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Abdullah M, Lin SH, Huang LC, Chen PS, Tseng HH, Yang YK. Fat loss and muscle gain: The possible role of cortical glutamate in determining the efficacy of physical exercise. Obes Res Clin Pract 2024; 18:163-170. [PMID: 38704348 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical exercise is widely acknowledged for its health benefits, but its effectiveness in treating obesity remains contentious due to variability in response. Owing to the roles of glutamate in appetite regulation, food addiction, and impulsivity, this observational cohort-study evaluated medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) glutamate as a predictor of variability in exercise response, specifically in terms of fat loss and muscle gain. METHODS Healthy non-exercising adult men (n = 21) underwent an 8-week supervised exercise program. Baseline glutamate levels in the mPFC were measured through magnetic resonance spectroscopy. For exercise-dependent changes in body composition (fat and muscle mass), basal metabolic rate (BMR), and blood metabolic biomarkers related to lipid and glucose metabolism, measurements were obtained through bioelectrical impedance and blood sample analyses, respectively. RESULTS The exercise program resulted in significant improvements in body composition, including reductions in percentage body fat mass, body fat mass, and waist-to-hip ratio and an increase in mean muscle mass. Furthermore, BMR and metabolic indicators linked to glucose and lipids exhibited significant changes. Notably, lower baseline glutamate levels were associated with greater loss in percentage body fat mass (r = 0.482, p = 0.027), body fat mass (r = 0.441, p = 0.045), and increase in muscle mass (r = -0.409, p = 0.066, marginal) following the exercise program. CONCLUSION These preliminary findings contribute to our understanding of the neurobiology of obesity and emphasize the significance of glutamate in regulating body composition. The results also highlight cortical glutamate as a potential predictor of exercise-induced fat loss and muscle gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abdullah
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Cheng Kung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsien Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Clinical Medicine Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chung Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po See Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Huai-Hsuan Tseng
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen Kuang Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Pehlke B, Oliveira F, Varnava C, Nehls F, Wiebringhaus P, Kueckelhaus M, Hirsch T, Dermietzel AF. Psychological well-being as a motive for and result of post-bariatric body contouring procedures. Obes Sci Pract 2024; 10:e719. [PMID: 38263992 PMCID: PMC10804339 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study investigates whether psychological well-being in post-bariatric patients seeking body contouring procedures differs from those who do not seek body contouring procedures, those who have already undergone body contouring procedures, and those who are unsure about body contouring procedures. Methods An anonymous, nonrandomized, cross-sectional survey study was designed. Psychological well-being of four groups of post-bariatric-patients (undergone body contouring procedures, seeking body contouring procedures, not seeking body contouring procedures, unsure about body contouring procedures) were compared. Results A total of 345 patients were included in this study. No significant difference between patients seeking body contouring procedures and those not seeking body contouring procedures was found with regard to depressive symptoms, self-esteem, and body image. Patients who had already undergone body contouring procedures scored lower on depressive symptoms (p = 0.035) and reported feeling more attractive (p < 0.001) and less insecure (p = 0.030) than patients who had not yet undergone body contouring procedures but sought it. Satisfaction with the result of the body contouring procedures was associated with lower depression levels (p < 0.001), higher self-esteem (p < 0.001) and a more positive body-image (p < 0.001). Conclusions Depressive symptoms or low self-esteem are not motivational factors for post-bariatric patients to seek body contouring procedures. Body contouring procedures are associated with improvement in psychological well-being in post-bariatric patients. Patients' satisfaction with the result of the body contouring procedures is significantly associated with positive psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Pehlke
- Division for Plastic SurgeryDepartment of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive SurgeryUniversity Hospital MuensterMuensterGermany
- Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Hand SurgeryFachklinik HornheideMuensterGermany
- Department for Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryInstitute for Musculoskeletal MedicineWestfaelische Wilhelms‐University MuensterMuensterGermany
| | - Filipa Oliveira
- Division for Plastic SurgeryDepartment of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive SurgeryUniversity Hospital MuensterMuensterGermany
- Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Hand SurgeryFachklinik HornheideMuensterGermany
- Department for Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryInstitute for Musculoskeletal MedicineWestfaelische Wilhelms‐University MuensterMuensterGermany
| | - Charalampos Varnava
- Division for Plastic SurgeryDepartment of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive SurgeryUniversity Hospital MuensterMuensterGermany
- Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Hand SurgeryFachklinik HornheideMuensterGermany
- Department for Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryInstitute for Musculoskeletal MedicineWestfaelische Wilhelms‐University MuensterMuensterGermany
| | - Fabian Nehls
- Division for Plastic SurgeryDepartment of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive SurgeryUniversity Hospital MuensterMuensterGermany
- Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Hand SurgeryFachklinik HornheideMuensterGermany
- Department for Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryInstitute for Musculoskeletal MedicineWestfaelische Wilhelms‐University MuensterMuensterGermany
| | - Philipp Wiebringhaus
