alternative pathway via uric acid accumulation. Hyperuricemia is one of the main features of MALSD patients, underlining how uric acid is growing interest as a new marker of disease. Observational and interventional studies conducted in children and adolescents, who consumed large amounts of fructose and glucose in their diet, were included. Most of these studies emphasized the association between high fructose intake and weight gain, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and MASLD/MASH, even in normal-weight children. Conversely, reducing fructose intake ameliorates liver fat accumulation, lipid profile, and weight. In conclusion, fructose seems a potent inducer of both insulin resistance and hepatic fat accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Felicia Faienza
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cognetti
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Farella
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Clinica Medica "A. Murri", University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | | | - Sabrina Tini
- Department of Health Science, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Flavia Prodam
- Department of Health Science, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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Ferreira RM, Ferron FVF, Borges VTM, Peraçoli JC, Ferron AJT, Roscani MG, Hueb JC, Bazan R, Martin LC, Bazan SGZ. Association of cardiovascular risk factors and myocardial hypertrophy in women with preeclampsia history. Life Sci 2024; 346:122646. [PMID: 38614304 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
AIMS A historic of preeclampsia (PE) has been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women. There are substantial evidences that cardiovascular changes resulting from PE can persist even after pregnancy end. Therefore, the aims was to evaluate the prevalence of myocardial hypertrophy in young women 12 months after PE event as well as try to identify risk factors for these changes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Single-center observational prospective cross-sectional study that included 118 consecutive patients after 12 months of PE. Clinical and laboratory evaluations, echocardiogram were performed. Myocardial hypertrophy (LVH) was defined as an index myocardial mass ≥ 45 g/m2.7, for women. Classical risk factors for CVD were considered. Analysis included linear or logistic regression and Spearman's correlation coefficient. Significance level of 5 %. KEY FINDINGS Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) was identified in 52 patients (44 %), overweight/obesity (OOB) in 82 (69 %), dyslipidemia in 68 (57 %) and metabolic syndrome in 47 patients (40 %). LVH was present in 35 cases (29 %) and associated with OOB (OR = 4.51; CI95%:1.18-17.17, p < 0.001), in a model corrected for age and SAH diagnosis. When only the metabolic syndrome components were analyzed, in the multiple logistic regression model, the abdominal circumference was the only clinical variable associated with LVH (OR = 17.65; CI95%:3.70-84.17; p < 0.001). SIGNIFICANCE It was observed a high prevalence of ventricular hypertrophy in young women with a history of pre-eclampsia. This condition was associated with the presence of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Mattos Ferreira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School-UNESP, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Carlos Peraçoli
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School - UNESP, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Artur Junio Togneri Ferron
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School-UNESP, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Meliza Goi Roscani
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Carlos-UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - João Carlos Hueb
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School-UNESP, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Bazan
- Department of Neurology, Botucatu Medical School-UNESP, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Luis Cuadrado Martin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School-UNESP, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Silméia Garcia Zanati Bazan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School-UNESP, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil.
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Calcaterra V, Mannarino S, Garella V, Rossi V, Biganzoli EM, Zuccotti G. Cardiovascular Risk in Pediatrics: A Dynamic Process during the First 1000 Days of Life. Pediatr Rep 2023; 15:636-659. [PMID: 37987283 PMCID: PMC10661305 DOI: 10.3390/pediatric15040058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The early childhood period, encompassing prenatal and early stages, assumes a pivotal role in shaping cardiovascular risk factors. We conducted a narrative review, presenting a non-systematic summation and analysis of the available literature, focusing on cardiovascular risk from prenatal development to the first 1000 days of life. Elements such as maternal health, genetic predisposition, inadequate fetal nutrition, and rapid postnatal growth contribute to this risk. Specifically, maternal obesity and antibiotic use during pregnancy can influence transgenerational risk factors. Conditions at birth, such as fetal growth restriction and low birth weight, set the stage for potential cardiovascular challenges. To consider cardiovascular risk in early childhood as a dynamic process is useful when adopting a personalized prevention for future healthcare and providing recommendations for management throughout their journey from infancy to early adulthood. A comprehensive approach is paramount in addressing early childhood cardiovascular risks. By targeting critical periods and implementing preventive strategies, healthcare professionals and policymakers can pave the way for improved cardiovascular outcomes. Investing in children's health during their early years holds the key to alleviating the burden of cardiovascular diseases for future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Savina Mannarino
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Vittoria Garella
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Virginia Rossi
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Elia Mario Biganzoli
- Medical Statistics Unit, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University Hospital, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
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Rababa'h AM, Ababneh M, Abedalqader NN, Altarabsheh SE. Knowledge, awareness, and attitude among pharmacists regarding the risk estimation of cardiovascular disease in Jordan: Immersion of lipid-lowering agents. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19288. [PMID: 37674836 PMCID: PMC10477471 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Risk Estimation of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is an important factor for predicting the incidence of cardiovascular events in a given population. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, awareness, and attitude of pharmacists in Jordan regarding the risk estimation of CVD and the use of lipid-lowering agents. The study is particularly interested in investigating the extent to which pharmacists are immersed in this area of practice, which can significantly impact patient health outcomes. The study employed a cross-sectional design, with a sample of pharmacists drawn from various regions in Jordan. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire, which was designed to explore pharmacists' knowledge of CVD risk estimation tools and their awareness of lipid-lowering agents' efficacy and side effects. The questionnaire also assessed pharmacists' attitudes towards the use of these agents in practice and their perceptions of the barriers to implementing CVD risk estimation tools. The study's findings shed light on the suboptimal levels of overall knowledge score of pharmacists in Jordan regarding CVD risk estimation and lipid-lowering agents' use. The results provided insights into the gaps that exist in pharmacists' knowledge and practice and help to identify areas for improvement. Ultimately, the present findings inform strategies to enhance pharmacists' engagement in CVD risk estimation and improve patient outcomes in Jordan and highlight the urgent need for ongoing education and training for pharmacists to improve their knowledge and skills in managing patients with dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer M. Rababa'h
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Mera Ababneh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Nour N. Abedalqader
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Salah Eldien Altarabsheh
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
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Di Bonito P, Valerio G, Licenziati MR, Corica D, Wasniewska M, Di Sessa A, Miraglia del Giudice E, Morandi A, Maffeis C, Mozzillo E, Calcaterra V, Franco F, Maltoni G, Faienza MF. One-Hour Post-Load Plasma Glucose and Altered Glucometabolic Profile in Youths with Overweight or Obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5961. [PMID: 37297565 PMCID: PMC10252535 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20115961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In youths, two cut-offs (133 and 155 mg/dL) have been proposed to identify high glucose levels at the 1 h (G60) mark during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). We evaluated which cut-off was more closely associated with isolated impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and cardiometabolic risk (CMR) in 1199 youth with overweight/obesity (OW/OB) and normal fasting glucose and/or HbA1c. The disposition index (DI) was available in 724 youths. The sample was divided by two cut-offs of G60: <133 mg/dL (n = 853) and ≥133 mg/dL (n = 346), or G60 < 155 mg/dL (n = 1050) and ≥155 mg/dL (n = 149). Independent of the cut-off, youths with high levels of G60 showed higher levels of G120, insulin resistance (IR), triglycerides to HDL ratio (TG/HDL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lower insulin sensitivity (IS) and DI than youths with lower levels of G60. The percentage of youths showing IGT, IR, low IS, high TG/HDL ratio, high ALT, and low DI was 50% higher in the G60 ≥ 133 mg/dL group than in the G60 ≥ 155 mg/dL one. In youths with OW/OB and IGT, a cut-off of G60 ≥ 133 mg/dL is more useful than G60 ≥ 155 mg/dL to identify those at high risk of IGT and altered CMR profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Procolo Di Bonito
- Department of Internal Medicine, “S. Maria delle Grazie” Hospital, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Giuliana Valerio
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Napoli “Parthenope”, 80133 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Licenziati
- Neuro-Endocrine Diseases and Obesity Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, 80139 Napoli, Italy
| | - Domenico Corica
- Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Malgorzata Wasniewska
- Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Anna Di Sessa
- Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Emanuele Miraglia del Giudice
- Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Anita Morandi
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Section of Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Claudio Maffeis
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Section of Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Enza Mozzillo
- Section of Pediatrics, Department of Translational Medical Science, Regional Center of Pediatric Diabetes, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatric Department, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Franco
- Pediatric Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Giulio Maltoni
- Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Felicia Faienza
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
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7