- Division for Plastic SurgeryDepartment of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive SurgeryUniversity Hospital MuensterMuensterGermany
- Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Hand SurgeryFachklinik HornheideMuensterGermany
- Department for Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryInstitute for Musculoskeletal MedicineWestfaelische Wilhelms‐University MuensterMuensterGermany
| | - Maximilian Kueckelhaus
- Division for Plastic SurgeryDepartment of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive SurgeryUniversity Hospital MuensterMuensterGermany
- Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Hand SurgeryFachklinik HornheideMuensterGermany
- Department for Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryInstitute for Musculoskeletal MedicineWestfaelische Wilhelms‐University MuensterMuensterGermany
| | - Tobias Hirsch
- Division for Plastic SurgeryDepartment of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive SurgeryUniversity Hospital MuensterMuensterGermany
- Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Hand SurgeryFachklinik HornheideMuensterGermany
- Department for Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryInstitute for Musculoskeletal MedicineWestfaelische Wilhelms‐University MuensterMuensterGermany
| | - Alexander Frederik Dermietzel
- Division for Plastic SurgeryDepartment of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive SurgeryUniversity Hospital MuensterMuensterGermany
- Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Hand SurgeryFachklinik HornheideMuensterGermany
- Department for Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryInstitute for Musculoskeletal MedicineWestfaelische Wilhelms‐University MuensterMuensterGermany
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Downey AE, Odette M, Sanders AE, Kuykendall M, Saunders E, Nagata JM, Forsberg S, Buckelew SM, Garber AK. What medical providers need to elevate outpatient care for adolescents and young adults with binge-eating disorder: A novel protocol. Int J Eat Disord 2024; 57:294-302. [PMID: 38130097 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Binge-eating disorder (BED) in adolescents and young adults is underrecognized and understudied and no standardized guidelines exist for medical providers caring for this population. To highlight the lack of extant evidence, we examine the demographic characteristics of youth with BED in an academic eating disorders (EDs) program and primary care clinic and describe the needs of their medical care providers. METHOD A retrospective chart review was conducted for patients who met criteria for BED from July 2021 to June 2022. We surveyed their medical providers to understand their needs in caring for this population. A multidisciplinary team with expertise in the care of youth with EDs amalgamated current evidence in caring for youth with BED into a protocolized care schema designed for implementation in the outpatient medical setting. RESULTS Eighteen youth with BED were reviewed, 14 identified as female, 3 as male, and 1 as "Other." Average age was 15.4 (2.7) years old, and mean body mass index was 35.90 (8.25). 33.3% (6) patients identified as White/Caucasian, followed by 22.2% (4) Hispanic/Latinx. Eleven of 18 were privately insured. The most common medical recommendations were for regular meals and snacks and for individual psychotherapy. Medical providers desired more education about identification and management of youth with BED. CONCLUSIONS To address the lack of medical care guidelines for youth with BED, recommendations in this Forum include: increased education for medical providers, standardized medical monitoring, an emphasis on psychotherapy, and a weight-inclusive orientation. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE Adolescents and young adults with BED are underrecognized and undertreated. Little is known about the characteristics of these patients and the medical care these patients receive within academic EDs program. For the first time, preliminary recommendations for medical care are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E Downey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michelle Odette
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Austin E Sanders
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mikayla Kuykendall
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth Saunders
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jason M Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sarah Forsberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sara M Buckelew
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Andrea K Garber
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Feng B, Harms J, Chen E, Gao P, Xu P, He Y. Current Discoveries and Future Implications of Eating Disorders. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6325. [PMID: 37510558 PMCID: PMC10379623 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20146325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Eating disorders (EDs) are characterized by severe disturbances in eating behaviors and can sometimes be fatal. Eating disorders are also associated with distressing thoughts and emotions. They can be severe conditions affecting physical, psychological, and social functions. Preoccupation with food, body weight, and shape may also play an important role in the regulation of eating disorders. Common eating disorders have three major types: anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED). In some cases, EDs can have serious consequences for an individual's physical and mental health. These disorders often develop during adolescence or early adulthood and affect both males and females, although they are more commonly diagnosed in young adult females. Treatment for EDs typically involves a combination of therapy, nutrition counseling, and medical care. In this narrative review, the authors summarized what is known of EDs and discussed the future directions that may be worth exploring in this emerging area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Feng
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Jerney Harms
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
- Biology Department, Centenary College of Louisiana, Shreveport, LA 71104, USA
| | - Emily Chen
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Peiyu Gao
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Pingwen Xu
- The Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yanlin He
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
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