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Wasniewska M, Pepe G, Aversa T, Bellone S, de Sanctis L, Di Bonito P, Faienza MF, Improda N, Licenziati MR, Maffeis C, Maguolo A, Patti G, Predieri B, Salerno M, Stagi S, Street ME, Valerio G, Corica D, Calcaterra V. Skeptical Look at the Clinical Implication of Metabolic Syndrome in Childhood Obesity. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10040735. [PMID: 37189984 DOI: 10.3390/children10040735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined by a cluster of several cardio-metabolic risk factors, specifically visceral obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and impaired glucose metabolism, which together increase risks of developing future cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). This article is a narrative review of the literature and a summary of the main observations, conclusions, and perspectives raised in the literature and the study projects of the Working Group of Childhood Obesity (WGChO) of the Italian Society of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology (ISPED) on MetS in childhood obesity. Although there is an agreement on the distinctive features of MetS, no international diagnostic criteria in a pediatric population exist. Moreover, to date, the prevalence of MetS in childhood is not certain and thus the true value of diagnosis of MetS in youth as well as its clinical implications, is unclear. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the pathogenesis and current role of MetS in children and adolescents with particular reference to applicability in clinical practice in childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Wasniewska
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, 98121 Messina, Italy
| | - Giorgia Pepe
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, 98121 Messina, Italy
| | - Tommaso Aversa
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, 98121 Messina, Italy
| | - Simonetta Bellone
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Luisa de Sanctis
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Procolo Di Bonito
- Department of Internal Medicine, "Santa Maria delle Grazie" Hospital, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Maria Felicia Faienza
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Improda
- Neuro-Endocrine Diseases and Obesity Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, 80122 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Licenziati
- Neuro-Endocrine Diseases and Obesity Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, 80122 Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudio Maffeis
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Section of Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Alice Maguolo
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Section of Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Patti
- Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genova, 16128 Genova, Italy
| | - Barbara Predieri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children and Adults, Pediatric Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo, 71, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Mariacarolina Salerno
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Stagi
- Health Sciences Department, University of Florence and Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Elisabeth Street
- Unit of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Giuliana Valerio
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Napoli "Parthenope", 80133 Napoli, Italy
| | - Domenico Corica
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, 98121 Messina, Italy
| | - Valeria Calcaterra
- Department of Pediatrics, "Vittore Buzzi" Children's Hospital, 20157 Milano, Italy
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8
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Arisaka O, Ichikawa G, Nakayama K, Koyama S, Sairenchi T. Low Birth Weight, Weight Gain Trajectory in Infancy, Adiposity Rebound, and Risk of Adult Coronary Heart Disease. J Pediatr 2023; 255:261-262. [PMID: 36535410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Arisaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi-ken, Japan; Symphony Hospital, Utsunomiya Cerebrospinal Center, Utsunomiya-city, Tochigi-ken, Japan
| | - Go Ichikawa
- Symphony Hospital, Utsunomiya Cerebrospinal Center, Utsunomiya-city, Tochigi-ken, Japan
| | - Koryo Nakayama
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi-ken, Japan
| | - Satomi Koyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi-ken, Japan
| | - Toshimi Sairenchi
- Medical Science of Nursing, Dokkyo Medical University School of Nursing, Mibu, Tochigi-ken, Japan
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9
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Exploratory Longitudinal Analysis of the Circulating CHIT1 Activity in Pediatric Patients with Obesity. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10010124. [PMID: 36670674 PMCID: PMC9857224 DOI: 10.3390/children10010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage activation and cytokine release play a pivotal role in inflammation-mediated metabolic disturbances in obesity. The proinflammatory macrophage secretes human chitotriosidase (CHIT1). The expression of the CHIT1 in visceral adipose tissue is associated with cytokine production. Our study aimed to assess whether the CHIT1 circulating activity, as a macrophage activation indicator, reflects the change of the adiposity level and the insulin resistance (IR) in children with obesity. We longitudinally (median follow-up period of 7 months; IQR [5 to 8.5] and {2 to 13} months) evaluated the CHIT1 circulating activity, the adiposity level (waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WtHR), and body mass index (BMI)-for-age z score), and two surrogate markers of IR (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance, HOMA-IR and the triglycerides-to-high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, TG/HDLc) in 29 pediatric patients (16 girls and 13 boys) with obesity. We found a significant reduction in CHIT1 circulating activity (Wilcoxon test, p = 0.015) and a decrease in TG/HDLc at the follow-up evaluation (Wilcoxon test, p < 0.001). Indicators of adiposity were positively correlated with HOMA-IR at baseline, among which WC was the sole indicator associated with HOMA-IR (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients, p < 0.05) at follow-up. Human chitotriosidase has the potential to be a valuable measure of the progression of subclinical inflammation in children with obesity. Subclinical inflammation, as expressed by the circulating CHIT1 activity, progresses independently of the abdominal adiposity, as measured by the clinical indicators, and is associated with a change in insulin resistance.
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